Brown spots on the face: causes and treatment methods. Dark spots. How to get rid of age spots on the face, causes of appearance, types of pigmentation

What are pigment spots
Types of pigmentation
Prevention of hyperpigmentation
Fighting pigmentation at home

What are pigment spots

Dark spots- these are darkened areas of the skin that appear as a result of a local accumulation of the melanin pigment, which gives color to the skin and hair. The size, shade, and number of spots can vary: from a scattering of golden freckles to single dark brown areas.

Skin of different phototypes and ages are susceptible to age spots © iStock

Age spots can appear at any age, in people with different colors and skin type. Everyone is susceptible to them:

representatives of the first phototype- light-skinned blond with gray or blue eyes who do not tan well and quickly get sunburned;

representatives of dark phototypes who have an increased tendency to hyperpigmentation, especially after inflammatory processes or with hormonal imbalance.

Causes of pigmentation

To fight age spots, or better yet, prevent them, you need to have an idea of the culprits behind their appearance.

Ultraviolet

The main provocateur of the formation of age spots is the sun. And even if problems with pigmentation are programmed genetically, UV rays will be the very trigger that will manifest these problems.

Ultraviolet damages cells, causing protective reactions, as a result of which the activity of melanocytes is activated (they produce pigment). Melanocytes intensively produce melanin. And it is unevenly deposited in the skin, especially in places of greatest photodamage.

As a result, spots appear on the prominent parts of the face - on the nose and cheekbones - which become darker with age.

Hormones

Often the reason for the appearance of age spots on the face in women is associated with hormonal changes against the background of:

pregnancy;

lactation;

taking contraceptives.

When the body returns to normal life, problems with pigment disappear, although there are exceptions. Then you will need the help of an endocrinologist who will identify the cause, and a cosmetologist who will find a way to eliminate the consequences.

Ultraviolet light provokes hyperpigmentation © iStock

Diseases

Hyperpigmentation may indicate problems with the liver, kidneys, endocrine system disorders and gynecological diseases. In such cases, cosmetic procedures are necessary, but it is more important to focus efforts on treating the underlying disease.

Mechanical skin damage

“Anything that violates the integrity of the epidermal barrier - wounds, burns, abrasions - often becomes the cause of pigment spots, because in response to damage, melanin synthesis increases,” says Alexander Prokofiev, expert of the Ls Roche-Posay brand. Therefore, cosmetic procedures such as chemical peels and dermabrasion are recommended not to be carried out during periods of solar activity, and after them it is necessary to apply a cream with SPF 30 or 50.

In addition to wounds and abrasions, mechanical damage includes deep acne and home cleaning skin: a pigment spot may appear at the site of an independently squeezed pimple.

Types of pigmentation

Pigment spots differ in size, shade, and color saturation. The only thing they general property- “love” of the sun: most often they are found on areas of the skin exposed to ultraviolet radiation.

Freckles (ephelids)

This small specks round shape, uniform color, with a diameter of 1-2 mm. Typically appear when active influence ultraviolet radiation on the skin of the face, body and hands of blondes, brown-haired and red-haired people unprotected from the sun.

The more intense the sun exposure, the darker the freckles. Without the support of the sun they turn pale, and in winter time They may even disappear until next season.

Lentigo (solar lentigo)

Larger spots than freckles oval shaped, with a diameter of 2-20 mm. Located where the skin is more exposed to UV rays:

Hands;

décolleté area.

Their color is usually uniform, the pigmentation is persistent and does not disappear on its own. Lentigines are also called “age spots” because they appear in adulthood, often in the same places where freckles were in youth.

How older man, the more extensive, dark and difficult to remove the spots become. This is how areas damaged by ultraviolet radiation throughout life make themselves known.

Remember: the more time you spent in the sun in your youth, the more noticeable age spots will appear in adulthood. They can occur even with minimal insolation. And it will be difficult to fight them.

“Solar lentigo - skin pigmentation caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, most often occurs on open to the sun areas of the skin at a more mature age. About 75% of people over 60 years of age have at least one patch of solar lentigo.”

Birthmark (nevus)

The most common type of age spots. Almost everyone has them, even babies. Nevi can appear at any age, but are especially active in adulthood.

Melasma (chloasma)

Large pigment spots that do not have a clear shape. Most often they appear on the face, their number increases under the influence of the sun. The main reason - hormonal changes. If they are temporary (pregnancy, lactation), then melasma may disappear after the hormonal levels return to normal.

