Types of substances. Perm hair (large curls). Types, reviews about the procedure, as well as before and after photos. What types of chemicals are there?

Quick navigation

For many hundreds of years, women have been changing their image as they please. And if earlier beautiful ladies had to sleep on curlers to create curls, now it is enough to contact a good hairdresser or even carry out a procedure yourself that will delight you with a long-lasting effect. There are many varieties of long-term perms, you can choose them for any hair, and besides, less traumatic compounds are used now than 10 years ago.

When choosing a method, it is important to decide on the desired effect: root volume, vertical curls, small curls or light waves.

There are several types of perm, depending on the composition used. They all have different effects in terms of duration and type of curls.

For several years now the most popular method has been acid perm. The main component in the composition is glyceryl monothioglycolate with an acidity level of 6.9 - 7.2. Women fell in love with it for its long-lasting effect (up to six months). The composition penetrates deep into the hair under the influence of high temperature through its cuticle, without lifting the scales. In order for the curls to turn out strong and pronounced, the strands must be well stretched on the curlers, otherwise the curls will turn out weak and uneven in shape. Acid perm is not recommended for dry, brittle, damaged or sensitive scalps. The acid in the curling product can cause additional dryness and flaking.
Alkaline perm has a neutrality level of pH 8 – 9.5. It is not as persistent as acidic. The effect lasts only 3 months, and on heavy, thick hair - about 1.5 months - it unwinds under its own weight. This perm is recommended for use for unruly hair or if the previous perm was weak. The main component of the alkaline perm preparation is ammonium thioglycolate, it opens the hair scales and penetrates inside, changing its structure. The result is a cool natural curl. The procedure takes less time than acid perm, plus it is less traumatic for hair health due to the lack of thermal effects. It is very important to observe the required exposure time of the composition and not exceed it, so as not to harm the hair. The curler must be able to work with the chemical composition to prevent damage to the hair structure and chemical burns to the scalp. Under the influence of alkali, the hair becomes larger in volume, so it must be curled, but not overdo it. Too much tension can lead to uneven distribution of the compound and, as a result, damage.
Neutral perm has an acidity level of pH – 7.4. The result is structured natural curls, but less pronounced than the previous two curling methods. The composition takes into account the distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic zones of the hair, balancing their balance. This method of long-lasting curling is best used for soft, light and thin hair - it is safer than acid and alkaline chemicals.
Amino acid perm– one of the safest methods of long-term styling. The styling composition includes amino acids and proteins, as well as the active substance cysteamine, which has a healing effect on the hair structure. Due to its composition rich in amino acids, this perm has a restorative function and minimizes the harmful effects of chemicals. After the procedure, the hair shines and shines, looks healthier and smoother. It is best used on soft, thin, light hair; the curl on it can last up to six months.
Perm with silk proteins, or silk perm stays on hair for up to 2 months. The main component of the drug is silk proteins, known for their positive effect on brittle, dry and colored hair. Silk wave curling is recommended for short and medium length hair.
Perm with thioglycolic acid is not very durable. The effect after the procedure lasts only a month, but this is one of the most delicate methods of long-term styling. It is acceptable to use it even on colored and thin hair.
. This is a relatively new method of curling and is considered the most delicate for hair. Ammonia, thioglycolic acid and replaced with a special composition that contains components similar to hair molecules. This styling gives long-lasting, natural curls, while the hair retains a healthy and beautiful shine. Bio-curling lasts quite a long time - 3 - 6 months, and the effect on curly hair can last up to 9 months. Biowave is carried out in three stages:

The hair is wrapped in curlers of different sizes, and a protein-rich composition is applied for curling;
The following drug, when applied, affects the protein, causing it to thicken;
At this stage, a special product restores the acid-base balance and the curls are fixed. looks natural, recommended for normal and. For thin, bleached and hair prone to hair loss, such long-term styling is not recommended. Bio-curling should be entrusted to an experienced professional, since the result depends on the specialist’s ability to carry out the curling and the quality of the compositions used.

Types of perm depending on the method of curling

The shape of the curls depends not only on the chosen perm preparation, but also on the method of doing this hair curling. The stylist chooses a method for curling curls, focusing not only on the client’s wishes, but also on the structure of his hair, its condition, his face shape and figure.

