The gift of nature, which is young and healthy skin, needs constant support and care. The skin is made up of the epidermis and dermis. The dermis (deep layer of the skin) contains cells that synthesize collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid, which give the skin elasticity. The epidermis (surface layer of the skin) has numerous layers of cells that, moving into the outer layers, die and exfoliate. If this process slows down, the skin begins to age or its surface becomes uneven (wrinkles, wide pores, scars)
Peeling is a procedure that corrects the process of skin renewal, has a good therapeutic and cosmetic effect and can be recommended both at a young and at a more mature age. Peeling (peel - husk) - a procedure that, through exfoliation of the upper layers of dead epithelium, cleanses and renews the skin. When the old layer of cells is removed, the process of skin renewal starts, its elasticity improves significantly. As a result, irregularities, fine wrinkles, pigmentation are removed.
The formulation of modern professional peels is aimed not only at exfoliation, but also at carrying active ingredients into the deep layers of the skin (dermis). This feature of the peeling technique allows you to achieve a greater rejuvenating effect without visible peeling of the skin. In our clinic, such methods are widely used, thanks to which the treatment is carried out without interruption from an active, habitual lifestyle.
Peeling classification
Depending on the destroyed skin layer, there are:
- superficial peeling
- medium peeling
- deep peeling
By way of influence:
- cosmetic peeling
- mechanical peeling
- ultrasonic peeling
- chemical peeling
- enzymatic peeling
Mechanism of action of peels
- Damage to the upper layers of the skin
- Development of a positive inflammatory response in the epidermis and dermis
- Activation of protective and regenerative mechanisms of cell vital activity
- Increased collagen synthesis in the dermis
- Epithelialization is a natural recovery process, after which the epidermis is renewed, and the newly formed cells correct the unevenness of your skin.
Indications for the use of peeling
- Dry, oily skin, aging skin
- Pigmentation, including post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
- Wrinkles, both superficial and deep, stretch marks
- Acne (acne disease), post-acne scars
The effect of peeling (whitening, rejuvenation, depigmentation, cleansing)
- Improves skin texture and color
- The skin is smoothed and strengthened
- Wrinkles are smoothed out
- The oval of the face is corrected by increasing the elasticity of the skin
- Discoloration of superficial pigment spots
- Large pores, bumps, scars are eliminated
Our Clinic employs experienced cosmetologists who will select professional peeling for you, taking into account the type of skin, age, and the required therapeutic and cosmetic effect.
Procedure
Facial peeling: reviews
From adolescence, I did not like my reflection in the mirror, and summer was generally a nightmare for me. The skin is uneven, with pimples, shines. And only at the age of 40, thanks to a chance, I met her: an experienced and attentive cosmetologist Oksana Zheludova. During the year of our meetings with her and regular procedures, I especially like peels and masks, my attitude towards myself has changed. I run my hand over my face, and I can't believe it's my skin, smooth and soft. Before, I didn’t go to GUM, because there are a lot of mirrors, although I adored this store, but now I go with pleasure and enjoy my reflection in them. Oksana, thank you very much!
I really like the beautician Trofimova Valentina Ivanovna. I especially like her light peels. Everyone will tell you what and how. All steps are carried out very professionally. And he will cleanse the skin very gently, and apply peeling gently, and always put a soothing mask. Over the mask, Valentina Ivanovna wraps her face in such an interesting way, you feel like in a cocoon, protected and relaxed. Even fatigue passes. But this is like an addition, and the main thing is the result. My skin is fragile, thin and sensitive. But at the same time, after peeling procedures, it always looks great. That's how a pro works!
Sincerely, P-va A.V.
Chemical peels are a popular non-surgical way to cleanse and rejuvenate the skin. The essence of the procedure is a controlled burn of the skin with chemical compounds, in which healthy cells receive a powerful impulse to divide, as a result, the horny and underlying layers of the epidermis are updated. At the same time, the old cells accumulated in the horny and underlying layers of the epidermis gradually exfoliate, the skin takes on a fresh look and gets rid of many cosmetic problems. Chemical peeling (“to peel” translated from English means to peel or remove the skin), unlike mechanical cleaning, has a milder effect on the skin. There are compounds that injure the skin to a minimal extent and work as solvents for dead epidermal cells. Most often, organic acids are used for these.