Methods for eliminating age spots

Phototherapy is an effective hardware procedure against age spots © iStock

Age spots do not always cause problems for their owners. In youth, freckles look charming and are not considered a flaw. Another thing is that when they become brighter and larger, their number increases and does not decrease even in winter. Melasma, islands of accumulated pigment, also causes concern.

Phototherapy

High-intensity pulsed light destroys the accumulation of melanocytes. The doctor prescribes the number of flashes and sessions individually depending on the depth of the pigment and its quantity.

Selective laser

A laser with an ultrashort pulse finds cells with a high content of melanin and literally crushes it into small particles.

Chemical peeling

A course of peelings can give a good, lasting result. glycolic acid, renewing the skin, combined with homemade cosmetics, which suppresses melanin production.

Consequences of hyperpigmentation

Pigmentation problems are often associated with age-related changes© iStock

Pigment spots themselves are not dangerous to health. But this is a signal that ultraviolet radiation has already damaged the skin, and should not be ignored. The sun can trigger the process of cell degeneration and become a provocateur of irreversible changes.

Cosmetic ingredients effective against pigmentation

In cosmetic formulas, whitening ingredients reduce the synthesis of tyrosine, a precursor to melanin.

Kojic acid- one of the AHA acids, has a whitening and exfoliating effect.

Arbutin - herbal component, which is found in bearberry and blackberry. In combination with kojic acid, it enhances the whitening effect.

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)- a powerful antioxidant and reducing agent. Easily destroyed, which is why magnesium salt is often used in cosmetics L-ascorbic acid, which turns into vitamin C in the skin. Reduces melanin synthesis and enhances collagen synthesis.

Glabridin- licorice root extract. It has not only a whitening, but also an anti-inflammatory effect.

Any woman, regardless of age, wants her skin to always be healthy and beautiful. One of common problems A problem that plagues many ladies are pigment spots on the face. They may also appear in adolescence, and in women over 50 years of age. Most representatives of the fair sex are sure that the spots are associated with negative processes occurring directly in the skin. To combat them, a variety of cosmetic preparations and resort to folk remedies, sometimes very dubious.

Local exposure to the skin leads to the fact that pigment spots do not disappear, but only fade a little. Inadequate measures may well cause the process to progress. In order to successfully combat this cosmetic defect, you need to know the reasons for its appearance.

As a rule, pathological pigmentation develops in women over 35-40 years old, but there are exceptions. Spots are the result of local accumulations of melanin present in the body of any person. This pigment is present in outer layer skin - epidermis. When it accumulates in limited areas of the outer layer, it appears birthmarks or freckles. The color of such formations can vary from light yellow to rich brown. As a rule, they do not cause problems for a woman.

Another thing is melanin deposits in the deeper layers of the epidermis. Such spots are characterized by a dark brown color. They can interfere with applying makeup to the face, and if they rise slightly above the skin level, they can even interfere with putting on clothes.

Cosmetologists distinguish the following types of pigment spots:

birthmarks;
lentigo (typical for older women);
chloasma;
freckles.

One of the leading reasons for the development of hyperpigmentation is genetic predisposition. Spots can sometimes be present even in newborns. Elimination of hereditarily caused cosmetic defects requires taking quite serious measures, one of which is laser resurfacing.

Often spots appear due to hormonal imbalance. Pigmentation can develop with diseases of the endocrine system, as well as with hormonal changes in the body associated with pregnancy or menstruation. In some cases, it can develop in women in the first year after the birth of a child. Such spots usually have irregular shape; they are usually called chloasma. Experts do not recommend taking any measures to eliminate this cosmetic defect. Areas of pigmentation often develop due to dysfunction thyroid gland, as well as with the development of neoplasms in the pituitary gland. To cope with spots of endocrine origin, it is necessary to treat the underlying disease. As the hormonal levels return to normal indicators, the spots will disappear.

Pigmentation can occur due to skin trauma.

The main causes of skin damage that cause hyperpigmentation of certain areas of the skin:

(acne);
(chemical or thermal);
complications with cosmetic procedures ah (peeling, etc.).

To eliminate spots of traumatic origin, as a rule, local exposure is not enough. Most patients require complex therapy.