American way of curling It is carried out on hair no shorter than the shoulders, because large curlers are used. Due to this, creases do not form, and with natural hair growth, the border between curled and regrown strands will be invisible. This type of curls is suitable for those with large facial features; the curls will beautifully highlight the beauty of the face, softening the image. The curls look very natural and are defined and textured.
Vertical curl Use only for long hair. It adds volume and thickness to the hair and looks very romantic and elegant. To create this hairstyle, long spiral curlers are required. The hair is wound from roots to ends, with the bobbin itself positioned perpendicular to the plane of the head. Vertical curling looks very impressive and fresh, but has one important drawback - as the hair grows, the border between the regrown and curled hair will be clearly visible.
Horizontal perm Suitable for hair of any length. The curlers are placed horizontally in relation to the plane of the head, and are wound in the direction from the ends of the hair up to the roots.
Double wrap It is used only on long and very long hair, using curlers of different sizes: smaller at the roots, larger along the length. At the same time, they should be wound towards each other for a uniform result.
Perfect for those with thin and soft hair curling hair ends. It can also be used for girls with a cascading haircut. This long-lasting styling will emphasize the structure of the hairstyle and make the lower part of the face a little fuller. So this type of curl is ideal for those with a triangular face shape. Hair will look well-groomed and neat even as hair grows.
Root perm used to add volume. Most often used on short haircuts, but there are no restrictions; if you think that your hair needs additional volume, then you can do this long-term styling for any hair length. Root perm is also used for hair regrowth if chemistry was previously carried out to erase the border between curled and straight hair.
Trapezoidal twist adds volume along the length of the hair, excluding the root zone. Curling begins from the lower occipital part, bobbins are attached to the frame to maintain the trapezoid shape.
French bubble method appeared thanks to the specialists of the brand. The main difference from other methods is that the curling composition is whipped into foam before application, which ensures active oxygenation and acceptable temperature conditions. As a result, the curls look natural, so this styling method is suitable even for men.

The price of a perm directly depends on the styling composition and its type, on the length and thickness of the hair.

What to look for when choosing a perm

The composition of the curling preparation and the method of curling the strands are very important, but what to pay attention to when choosing a hairstyle in order to get the intended effect:

Sensitivity. Neutral chemicals or suitable for those with sensitive scalps.
Hair thickness. For thick and thick hair, it is easier to maintain a given shape, while thin, unruly hair is more demanding on the composition of the perm product.
Hair condition. Damaged and brittle hair requires preliminary treatment.
Face shape and body type. To create a harmonious image, it is necessary to take into account the features of appearance. For example, for a round face it is undesirable to use large curls, but for a triangular face curling the ends of the hair is suitable.

- the most common type of perm, its classic composition, which is found in almost every brand of professional hair cosmetics. It is the most powerful and effective, but at the same time it can easily damage the hair and has an unpleasant odor.

Acid perm

Acid perm is another type of perm, much less popular. This type of perm has a different active ingredient than alkaline perms. This feature slightly changes the properties of the perm composition, making it slower and softer.

Acid-balanced perm

Acid-balanced perm is a direct descendant of acid perm. You could even say that this is a softer modification of it. The composition of the perm is very similar to the acid perm, however, in this type of perm the pH is 7.8-8.2 and it works at room temperature. This made the curl easier to apply and more durable.

This type of perm can be recommended for porous, weakened and damaged hair, as well as for obtaining curls and waves close to natural. On hair with normal structure, it gives a weaker result.

Neutral perm

Neutral perm or it is also called weakly alkaline or buffered alkaline perm. This type of perm is made on the basis of ordinary alkaline and uses the same active chemical component - ammonium thioglycolate. However, to make it softer and less aggressive than its ancestor, the pH of this curl was reduced to 7-8.5. To achieve this, the content of alkaline substances, such as ammonia and ethanolamine, was reduced in the composition of the curling iron. To ensure that the curling does not lose its effectiveness, a buffer substance ammonium bicarbonate was added to its composition, which maintains the product necessary for the operation during the entire holding time.

Indeed, such a change in the composition of the perm allowed us to obtain a softer product, which took an intermediate position between fine and acid perms, combining all the advantages of one and the other variety in its composition. Neutral curling works more evenly than its predecessors on hair with an uneven structure, allowing you to get a good result. However, this curling option changes about 30% of the disulfide bonds, resulting in a fairly weak curl. And despite all attempts to prevent damage to the hair structure, this product still damages the hair and special hair care will still be needed after use.