Types of chemical peels:
- Superficial chemical peel- active ingredients work at the level of the stratum corneum and rarely affect the shiny granular layer underlying it. Usually, fruit acids are used for light chemical peels, which gently cleanse and heal the skin, improve its structure and appearance. Find out more about the types of surface peels
- Medium chemical peel- active substances affect all layers of the epidermis, fragmentarily destroy the basement membrane and penetrate to the papillary dermis. For median chemical peels, compositions with a high percentage of organic acids are used - the procedure is suitable for skin rejuvenation and the elimination of visible age-related changes. Learn more about the types of median peels and the method of the procedure.
- Deep chemical peel- active substances completely destroy the basement membrane, penetrate into the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis. With the help of deep chemical peeling, serious cosmetic imperfections, such as scars and persistent age spots, can be eliminated. For the destruction of the skin, phenolic and trichloroacetic acids are used at a concentration of 30%. Deep chemical peeling is an extremely painful procedure, and, moreover, requires a long rehabilitation period. Learn more about indications and contraindications for deep peeling.
Chemical peels: mechanism of action on the skin and active substances
When a peeling composition is applied to the skin, a chemical burn occurs, in response to which regenerative processes are triggered and skin cells begin to actively renew themselves. It is important that fibroblasts are drawn into the process, which leads to the activation of the production of collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans and enzymes. The result is natural hydration (due to its own hyaluronic acid) and compaction (due to collagen fibers) of the skin.
For chemical peels, alpha-hydroxy acids, enzymes and biologically active substances (retinol and peptides) are used:
Beta hydroxy acids (BHA)- These are chemicals consisting of large molecules with a low ability to penetrate tissues. In cosmetology, salicylic acid, which belongs to this group, is used, which is characterized by high activity, long-term action and slow elimination from the body.
Chemical peeling: indications
Chemical peeling is a universal procedure that is used with pleasure by both young and old patients, who often have similar problems. In adolescence (usually the procedure is performed on patients over the age of 18, but in some cases cleaning can be recommended from the age of 14), chemical peeling is done to get rid of acne and reduce oily skin. In middle age (up to 35 years), chemical peels are mainly used to eliminate post-acne, hyperpigmentation and to prevent age-related changes. In adulthood, chemical peels are most often used to refresh and improve skin texture.
The main problems that chemical peels can solve are:
- hyperfunction of the sebaceous glands (oily skin);
- enlarged pores;
- comedones and sebaceous plugs;
- acne and acne;
- dull complexion;
- dark spots;
- shallow wrinkles;
- decrease in turgor;
- hyperkeratosis and uneven skin relief;
- small scars, including those left after acne.
Chemical peeling: contraindications
- any skin diseases, including dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis;
- the possibility of an allergic reaction to the components of the chemical composition;
- hypersensitivity and tendency of the skin to irritation;
- the likelihood of keloid scars;
- herpes rashes;
- fresh wounds, scratches and other skin damage in the treatment area;
- pregnancy and lactation;
- the first days of menstruation;
- exacerbation of acne and fresh pustular rashes;
- some cardiovascular and mental diseases;
- blood clotting disorder;
- inflammatory and infectious diseases in the acute stage;
- diabetes;
- increased body temperature;
- neoplasms (including warts, moles, nevi) in the treatment area.
Chemical peeling: negative consequences of the procedure
- persistent erythema (redness);
- swelling of the face;
- hyperpigmentation;
- excessive peeling;
- irritation and inflammation of the skin;
- exacerbation of skin diseases;
- herpes rashes;
- allergic dermatitis;
- "marbling" of the skin;
- demarcation line (clear boundary between treated and non-treated areas of the skin);
- keloid and hypertrophic scars;
- exacerbation of acne.
Complications after chemical peeling are directly related to violation of the rules of the procedure, neglect of contraindications and improper skin care in the post-peeling period.
All complications after chemical peeling can be divided into two parts: some arise through the fault of the cosmetologist, others - through the fault of the patient. The first group can include erythema (redness) that does not go away for more than two days. You should be aware that after superficial peeling, redness most often disappears within a few hours, and in the case of deep peeling (for example, phenol peeling), it can last for several months. Causes of prolonged redness (and possibly inflammation of the skin): too high concentration of the active substance, incorrectly selected exposure time and inconsistency of the composition with the type of skin. All these problems can be avoided if you entrust chemical peeling to an experienced cosmetologist.
As for complications such as hyperpigmentation, in most cases the patient himself is to blame. After chemical peeling, the renewed skin reacts violently to the sun's rays with excessive production of melanin pigment, which is deposited in the form of spots that worsen the appearance of the skin, so chemical peels are recommended to be performed in the autumn-winter months and sunscreen must be applied to the skin after the procedure.