Often spots appear under the influence ultraviolet radiation. The immediate cause, in particular, may be excessive long stay in the sun. It is known that ultraviolet radiation stimulates the formation of melanin, and normally a person develops a tan, which is necessary to protect against burns. But in some cases pigment accumulates more intensely in certain areas. Usually it is the skin of the face that suffers, since it is the most delicate and is never protected by clothing. Pigment spots appear more often from the spring sun, since after autumn-winter period the skin is maximally depigmented.

Even the most modern sunscreens are not always effective, so to avoid skin problems, it is recommended to sunbathe in the evening or morning.

Note:spots often appear after too frequent trips to the solarium. In pursuit of beauty, you can achieve the completely opposite effect.

Pigmentation of areas of the skin often indicates diseases digestive tract(in particular the intestines), kidneys, liver and gall bladder. Intestinal diseases usually cause reddish spots. Brown pigmentation speaks of problems with the liver or gall bladder. Violations of the functional activity of the kidneys lead to the development of yellow or yellowish spots. Brown. Bleaching and other local treatments are ineffective. The spots disappear on their own after successful treatment underlying disease. In many cases, strict adherence to the diet prescribed by the doctor is sufficient.

Age spots are often caused by mental illness, nervous disorders and even frequent psycho-emotional stress. Problems from outside nervous systems s lead to hormonal imbalance and metabolic disorders, as a result of which pathological accumulations of melanin are formed. To eliminate such defects, normalization is required mental state patients.

Spots on the skin may appear if a woman’s body lacks certain micro- and macroelements or vitamins. In particular, pigmentation is often a consequence of hypovitaminosis of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and insufficient dietary intake of copper. Such accumulations of melanin spontaneously disappear as the deficiency of these biologically active substances is compensated.

Some pharmacological agents with long-term course use they can also provoke the appearance of areas of hyperpigmentation. Spots appear especially often during long-term antibiotic therapy. In such cases, it is necessary to consult a doctor who will decide whether to replace a particular drug with an analogue or interrupt the course of treatment.

Important:The cause of the appearance of spots in some cases is an allergic reaction. In such a situation, consultation with a specialist is required who will help identify the factor leading to the occurrence of a hypersensitivity reaction.

The skin may react to low-quality cosmetics. There are a ton of fake skin care and makeup products on the market these days. They may contain toxic ingredients. If you notice that after using certain type If pigment spots appear in cosmetics, you need to stop using it and urgently consult a dermatologist.

Note:The appearance of hyperpigmentation is often caused by excessively frequent skin cleansing and whitening procedures.

The appearance of darkened areas on the skin of the hands, neck and face is often the result of natural aging processes. Usually such spots appear after 45 years. The reason is hormonal changes during menopause and uneven distribution of pigment in aging skin. Pigmentation may also be associated with chronic diseases, which develop and worsen with age.

As a rule, pigment spots themselves are not dangerous, but in most cases they indicate certain pathologies of organs and systems. The appearance of darkened areas on the skin is a reason to undergo a comprehensive medical examination, which will reveal the real reason pathology. It is not the effect that needs to be treated, but the cause.

Women who have areas of hyperpigmentation of the facial skin should first consult with doctors of the following specializations:

therapist;
dermatologist;
endocrinologist;
gynecologist;
gastroenterologist.

Depending on the cause of the pathology, treatment tactics are determined. In any case, treatment of the underlying disease is required; otherwise, neither folk remedies for whitening nor even the most innovative cosmetic procedures will help.

To eliminate pigmentation, the most various means, but the effectiveness of many of them is questionable. In addition, some “bleaches” can be harmful to the skin.

One of the most famous and widespread “folk remedies” is a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide. Application of this product often causes chemical burn the outer layer of the epidermis, and the melanin accumulated deep in the skin does not disappear anywhere.

Important:Such creams are strictly contraindicated for women carrying a child, as well as for nursing mothers!

Cosmetic procedures should only be performed by a qualified professional. The specific technique is selected strictly individually. The cosmetologist takes into account the severity of the defect, the area of its location, as well as the patient’s contraindications to this procedure.

Chemical peeling involves applying organic acids– fruit, glycolic, etc. These biologically active compounds ensure desquamation of the cells of the outer layer of the epidermis. Thus, skin renewal is ensured, which over time contributes to the disappearance or reduction of the severity of pathological pigmentation.