Perms without thioglycolic acid are the youngest type of perms that give a very light “natural” wave. They use analogues of thioglycolates, which have a name similar to cysteine. This makes it possible to often confuse clients by imagining the naturalness and naturalness of the procedure being carried out. It is worth noting that the deceivers also benefit from the fact that the smell of such drugs can be suppressed with fragrances and the compositions themselves often smell pleasant.

Biosavik for hair

Biohair curler is the most controversial hair curling product. This is a successful marketing ploy by one of the cosmetics suppliers, which has gained enormous popularity due to the desire of customers to have curled hair, but not damage it.

Thanks to which molecules of inorganic and organic substances are formed. A chemical bond appears through the interaction of electric fields that are created by the nuclei and electrons of atoms. Therefore, the formation of a covalent chemical bond is associated with electrical nature.

What is a connection

This term refers to the result of the action of two or more atoms, which lead to the formation of a strong polyatomic system. The main types of chemical bonds are formed when the energy of reacting atoms decreases. In the process of bond formation, atoms try to complete their electron shell.

Types of communication

In chemistry, there are several types of bonds: ionic, covalent, metallic. Covalent chemical bonds have two types: polar and non-polar.

What is the mechanism for its creation? A covalent nonpolar chemical bond is formed between atoms of identical nonmetals that have the same electronegativity. In this case, common electron pairs are formed.

Non-polar bond

Examples of molecules that have a nonpolar covalent chemical bond include halogens, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.

This connection was first discovered in 1916 by the American chemist Lewis. At first he put forward a hypothesis, and it was confirmed only after experimental confirmation.

Covalent chemical bonding is related to electronegativity. For non-metals it has a high value. During the chemical interaction of atoms, the transfer of electrons from one atom to another is not always possible; as a result, they combine. A genuine covalent chemical bond appears between the atoms. The 8th grade of the regular school curriculum involves a detailed examination of several types of communication.

Substances that have this type of bond under normal conditions are liquids, gases, as well as solids that have a low melting point.

Types of covalent bond

Let's look at this issue in more detail. What are the types of chemical bonds? Covalent bonds exist in exchange and donor-acceptor versions.

The first type is characterized by the donation of one unpaired electron by each atom to the formation of a common electronic bond.

Electrons combined into a common bond must have opposite spins. As an example of this type of covalent bond, consider hydrogen. When its atoms come closer, their electron clouds penetrate into each other, which in science is called overlapping of electron clouds. As a result, the electron density between the nuclei increases, and the energy of the system decreases.

At a minimum distance, the hydrogen nuclei repel each other, resulting in a certain optimal distance.

In the case of the donor-acceptor type of covalent bond, one particle has electrons and is called a donor. The second particle has a free cell in which a pair of electrons will be located.

Polar molecules

How are covalent polar chemical bonds formed? They arise in situations where the nonmetal atoms being bonded have different electronegativity. In such cases, the shared electrons are placed closer to the atom whose electronegativity value is higher. As an example of a covalent polar bond, we can consider the bonds that arise in the hydrogen bromide molecule. Here the public electrons, which are responsible for forming a covalent bond, are closer to bromine than to hydrogen. The reason for this phenomenon is that bromine has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen.

Methods for determining covalent bonds

How to define covalent polar chemical bonds? To do this, you need to know the composition of the molecules. If it contains atoms of different elements, there is a polar covalent bond in the molecule. Nonpolar molecules contain atoms of one chemical element. Among the tasks that are offered as part of a school chemistry course, there are those that involve identifying the type of connection. Tasks of this type are included in the final certification tasks in chemistry in grade 9, as well as in the tests of the unified state exam in chemistry in grade 11.

Ionic bond

What is the difference between covalent and ionic chemical bonds? If a covalent bond is characteristic of nonmetals, then an ionic bond is formed between atoms that have significant differences in electronegativity. For example, this is typical for compounds of elements of the first and second groups of the main subgroups of the PS (alkali and alkaline earth metals) and elements of the 6th and 7th groups of the main subgroups of the periodic table (chalcogens and halogens).