Attention: Some prohibitions on chemical peels are associated with a temporary altered skin reaction. For example, during pregnancy or during menstruation, the sensitivity of the skin increases, so even light formulations can cause a negative reaction - long-term redness, swelling, spots, and too active peeling.
Chemical peeling of the face: video
How much does a chemical peel cost? Prices for chemical peels
The price of a chemical peeling procedure depends on the composition used and the depth of exposure to the skin (although the prestige of the cosmetology institution and the skill level of the cosmetologist should be added here). The following table will help you navigate the prices of chemical peels:
|
name of chemical peel |
Type of peeling according to the depth of exposure |
The price of the procedure, from |
|
superficial median |
2 000 rubles |
|
|
median |
5 000 rubles |
|
|
Session with a beautician, during which the protocol specialist performs a skin cleansing procedure with a chemical composition. The active substance, its concentration and exposure time are chosen by the cosmetologist based on the goals of the procedure and the condition of the patient's skin.
Post-peel care. The main task of this important stage is to prevent complications and consolidate the result. At this time, it is necessary to use special cosmetics prescribed by a beautician (without fail - sunscreen), as well as not to sunbathe or go to the sauna. Is it possible and how to do a chemical peel at home?It is best to entrust any chemical peel to a professional. If the price of the procedure stops or there is no opportunity to visit the salon, some types of peelings can be done independently, for example, peeling with calcium chloride. Although it is better and more reliable to use ready-made "proprietary" formulations for home use, developed by leading cosmetic brands. Learn more about Renofaz peels |
Billing is an automated process that involves professional software. It analyzes how the signal passes through each cell, then sorts it and calculates what the cost of services will be for a particular owner. It is phone billing that forms the payment for telephone communication. After the call, he writes off as much money as indicated in your tariff plan.
Billing systems
Mobile phone billing is a complex process that requires modern, high-quality and powerful tools. Software, banking and legal support are the components of new technologies. It is because of this that the phone billing program exists only in large e-commerce companies and, of course, in regional cell companies.
The function of this new system is that it calculates the price for mobile services separately for each person. Programs save information about the time when the user called, the duration and other characteristics of conversations for a certain period (for a year or six months). Phone billing involves professional software that is used in the accounting calculations of telecommunications operators.
Load distribution
As a rule, cellular operators cooperate with each other. They install one station and share it without spending extra money on software. Usually, one operator installs a separate tower for himself in each city. In the countryside and on the motorway, several companies use one. The owner of this mobile station will be alone, but other operators pay him for rent, its cost is calculated based on the number of calls.
Internet traffic is also handled by billing systems. In this case, the subscriber will be charged at a separate rate. Every company is different. In one it is necessary to pay for the time spent on the Internet, in the other - for the transmitted and received information packages.
Billing features
Phone billing is based on a fairly simple principle. The switching node records all data, namely the duration and characteristics of the conversation. Further, all the information received is sent to the central station, where the calculation is made.
The software, which is installed in the central office, processes all data and keeps track of regulations, tariffs and rates. Phone billing contains all information about the user (tariff, availability of bonuses, rates for certain areas).
These modern databases store information about all payments of each client. This allows the settlement of withdrawals. High-quality and powerful computers are installed at billing stations, which allow you to make payments very quickly. Due to this, the result is almost instantly received on the subscribers' request about the state of the account.
The software also monitors the user's account status. The system has the ability to deactivate a subscriber. If a person has not replenished his account for a long time and does not use the services of a mobile company, then he is simply disconnected.
As you may have guessed, due to cell phone billing, a message pops up that the system cannot establish a connection with a zero bill. If you top up your phone balance, you can immediately use the services, the system connects them automatically.
Most mobile operators create a feedback function. It also controls cell phone billing. With it, by going to your personal account, you can replenish, disconnect, connect various services, change your tariff and much more.
If you go to the website of your mobile operator, you will be able to see your actions for the last month due to phone billing. You can see who you had conversations with, for how long and how much money you were charged for it.
Additional billing features: mobile surveillance
The mobile phone that we use for communication, like a camera, a video camera, a radio beacon, has some other functions. Now most crimes are investigated with the help of billing. This system is able to track all calls.
How can phone billing help in a murder investigation? It's simple, this system captures when we enter the Internet and where it happens, we call or send SMS.
With the help of new technologies, namely billing, many high-profile crimes have already been investigated and the perpetrators have been found.