Peeling can also be carried out using an ultrasonic device.

Laser peeling helps to remove cells from the outer layer of skin as gently as possible. The disadvantage of this technique is its relative traumatic nature. After the procedure, patients are advised to apply products to the skin that accelerate the regeneration process. Sessions laser peeling it is preferable to carry out in winter, when the effect on the skin solar ultraviolet minimal.

Phototherapy allows you to selectively target areas of hyperpigmentation. High intensity light waves promote the destruction of cells with a pathologically high presence of melanin.

Any cosmetic whitening products should only be used under the supervision of an experienced specialist. If they are used ineptly, it is possible that an effect will develop that is completely opposite to the desired one, that is, pigment spots on the face will become even more noticeable.

Please note: a number of drugs are strictly contraindicated during pregnancy, breastfeeding, as well as acute and chronic pathologies of the liver or kidneys.

The most effective whitening products are:

Retin-A (cream);
VC-IP (solution based on ascorbic acid);
Achromin MAX;
Neotone complex (night serum + Neotone Radiance SPF 50+).

There are a number of safe and time-tested folk methods to get rid of hyperpigmentation. Good effect helps to achieve cosmetic mask from grated fresh cucumber.

On problematic skin You can apply a mixture of yeast and lemon juice for 10-15 minutes. It is also recommended to wipe your face with parsley infusion mixed with fresh whole milk twice a day.

Pigment spots are flat, round or oval areas of varying sizes that differ more from the rest of the skin surface. dark color– from light gray and yellowish to dark brown. Most often they are localized on open areas of the body, namely on the face, which greatly upsets women. In this case, pigmentation can appear at any age, but the most susceptible to the occurrence of such a cosmetic defect are women during the period, the elderly, pregnant and lactating women.

The formation of age spots is associated with a complex biological process in which the production of melanin pigment in the skin increases and its accumulation occurs. This can happen due to various factors – both external and internal. And before you get rid of excessive pigmentation, you should find out the main reason for its appearance.

The main causes of age spots on the face in women

Impact solar radiation– the main reason why pigment spots appear on the face in summer, because... ultraviolet light activates the production of melanin. A particular risk is posed by prolonged insolation during the period increased activity sun and also sunbathing for fair-skinned women. But sometimes ultra-violet rays are not the only reason the appearance of age spots, but only provoke their appearance against the background of the influence of other causative factors.

The second most common group of factors is diseases:

gastrointestinal tract;
liver;
kidney;
gallbladder;
female reproductive system.

With these pathologies, skin pigmentation disorders are often observed, so the appearance of a pigment spot can serve as a signal of a hidden disease.

Other causes of age spots on the face

Diseases of the endocrine system can also be accompanied by the appearance of dark spots. Most often this happens due to:

pituitary insufficiency;
pituitary tumors.

Violations hormonal levels– during pregnancy, menopause, adolescence, during treatment hormonal drugs. Fluctuations in the level of hormones in the body can affect the production of melanin and its distribution in the skin.

The development of hyperpigmentation is also influenced by:

Inflammation (allergic rash, acne) and violation of the integrity of the skin (cuts, burns, unsuccessful peeling) also lead to the formation of areas of increased pigmentation. This is due to the activation of melanin production as defensive reaction skin.
Application of cosmetics and medicines containing enhancing photosensitivity chemical substances, causes increased sensitivity skin to UV rays, which can ultimately lead to hyperpigmentation. These substances include retinoic acid, lime oil, bergamot oil, synthetic fragrances, antibiotics, some diuretics, antihistamines, etc.
Chronic stress, nervous disorders - possible reasons formation of pigment spots.
Lack of vitamins in the body, disrupting metabolic processes. In particular, pigmentation can occur due to a lack of vitamin C.

Treatment of age spots

As already mentioned, treatment of age spots should be carried out after determining the reasons for their formation. This may require consultation with various specialists: dermatologist, therapist, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, gynecologist. If a disease is identified that can serve as a possible provoking factor, then, first of all, measures are taken to address it. elimination. In many cases, after treatment, normal skin pigmentation is restored. In other cases, it is possible to use cosmetic procedures.

Hello, dear readers! In the article we discuss a common problem - pigmentation on the face. We answer questions about why stains appear, how to get rid of them, and choose the most effective means from age spots.

The reasons can be divided into 2 large groups:

internal;
external.