It is formed as a result of the electrostatic attraction of ions with opposite charges.

Features of ionic bonding

Since the force fields of oppositely charged ions are distributed evenly in all directions, each of them is capable of attracting particles of opposite sign. This characterizes the non-directionality of the ionic bond.

The interaction of two ions with opposite signs does not imply complete mutual compensation of individual force fields. This helps to maintain the ability to attract ions in other directions, therefore, unsaturation of the ionic bond is observed.

In an ionic compound, each ion has the ability to attract to itself a number of others of opposite sign to form a crystal lattice of an ionic nature. There are no molecules in such a crystal. Each ion is surrounded in a substance by a certain specific number of ions of a different sign.

Metal connection

This type of chemical bond has certain individual characteristics. Metals have an excess number of valence orbitals and a deficiency of electrons.

When individual atoms come together, their valence orbitals overlap, which facilitates the free movement of electrons from one orbital to another, creating a bond between all metal atoms. These free electrons are the main feature of a metallic bond. It does not have saturation and directionality, since the valence electrons are distributed evenly throughout the crystal. The presence of free electrons in metals explains some of their physical properties: metallic luster, ductility, malleability, thermal conductivity, opacity.

Type of covalent bond

It is formed between a hydrogen atom and an element that has high electronegativity. There are intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. This type of covalent bond is the weakest; it appears due to the action of electrostatic forces. The hydrogen atom has a small radius, and when this one electron is displaced or given away, hydrogen becomes a positive ion, acting on the atom with high electronegativity.

Among the characteristic properties of a covalent bond are: saturation, directionality, polarizability, polarity. Each of these indicators has a specific meaning for the compound being formed. For example, directionality is determined by the geometric shape of the molecule.

Curls are an ideal option for those with thin hair that lacks volume. This hairstyle creates the impression of density and strength of curls, giving the appearance of romanticism and femininity. To create certain curls, specialists use different types of perms.

Acid and amino acid perm

Initially, thioglycolic or mercaptoacetic acid was used to create this styling. These are universal substances that, depending on additional components, contribute to hair coloring, curling, and are even included in the composition of some depilatory creams. The operating principle of the technology is based on the ability of acids to penetrate deeply into the structure of the strands.

Hairdressers use acid perm only in exceptional cases. For example, if the hair is heavy and thick. It's just that no other method will be effective enough here. When working with soft formulations, curls will last no longer than 1.5 months.

This technology for structuring strands has many disadvantages. The technique is characterized by a pungent odor and harsh effect. Due to the large number of side effects and contraindications, it is now performed using balanced acid mixtures. Unlike the vast majority of perm methods, it does not have a detrimental effect on curls.

Types of techniques:

Endothermic. To carry out the reaction, the head is heated by external heat sources. This could be a hairdryer or a special stand. This method was very common in the 70s and 80s in the Soviet Union.
Exothermic. Here, heating is carried out due to the reaction itself. The method refers to new technologies. It is more gentle and can be used for curling dyed or highlighted hair.

Acid perm is carried out according to the standard scheme. First, a softening composition is applied to the curls, which somewhat “dissolves” the upper stratum corneum of the hair. After that, an aggressive acid is smeared onto the strand, fixing the curl in a certain position. Neat plastic curlers are used to curl hair. Rarely - elastic bands on which curls are wound.

This technique was first proposed in the second half of the 20th century by scientists and part-time hairdressers-stylists Ralph Evans and Everetta McDonahue. A rather aggressive mixture of ammonium and glycolic acid is used as an activator and curl fixer.

How to do an alkaline perm:

For this purpose, not ordinary papillots with a solid base are used, but rather unique tampons. They are impregnated with an alkaline composition, after which strands of hair are wound onto them.
This mixture is kept for up to 40 minutes and washed off with plain water without shampoo. Unlike modern techniques, there is no need to reapply the fixative.
The resulting curls are slightly straightened and the styling is considered complete.

This is an extremely effective but dangerous procedure. After it, the curls become brittle and dull. Alkali has the unpleasant property of destroying the hair shaft, which also increases the fragility of the follicles. A little later, in the 1980s, it was proposed to use balanced acid compositions. Nowadays alkali is used extremely rarely, because it is considered dangerous.