Subscriber is always available
The mobile phone is a great human achievement, a new technology that has advanced progress. Unfortunately, this technology can also be used not for good, since a cellular one is a kind of radio beacon that will help track a person's location.
As we have already found out, the entire territory where there is a mobile connection is divided into cells. There are towers and special stations that have a specific address.
If you analyze the signal from a mobile phone, you can determine how far and where a person is (in a car, at home, on the street). Also, it is not difficult to determine the movement of the subscriber. You can take several towers and find out the route of a person with a small error.
Private billing
The first to use billing for investigations were private detectives. Of course, their actions violated the Criminal Code.
If it's forbidden, how did they get the information? The first way is to buy data from employees of a mobile company. But now it is not so easy, services have begun to deal with information leakage.
Now, in order to get data to detectives, you will need to pay $500. And in order to analyze it, to find out the movement of a person, you need to pay 1,500 dollars. In most cases, in order for an employee of a cellular company to become interested in this “business”, you need to constantly recognize the numbers in large numbers.
Another way is to ask the operatives you know about the mobile phone and the person who owns it. But this is quite a long time, the investigation may be delayed.
A necessary natural process of skin renewal is the exfoliation of the epidermis - the outer layer of the skin. In youth, this process goes unnoticed: cells periodically die off, and new cells come to replace them. However, with age, the processes slow down, and dead particles have to be removed manually or by hardware. This procedure is known as mechanical peeling. This is a kind of skin resurfacing without the use of chemicals.
You can cleanse your skin using the following products:
- powdered abrasives;
- jets of compressed air or water;
- various brushes and nozzles
- ultrasonic waves.
Modern techniques mechanical peeling allow you to carefully and accurately remove the top layer of the epidermis. After peeling, small wrinkles and acne marks disappear. There are no burns, as with chemical peeling of the skin. The layers of the epidermis that have worked out their resource are simply erased mechanically.
Indications for use
Mechanical peeling can be part of regular cosmetic procedures or carried out as part of a therapy aimed at eliminating individual skin defects. Peeling is suitable for both teenagers and people with mature and aging skin.
Mechanical peeling can solve a number of cosmetic problems such as:
- signs of photoaging;
- thickening of the outer layer of the epidermis;
- small mimic wrinkles;
- dark spots;
- small scars and scars;
- acne disease;
- comedones (black dots);
- atrophic scars (stretch marks);
- effects of acne treatment;
- enlarged pores.
Mechanical peeling allows you to achieve a lifting effect in a gentle way. The peeling procedure effectively helps fight age-related changes and activates cellular metabolism, starting the processes of skin rejuvenation. Peeling improves blood microcirculation, which has a positive effect on the protective function.
The main types of mechanical peeling
According to the degree of impact on the skin, mechanical peeling is superficial, median and deep. As a rule, in each individual case, the cosmetologist individually determines the strength of the mechanical effect of peeling. Depending on the type of apparatus and abrasives used, mechanical peeling is divided into several types.
Hand scrubbing
Peeling scrub is used at home and in salons. After preliminary preparation of the skin, scrubs are applied to its surface - substances consisting of small abrasive particles. These are natural and artificial powdered substances: sea salt, bran, ground coffee, bodyaga. Professional products include coral peeling Rose de Mer. These are specially created compositions of abrasives from the well-known company "Christina" (Israel).
Mechanical dermabrasion
Exfoliation of dead cells is carried out using milling abrasive materials. Peeling involves layer-by-layer grinding of the epidermis with special devices. Skin irregularities and hyperpigmentation are removed, collagen production is enhanced. Peeling can be painful and is done under anesthesia if it is applied deeply.
Microcrystalline dermabrasion
In this type of peeling, the impact is carried out using a jet of compressed air with abrasive substances. As an abrasive, powders with sharp edges are used: aluminum or magnesium oxide, sea salt, soda, crushed apricot and cherry pits. Powder under pressure is fed to the surface of the epidermis and is immediately sucked back. As a result of peeling, dead cells are exfoliated, pores are cleansed and deep layers of the dermis are activated.
Diamond Dermabrasion
The beautician performs peeling with special nozzles coated with diamond dust. Diamond mechanical peeling is used on the face, arms, neck, shoulders, and other problem areas of the skin. This is a more gentle mechanical resurfacing that restores healthy skin structure.