When the appearance of pigmentation is due to an altered state of the body, we speak of internal reasons. The most common of them are:

Pigmentation often appears due to the influence of such factors on the body:

stress;
ultraviolet radiation;
medical and cosmetic procedures.

How to diagnose spots

Pigmentation on the face is easy to notice with the naked eye. The color of the skin in the area of the spot will differ from the main color of the person’s skin in a darker or lighter direction.

You should not mistake light areas of skin after healing of wounds, scratches, abrasions, etc. for pigmentation. “New” skin has formed in this place, which has not yet been tanned, so it is a lighter shade in comparison with the surrounding tissues.

Types and symptoms of spots

Brown spots on the face are much more common than white spots. In children and men, the likelihood of their occurrence is small. They occur more often in adult women, especially during pregnancy and lactation, as well as in elderly people and teenagers.

Types of Brown Spots

freckles;
birthmarks;
secondary pigmentation;
lentigo;
xeroderma pigmentosum;
melasma;
Brocca's myeloderma.

Types of white spots

secondary pigmentation;
vitiligo.

Symptoms of spots

The appearance of freckles is due to heredity. Most often they are located on sun-exposed areas of the body, as they are a skin reaction to solar radiation.

A person is either born immediately with birthmarks on his face, or they appear in the first years of life. There are different types of birthmarks different sizes, shades and shapes.

Secondary pigmentation is a temporary consequence of previous infectious diseases skin, skin allergic reactions or skin damage.

Lentigo appears as brown spots that can come in different sizes and shapes. Their distinctive feature- compaction of the skin in the area of the spot, its thickening.

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a hereditary disease that appears as freckle-like spots interspersed with a reddish rash.

It is important to get rid of this kind of pigmentation on the face with the help of a doctor, since there is a danger of degeneration of xeroderma pigmentosum into a malignant tumor.

Melasma is a well-defined pigmented spot that appears as a result of hormonal imbalances or during pregnancy. Melasma is smooth to the touch, maybe various sizes and forms.

Doctors do not advise thinking about how to remove pigment spots of this kind on the face, since after restoration of normal hormonal levels they go away on their own.

Doctors diagnose Brocca's myeloderma in cases where the cause of brown spots on the face is stress. Such spots are evenly colored, of different sizes and shapes, but most often appear in the mouth area.

Vitiligo is characterized by the presence of areas of depigmented skin, which become larger over time. Usually these are medium-sized or large spots of various shapes on unchanged skin that do not tan in the sun.

Spots on a child's face

Brown or white spots on a child’s face may be one of those we described above. Only a dermatologist can make an accurate diagnosis.

A common cause of white spots on a child's face is a lack of vitamins. To get rid of age spots of this kind on the face, you need to take a course of multivitamins.

Which doctor should I contact?

If you are sure that your pigmentation is a birthmark or freckles, then there is no need to worry. Otherwise, consult a dermatologist.

In most cases, it is enough for the doctor to examine you to tell you how to get rid of pigmentation on your face. But sometimes a detailed diagnosis may be required, including laboratory tests or consultation with other medical specialists in the field of gastroenterology, neurology, endocrinology, and oncology.

If you have spots, be sure to consult a doctor, because not all age spots on the face are safe. Some of them are not only a cosmetic defect, but can also lead to dangerous consequences for good health.

For example, xeroderma pigmentosum often develops into a malignant tumor, so it is very important to diagnose it in time.

A harmless birthmark sometimes thickens over time and becomes a nevus. A nevus can degenerate into a malignant skin tumor, so do not leave your pigmented spots without proper attention.

How to get rid of stains

Many people consider stains a cosmetic defect and strive to remove them. different ways. If the stain is barely noticeable, then it can be disguised with foundation.

If you want to radically remove age spots from your face, you can use one of the following methods:

lightening pigmentation using cream, ointment;
removing stains with cosmetic peeling;
getting rid of pigmentation using hardware microdermabrasion;
laser removal of age spots on the face;
folk remedies for age spots on the face.

How to whiten stains

There are several ways to whiten age spots on the face using cosmetic products at home. There are both special creams and entire lines of care cosmetics for pigmented facial skin.

Many manufacturers offer whole line facial skin care products. For example, cosmetic line"Dramatic Results Facial Regimen Set." Among the whitening products in this line, you can purchase an exfoliator, cleansing gel, moisturizer, sunscreen and a face mask. The result is an even complexion.