Almost all types of perms that exist use aggressive acids as permanent compounds. They eat away the top layer of hair. As a result, the strands become lifeless and brittle. In contrast, neutral perm is carried out with substances with a low pH.

As an additional component, the composition of the products for such styling includes allantoin. It is a product of urea oxidation obtained by processing urea. Its main property is softening the stratum corneum and accelerating tissue regeneration. The substance helps restore strands after acid and normalize the functioning of the sebaceous glands.

Reviews claim that this is an alternative to the listed acidic options. This is the softest method of all types of perm, how you can give yourself long-lasting curls for medium hair. Often, a bioperm consists of only two components - a fixative and reducing substances. Cysteamine and glycolic acid are used as modeling components. These are completely natural components that are present in the human body.

As auxiliary products, keratin or marine complex, vitamins, amino acids and even oils can be found in the fixatives. The main advantage of the technique over all others is the ability to reconstruct hair without having a negative impact on it.

Silk

A delicate version of hair curling using ammonia-free preparations. It is suitable for those with long to medium fine hair. A special feature of the method is the presence of natural silk proteins in the active composition. Collagen and raffinose are additionally used to enrich hair. Raffinose is a type of reserve carbohydrate; it is able to retain moisture and strengthen the curl shaft.

The most famous product for this styling is the CHI complex. It does not contain any substances that injure the hair structure. This complex curl uses a quintessence consisting of curling lotions, an activator and a neutralizer. Unlike other similar products, there is no unpleasant odor from the hair after using a silk curler.

This is easy chemistry. It is not like any other type of hair perm, because, in essence, it is styling. There are different products for carving: Wella, Londa, Schwarzkof and Cutrin. The listed sets do not contain aggressive glycolic acid, instead they are enriched with carnitine and vitamin complexes.

The long-term installation technique has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of the technique include versatility (it is done for short, long and medium hair), durability, and the ability to change your hairstyle. On the downside: the curls become very dry, become brittle, and cannot be dried without a diffuser and styling products.

Japanese perm

Alkaline-free perm, done on highlights, ombre and bleached hair. It uses cysteine, matrix and betaine as active components. All of these are natural substances that are part of the keratinized particles of the human body, including hair.

Cysteine. Amino acid with high sulfur content. Considered a powerful antioxidant, protects the body from the effects of radiation;
Betaine. Trimethylaminoacetic acid. It is characterized by numerous positive effects on body tissues. Has a moisturizing, protecting, softening and strengthening effect.
Matrix. The component of hair that is responsible for the growth and development of follicles. It is used in cosmetics as a molecular component. Gives strands smoothness and strength, has a beneficial effect on the hair follicles.

This perm results in perfect large curls. Due to the large number of moisturizing components, such curls are bright, shiny, and elastic. But, unfortunately, this effect after curling lasts only 1 month. To further strengthen it, constant use of conditioners and balms is required.

Spiral American

Modern stylists classify this type of perm as a disco style. It was in the 80s of the last century that the trend of twisting strands on hairpins arose. They were placed perpendicular to the central parting. Thanks to this system, the resulting curls looked as natural as possible.

Despite the stereotype, such unconventional curls can be large, small, or medium. The most fashionable and labor-intensive option is the afro. In it, the hair is wound into countless thin curling irons. Biological compounds and light parchment are used as fixing agents.

Ways to curl strands

How the curl will look largely depends not only on the chosen type, but also on the method of winding the curlers, their diameter, and the general structure of the strands. What types of bobbins are there for perm:

Below in the list are the main methods of curling curling iron curlers, their photos and names:

There are also so-called unconventional methods of cheating. For example, triple or diagonal. These are very unique options that are suitable for creating spectacular evening hairstyles or curling very thick and long hair.

How beautiful curly hair looks! They make a woman a real coquette. Curly locks neatly frame her face and create a rather striking image. But it is very difficult for lovely ladies to do such styling every day. It takes about an hour. How to be? Submitting your hair to the power of chemicals? But this procedure significantly damages the hair. However, the problem can be solved without such harsh influence. Today, among hairdressing services, light perm - carving - is in great demand.

What is hair carving

Long straight hair has been in fashion for women for quite a long time. Today you can meet many representatives of the fair sex with beautiful curly locks. At the same time, women make curls on both long and short hair. The hairdressing service of hair carving helps them a lot in this.