Reviews from cosmetologists indicate that the most effective whitening creams are the following:

cream “Meladerm”;
skin pencil from Sampar;
lightening gel “PCA skin Pigment gel”;
gel from age-related pigmentation“Murad Age Spot and Pigment Lightening Gel.”

How to remove stains

Many women think about how to remove age spots on their faces and resort to cosmetic salon peelings:

chemical;
laser;
microdermabrasion.

Chemical deep peels exfoliate the upper stratum corneum of cells, which brightens the skin color and leads to a gradual removal of pigmentation on the face.

Laser peeling is usually used only on the pigment spot area. The procedure is performed with local anesthesia and is considered one of the most effective ways remove pigment spots from the face.

Microdermabrasion mechanical deep peeling using abrasive particles. The procedure is traumatic, like any peeling, but effective.

The effectiveness of removing age spots using these cosmetic procedures is eloquently evidenced by photos of women before and after peelings who have experienced these methods on themselves. They managed not only to remove age spots, but also to significantly tighten and rejuvenate the skin.

Contraindications for peelings

General contraindications to removing pigmentation using cosmetic peels are the following:

pregnancy and breastfeeding;
diseases accompanied elevated temperature bodies;
infectious skin diseases;
damaged skin at the site of intended treatment;
viral skin diseases in the active stage;
pustular acne;
rosacea

Please note that cosmetologists do not recommend peeling during the sunny season. The best time To remove pigmentation from the face, peelings are considered to be late autumn and winter.

Folk remedies for stains

The price of professional cosmetology services is usually high, so many people try to get rid of pigmentation using inexpensive home methods. Folk remedies for age spots on the face include the use of the following:

whitening face masks;
decoctions or infusions of herbs;
essential oils, etc.

To remove age spots on the face, add whitening ingredients to masks:

freshly squeezed citrus juices or pulp;
grated raw potatoes;
sauerkraut;
dairy products;
green tea.

Before using masks, be sure to use a scrub - this will allow you to more effectively fight pigmentation.

Herbs with skin whitening effect:

bearberry leaves;
liquorice root;
birch leaves;
mulberry leaves;
chamomile flowers;
leaves .

Infusions or decoctions of these herbs are used externally as independent remedy in the form of a facial tonic or added to masks.

Essential oils of citrus fruits, sea buckthorn, castor or. Essential oils can be added to face masks or night cream. Do not use them as a separate independent remedy!

A common effective folk remedy to whiten the skin is to wipe it with 3% hydrogen peroxide.

Recipes for whitening folk remedies for the face

Here are the most effective proven whitening products.

Whitening face mask

Ingredients:

1 fresh cucumber;
a few slices of lemon or grapefruit;
1 teaspoon of natural liquid honey.

How to use:

Grind 1 cucumber on a grater or in a blender, add honey and 1 tablespoon. a spoonful of grapefruit or lemon juice. Apply for 10 minutes, rinse with warm water.

Whitening ice cubes

Ingredients:

grapefruit;
boiled chilled water.

How to use:

Squeeze the juice from grapefruit, dilute the resulting juice in half with water. Pour into ice molds and place in the freezer. Wipe your face several times a day.

Whitening facial toner

The following can be successfully used as a whitening tonic:

kefir;
sour fruit juices;
3% hydrogen peroxide;
vitamin C in ampoules.

Whitening scrub

Ingredients:

orange or lime peel;
1 table. spoon of white cosmetic clay;
water or whey.

How to use:

Dry the orange, lime or grapefruit peel and grind it in a coffee grinder. Stir required amount the resulting powder with white clay powder. Add enough water to form a thick mixture, which you rub intensively into the skin with massage movements for several minutes. Special attention Focus on areas with pigmentation. Wash with running water.

Stain Prevention

To prevent blemishes from appearing on your face, follow these guidelines:

minimize exposure to ultraviolet radiation on the skin;
carefully monitor your health, prevent vitamin deficiencies and infections, treat acute and chronic diseases in a timely manner;
take proper care of your skin.