The name of the procedure came to us from English. Carving is translated as follows: “curly carving” or “carved work”. This interpretation is very similar in perception to the effect obtained after the procedure. Carving is also called light perm.

So, carving means long-term wave styling that lasts on straight hair for about two months. She is the one who helps women have beautiful curls without spending a lot of time.

Carving is suitable for different hair lengths

At its core, carving is a perm, which is done using special products that do not have a harsh effect on the hair. During the procedure, the scalp is also not affected. This long-term perm helps many girls not only gain curls, but also get rid of lack of volume, unruliness and tangling of hair.

The procedure is carried out using especially high-quality compounds. They are sold only in specialized outlets or on the Internet. Remember, in order not to harm your hair, hair carving products must be purchased from trusted stores.

Important! It must be remembered that hair after the carving procedure requires very careful care. Be sure to choose only hair products that do not contain sulfates, silicones and aggressive additives so that the effect lasts as long as possible. A repeated winner of natural cosmetics ratings is Mulsan cosmetic. This brand produces exclusively safe products without aggressive chemical components. All cosmetics are suitable for use both after the carving procedure and after the Botox and keratin straightening procedures. We confidently recommend the official online store mulsan.ru

What is hair carving and how is it done - video

Why do you need hair carving and how often can it be done?

In addition to the desire of the woman herself to have curls, carving can be resorted to in the following cases:

if your hair is oily. The procedure will dry them well. After it, the need to wash your hair will arise less often;
if your hair is coarse. After carving, the curls on your head will be much easier to style;
if your hair is thin and unruly. After carving, the strands will look voluminous and wavy;
if there is not enough time for daily styling;
if you want to radically change your image.

Carving can be done every 2–3 months.

Carving on hair looks impressive

Benefits and harms, advantages and disadvantages of carving

Carving, as a procedure, has its positive and negative sides.

Advantages of the procedure

The advantages of carving include:

gentle effect on hair;
the existence of several options for long-term curling (small curls, medium curls and large curls);
preservation of hair styling after carving for much longer;
natural and very natural styling. Compared with chemistry, when carving, the hair does not look burnt;
long-lasting effect: on regular hair, beautiful curls last 1–3 months, and on colored hair - for six months;
no need to restore dry hair ends. Since the carving composition has a very gentle effect on the hair structure. The wavy effect will go away on its own over time;
budget cost, so any woman can use the service.

Harmful effects and consequences of light perm

The disadvantages of carving include:

the need to create a styling, the hairstyle does not always look perfect. You still have to apply force to it and apply styling products to your hair before shaping it;
lack of pronounced curls. This effect can only be achieved with the help of biowave;
the carving effect may end unexpectedly. Curls may straighten ahead of time or go away gradually;
possible change in the shade of dyed hair after the procedure;
no effect on very thick and thick hair;
maintaining an unpleasant odor on the hair for some time.

Contraindications for long-term perm

There are situations when this modern procedure is not recommended:

if a woman has brittle, damaged and also severely split hair;
if the head has just been dyed with hair dye. You can safely go for light chemotherapy if two weeks have already passed, but if not, it’s better to wait;
if a woman has a tendency to allergic reactions;
when taking certain medications, in particular when treating with hormonal therapy;
if your hair is dry and bleached. Women with other previous perms are at risk.

The procedure can be performed on pregnant women and nursing mothers. However, it should be remembered that the chemical composition for curling has a rather pungent odor.

The difference between hair carving and bio-curling and chemicals

Carving, bio- and chemical perm help create long-term styling. They only differ from each other in the following ways:

less time to maintain the effect of carving compared to chemical or bio-perm;
a more gentle effect on curls with light curling than with chemicals, since the composition of the carving does not penetrate into the hair structure itself;
hair care during bio-curling, since the composition of the product used in this procedure includes the necessary biological protein, which is not found in carving and chemical products.

The choice of procedure will depend entirely on the woman’s wishes. Only she must decide what she needs: long-term styling, healthy hair or a gentle effect.