Care and nutrition

To prevent the appearance of pigmentation on the face, follow these rules:

use protective creams when tanning and staying in the sun in the warm season with an SPF factor of more than 30;
use high-quality hypoallergenic cosmetics and perfumes;
take care of your skin with products appropriate to its type and your age;
include only fresh ones in your diet natural products without GMOs and dyes, eat less fat and more raw vegetables, fruits, nuts;
When eating or taking vitamins, be sure to get the required daily dose of vitamins C and PP;
watch your immunity - don’t let it weaken;
Carry out annual preventive deworming.

Take care of your skin correctly and with pleasure, always remain beautiful. Share the article with your friends by clicking on the social media buttons.

It is difficult to answer unequivocally why pigment spots appear. Red and brown spots can occur on the face, hands, or body of any person. They ruin the lives of not only women, but also the stronger sex. The causes of pigmentation or redness may vary.

A spot of brown or beige colour represents the localization of melanin. This is a pigment that characterizes skin tone. It can form and accumulate in the upper layers of the epidermis or lie deep. If the spot is close to the surface of the skin, it has light shade. And if pigmented cells accumulate deeply, the spot becomes bright brown. Moles, freckles, vitiligo, and birthmarks are types of commonly occurring pigmentation. Age spots on the face are not dangerous, but they can be a warning sign. dangerous diseases, which begin in the body. And therefore they cannot be ignored.

What diseases does it warn about?

If the composition of the blood changes due to some malfunction of the organs, then it cannot circulate fully. Stagnant blood does not have time to completely free itself from toxins and other harmful substances. They spoil the skin on the face, which becomes covered with spots. This is why pigmentation appears.
The gallbladder supplies the liver with substances that help digest fat from food. If the gallbladder is clogged with mucus or stones, it does not perform its function. This means cholesterol enters the blood, which is deposited on the walls of blood vessels and interferes with blood flow. Violation of the lipid process affects all organs.
The liver cleanses the blood. Liver disease slows down this process. Bile ducts may become clogged or die due to liver cell poisoning. Then the organ does not perform its function. This can also be evidenced by spots on the face, hands and the whole body.
The intestines are called the factory of life. Here food is processed into useful substances and fuel for all processes. You should monitor its work and cleanliness from a young age. A clogged intestine can cause serious problems in the functioning of other organs. Digestive problems are indicated by reddish or light brown spots on the cheeks and forehead.
Pigmentation often appears on the face due to bad work heart, circulatory and nervous systems in old age.

By the color and nature of the spots, you can determine the cause of their occurrence, if it lies inside the body. Brown spots on the face that are difficult to remove indicate problems with the liver and gallbladder. Light yellowish formations indicate diseased kidneys. In addition to the special treatment for each disease that the doctor prescribes, it is useful for the digestive organs to review the diet, enrich it with raw fresh vegetables and fruits.

Thermal processing of meat and fish products should exclude the use of fats. It is useful to steam or bake or stew in a small amount of water. Bran, wholemeal bread, and water porridge are also useful. It is not the spots on the skin that are dangerous, but the diseases that they indicate.

Each person's skin type is different. The skin reacts differently to external irritants. Because of them, pigmentation on the face can also appear.