Types of hair carving

Carving is done in several versions. Main types:

traditional perm. After it, the waves are distributed evenly along the entire length. To obtain curls, curlers are used, which are twisted on the hair;
vertical curl. Instead of ordinary curlers, vertical curlers are used (or else they are called spiral). The curl is suitable for both short and long hair. The styling effect is mesmerizing: pronounced curly curls with amazing volume;
texturing. This type is often used when you need to finalize some hairstyle. The result is always original. With the help of curlers, accents are made on the hair in the right places and thereby create a special style;
local perm. This method is used when you want to lift your hair at the roots. For these purposes, the master does not wind the curlers along the entire length of the hair, but only at its base. This method also works in reverse. For example, when you only need to curl one end.

Features of the procedure for short, medium, long hair and possible combinations with haircuts

Light chemistry has its own characteristics. Of course, it is better to do the procedure in a salon. Specialists in their field will be able to perform carving neat and beautiful. It is not always possible to get the desired curls at home.

Before the procedure, be sure to take into account the length of your hair. Carving works best for medium hair. Of course, it can be done on short and long ones, you just need to choose the right curlers. For example, for very short hair, small curls wrapped in small bobbins are best.

For short hair, it is best to choose small curls

The thickness and thickness of the hair is also of particular importance in this procedure. Strong hair may not be able to be curled or the result may not be as beautiful. Carving is suitable for owners of thin and sparse strands - the hair will become voluminous and manageable.

Bangs always make your hairstyle unique. However, carving does not always go well with it. So, small curls are not suitable for bangs. But medium, soft waves will look good. Another look with bangs will be well decorated by curling just the ends.

For those with bangs, a light perm may not be suitable.

Carving without bangs is popular. In this version, the curls frame the woman’s face very beautifully, making the whole image much more interesting.

A bob haircut and carving are very suitable for each other. At the same time, the curls themselves can be either voluminous or very small. There may or may not be bangs.

Carving and cascading haircuts also look very good. This image will decorate a woman of any age.

Curls look impressive in combination with a cascading haircut

Types of curlers and curl sizes

To create carving, different types of curlers are used:

volumetric. With their help they create very large curls. The result is romantic waves with good root volume;
bobbins. The diameter of these devices is very small. Due to their size, they allow you to create African curls;
spiral. These special bobbins are shaped like a spiral. They are always used for vertical curling. Practice has shown that spiral curls last longer than regular ones. These curlers allow you to create many curly curls that visualize volume well;
boomerangs (rollerballs). They have different diameters and a special material - soft foam rubber with wire. Well suited for both large and small curls.

Types of curlers - photo

Volumetric curlers allow you to create large, soft curls
Thanks to the bobbins, you get small, perky curls. Spiral curlers create the effect of waves on the hair.

Soft boomerang curlers are easy to use and can be used to create curls of any size.

Depending on the size of the curlers used, you can get different curls:

large. To create them, take large-diameter curlers. The curls they produce are quite large;
average. Here they take bobbins with a medium diameter. The result will delight its owner with airiness and fluffiness;
small. To create them, only bobbins of very small diameter are suitable. The resulting volume is stunning.

What carving looks like with large, medium and small curlers - photo

Curling with large-diameter curlers allows you to get beautiful large curls Medium-sized curlers can be used on hair of different lengths and creates pronounced curls Curling with bobbins allows you to create small and very voluminous curls

How is carving done and how long does the procedure take?

Carving technology is not very complicated. Its technology is the same as perm. The entire process takes approximately 2–3 hours, depending on the characteristics of the woman’s hair. The whole procedure consists of the following steps:

Preparation. This stage, like others, will be carried out by a master in the salon. First, he selects the necessary curlers and prepares the preparation. Then he washes the client’s hair and lightly pats her hair with a towel. After this, the woman sits in a chair. The master covers her shoulders with a protective cloth and combs her hair well.
Hair Styling. From the total mass of hair, the master selects only those strands that will need to be curled initially and winds them according to hairdressing techniques.
Application of a special composition. The hair is moistened with it after the curling of the hair is completed. Reagents allow the hair to hold curls for a long time.
Spin resistance. To create the desired effect, curled hair moistened with the composition is left alone for 10–20 minutes. The exact exposure time depends on the brand of the product. The master periodically checks how the process of obtaining a curl is going. To do this, he unwinds one curler at a time.
Flushing. When time has passed, the composition is washed off with warm water, without untwisting the curlers. Excess water is simply blotted off.
Application of neutralizer. With its help, the curls are fixed in a given position.
Removing the curlers. The master spins all the curlers backwards.
Washing off the composition.
Drying hair with a hairdryer.