External factors of possible pigmentation

Freckles become brighter in spring. This suggests that Sun rays stimulate the production of melanin, which was hardly noticeable in winter. Active sun can cause pigmentation after tanning if melanocytes are located unevenly in the layers of the skin. Large areas of the epidermis on the face, arms, and chest lose their coloring pigment after winter. If a person is prone to developing pigmentation, then he should protect himself by using sunscreen or protective hats and clothing. The sun is most aggressive in the morning until noon.
Often pigment spots on the face appear after acne, blackheads and pustules on the skin. They appear on the cheeks and forehead, usually during adolescence. Girls and young people strive to get rid of them as quickly as possible. They squeeze out pimples, burn them with alcohol, cover them with a thick layer foundation. All these actions do not mask the rash well and leave marks on the face. long years in the form of spots, scars and dents. Treating them afterwards is much more difficult. And additional inflammation is formed from an introduced infection.
During menopause, women develop age spots on the hands, neck, face. They blur into large, shapeless formations and spoil a woman’s appearance and mood.
Hereditary spots appear already in a newborn child. As they grow older, they only become brighter and larger. These are freckles, moles, and birthmarks that are not only brown in color. There are moles that are blue, purple, almost black. Some of them do not protrude above the surface of the skin, and some grow into large raisins. Their removal is possible only with the help of a doctor-cosmetologist in the salon.
A person's hormonal background changes throughout life. This process leaves its mark on all organs. In women, hormone levels change especially often. Chloasma is the name given to spots that appear and disappear on their own for this reason. During pregnancy, a woman experiences a hormonal surge. And often large light brown spots appear on the cheeks and neck. After the birth of the child, they disappear over time. Pigment spots can appear even on the eve of menstruation or during female diseases. The problem may also be a malfunction of the thyroid gland.
After taking certain medications, an imbalance of vitamins and microelements occurs. Long-term use of such drugs in some places changes the color of the epidermis. The doctor will advise how to compensate for this deficiency.
Every person experiences an allergic reaction at least once in their life. The body does not accept some food, or reacts to cosmetics. Large scaly plaques appear on the skin, which are very itchy. If they are not treated correctly and promptly, they can leave dark traces on the skin. First of all, you should determine the type of allergen that causes a negative reaction. After this, treatment is carried out internally and externally. The patient must take antihistamines Eliminate allergies and inflammation of the epidermis with medicinal ointments. Skin allergies often occur when using strong cosmetics, spicy ingredients in skin care products, or essential oils. Expired cosmetics also cause harm to the skin.
Injuries to the surface of the epidermis leave scars and dark spots. They remind me of my wounds for a long time. After boils, chemical and thermal burns, cuts on the hands, or unprofessionally performed cosmetic procedures, the integrity of the skin. Sometimes the lesions are deep and the marks are difficult to get rid of. In these cases, it is necessary to begin resorption therapy as soon as possible - use special creams and ointments.
The spots can be not only dark. If areas of the skin are devoid of melanin, then pigmentation can be expressed in the absence of color and spots - lighter, bright pink or white. They appear everywhere - on the neck, arms, chest. The disease is called vitiligo. White or lighter than the rest of the skin areas remain after shingles. If the body lacks vitamins or other necessary substances, then the skin may be light in places. The spots become more noticeable after the remaining areas of the dermis are tanned.
If the dermis loses moisture, then small red moles may form on it, collected in one place. They are characteristic of aging skin and are benign tumors.

Treatment

As you can see, the reasons for the appearance of pigmentation on the skin are different. And the ways to get rid of it are also different. Treatment must begin with eliminating the cause of the disease. After this, skin manifestations are also successfully treated with cosmetic, folk remedies, procedures in beauty salons. There are whole series cosmetics, which contain whitening and brightening components. With the help of such products, while cleansing, nourishing, and moisturizing the skin, it whitens, that is, eliminates stains.

From salon methods different chemical and mechanical peelings, removal of pigmentation with a laser beam, mesotherapy, cryotherapy.

During peeling, the top layer of old cells, which contains dark inclusions, is removed. Young skin cells have healthy color. Thus, tanning pigmentation is effectively removed. Chemical peeling is the action of acids on the epidermis. They burn out the pigmented spot. The skin takes a long time to recover after chemical peeling. This procedure is possible if there are no lesions or inflammations on the surface.

Laser resurfacing is the effect of a laser beam on the deep layers of the skin. The laser evaporates moisture from the colored cells and they dry out. In their place, healthy cells of natural color are formed.

Ultrasound is the most gentle method for getting rid of pigmentation. It activates blood circulation in top layer dermis and thereby promotes the formation of new cells.

Homemade Whitening Remedies

Traditional methods are not as effective as salon treatments. They require patience, regularity and time. But these methods have an undeniable advantage - they are harmless, inexpensive, and always available. These are lotions, rubs, masks, applications.

Hydrogen peroxide has long been used to lighten hair. This effect is also applicable for skin whitening. With a cotton swab moistened with a 3% composition of this product, you can wipe the spots on your face once a day. A solution of baking soda in water will have a similar effect. These components are added to masks to remove melanin spots.

Whitening mask recipes:

With yeast. Combine 20 g of yeast with 1 tbsp. lemon juice, add water until the sour cream becomes thick. The mask is applied with a brush to the face, excluding the eye and lip area. After half an hour, remove it with water and lubricate the skin with cream.
Juice of any citrus fruits - orange, lime, grapefruit contains fruit acids. They can lighten the skin slightly. With regular use, you can soon notice the desired effect.

Why hyperpigmentation appears can only be determined by a qualified specialist. Therefore, before self-medication, it is necessary to undergo an examination and eliminate the cause of the aesthetic defect.