Composition of the preparation for carving

The main requirement for the composition is the absence of ammonia. The component thioglycolate is also prohibited. If these rules are followed, the carving product can be considered gentle.

The composition of the preparation for carving is different for all manufacturers. Especially valued are those products where there is more biological basis than chemical components. This combination allows for a very gentle effect on the hair structure. Stylists recommend the following brands:

London;
L'Oreal;
Schwarzkopf;
Wella.

For example, Londa's long-term curling product allows you to get a clear curl in just 10 minutes. This is because it contains special fast-acting ingredients that the manufacturers intentionally included.

Among the popular brands, the following compositions can also be distinguished: Trendline from Goldwell, GOLDWELL, Indola and others.

How to properly do carving at home: step-by-step instructions

You can make your own carving at home. To complete it you will need:

two bowls:
curlers (shape and size as desired);
two sponges, like for the kitchen;
gloves (pair);
two combs;
a plastic cap or a piece of this material;
cotton tourniquet;
towel;
a sheet or towel to cover your shoulders;
elastic bands;
chemical mixture for carving and fixer.

To create curls you must follow the following instructions:

Rinse your hair well and pat dry hair with a towel.
Comb your hair thoroughly.
Divide your hair into sections.
Curl the resulting strands with curlers.
Take the product from a pre-purchased kit and blot your curlers with it.
After all your hair is wet, put a plastic cap on top and cover your head with a warm scarf (you can use a towel).
Look in the instructions for the operating time of the composition and wait for it.
Wash your hair without shampoo; do not remove the curlers.
Apply the special fixative from the kit on top.
Unwind your hair and rinse your hair, again without shampoo.
Dry the resulting curls.

To keep your curls longer after home carving, you can use the following remedy: mix water and 5% vinegar until it tastes sour and rinse your hair with it.

Hair curling step by step - video

How long does the effect last after the procedure?

The effect of carving can last from one to six months (depending on the characteristics of the hair). But on average, brightly highlighted curls last 2-3 months. Over time, hair grows, so the shape of the curls themselves changes. They just start to fall off. However, carving can be repeated after 3–4 months.

To extend the life of light chemicals, you need to properly care for your hair. Here are some tips:

After the procedure itself, it is necessary to allow the hair to remember the shape that it was just given. For these purposes, it is not advisable to use a hair dryer when drying. You just need to dry your curls naturally or, as a last resort, use a diffuser;
after the procedure, do not wash your hair for two days;
when combing, use only wide-toothed combs;
replace your shampoo with a special product for textured hair;
Constantly use balms, nourishing masks and other effective care products. They will significantly improve the condition of your hair;
dry your hair carefully after washing, blot rather than wring;
dry your hair daily only naturally;
Do not go to bed if your hair is wet or damp. They should be dried first;
Do not use products that contain alcohol. This component harms both the curl and the hair itself.

After curling, it is best to dry your hair naturally; in extreme cases, you can use a hair dryer with a diffuser attachment

If a lady wants to create a natural style on her head, then she will need to apply a little hair foam to a light perm and dry it with a diffuser. You can also style your head using large curlers.

If a woman suddenly has a desire to straighten her curls, she can do this with the help of a straightening iron. Just before styling, you will need to apply a protective product to your hair. You can also dry your hair with a hairdryer, stretching out curly hair using brushing.

To make the look perfect, you need to know how to style your hair after carving.

Be sure to use the following tools: moisturizing lotion, comb, foam or mousse, hair dryer with a diffuser attachment;
First, wash your hair. Use a special shampoo, and make a nourishing mask every seven days;
Dry your hair with a towel, or rather just pat it dry;
Gently comb your hair;
Apply the fixative, slightly away from the hair roots.
Start styling your curls using a hairdryer and comb.
If you need to straighten your curls a little, then when styling, lightly pull the comb down or use a straightening iron.
You can also use styling for curly hair.

Indola curl product perfectly defines curls

How to style curly hair - video

How to care for your hair after perming

According to many girls, after carving, hair becomes a little harsh and unruly. Therefore, some ladies, after the wavy effect ends, simply cut them off. To mitigate the effects of carving you need to:

periodically cut the ends for complete hair restoration;
use only special hair care products;
use combs with natural bristles.