Brossage
Peeling is the removal of dead skin cells with the help of special brushes. Peeling cream is applied to problem areas and the surface is treated along the massage lines with rotating nozzles. Brushes "sweep" all impurities and polish the epidermis. The rotation speed is chosen by the beautician based on the situation.
Gas-liquid or aqua-peeling
Mechanical hardware cleansing of tissues with a jet of water, saline and oxygen. This peel is suitable for non-surgical rejuvenation of the face and other areas. After aqua-peeling, a recovery period is not required. The process itself is painless.
Ultrasonic peeling
Exfoliation of dead cells is non-contact. Horny particles are removed using ultrasonic waves of a certain frequency that are harmless to humans. Simultaneously with peeling, micromassage and lymphatic drainage of tissues take place.
Vacuum peeling
The procedure involves the extraction of dirt, comedones and residues of cosmetics from the pores with vacuum devices. This is a kind of cleaning with vacuum massage and peeling.
Mechanical peeling: contraindications to the procedure
The risk of infection during mechanical peeling is minimized. However, the surface of the skin treated with an abrasive method is vulnerable to pathogenic microorganisms, which are quite numerous in the environment. Therefore, it is impossible to carry out mechanical peeling for people with purulent formations on the skin.
Oily skin, blackheads or comedones, acne, bumps and other cosmetic defects of the face and body make the female image not as attractive as we would like ... But, as you know, science does not stand still and today there are many solutions to these problems. It is one of them that will be discussed further.
Peeling is a procedure for cleaning the skin with the help of chemicals to remove the surface layer of the epidermis, as a result of which wrinkles and irregularities are smoothed out (from the English Peel - to remove a layer from something). As a result of peeling, the processes of skin renewal are launched, and it becomes more elastic, as the upper keratinized and dead layer of cells is removed.
Currently, there are several types of peeling, depending on the procedure, namely cosmetic, mechanical, physical and chemical peels.
Cosmetic peeling is the most superficial and is carried out mainly at home with the help of such products as scrub and gommage. The result of such regular "preventive cleaning" will be smooth and elastic skin. Cosmetic peeling maintains skin elasticity by cleansing pores and removing comedones (blackheads so unloved by everyone), in addition, such home cleaning is a good way to prevent acne. For owners of normal and oily skin, scrubs should be used, based on natural or artificial abrasives, which exfoliate dead cells.
Women with sensitive skin should give preference to gommages. Such products do not contain abrasive particles that mechanically clean the skin. Gommage is basically a cream that dries to form a soft crust. If you run your fingers over this crust, it rolls off the surface of the skin along with dead cells. The only contraindications to the use of gommages are the aging process, since the skin is no longer as elastic as in youth, it can easily stretch, which will further aggravate the problem.
The frequency of cosmetic peeling mainly depends on the condition of the skin, but it should not exceed one or two times a week.
Mechanical peeling (mechanical exfoliation of the stratum corneum due to friction) is carried out manually or using special equipment. There are the following types of mechanical peeling: microdermabrasion, brossage, vacuum peeling and ultrasonic peeling.
Microdermabrasion is a gentle method of improving the structure of the skin, rejuvenating it and removing fine wrinkles by applying small aluminum particles to the face. The flow of aluminum microcrystals "knocks out" skin particles, stimulating its blood supply and collagen synthesis. It is used in combination with special cosmetics that accelerate the growth of epidermal cells. A feature of this procedure is the need to complete the full course (8-10 sessions), since even skin color is acquired gradually, over and over again.
Brossazh or brushing is a mechanical cleaning of the skin with the help of rotating brushes or sponges, spinning at different speeds clockwise or counterclockwise. Under the high-speed action of natural bristles, dead skin cells are removed, subcutaneous blood circulation improves and epidermis renewal is stimulated. As for vacuum peeling, its use causes a partial detachment of the upper layer of the epidermis, opening the pores and improving blood circulation.
Ultrasound resurfacing is one of the newest, original and safe peeling methods. Ultrasound is a type of sound vibration beyond the threshold of hearing (frequency over 20,000 Hz). Due to this frequency of mechanical vibrations, the bonds between the cells of the upper keratinized layers of the skin are disconnected and they are easily exfoliated, the clogged sebaceous glands are cleansed of the contents.
Physical peeling methods are the most expensive procedures and include: laser, cryotherapy and AHA peeling.
Laser peeling is performed only at a professional level in cosmetic clinics. The procedure consists in "burning" the upper layer of the skin with a laser. Due to the strict control of the depth of penetration into the tissues, the laser peeling procedure is absolutely safe, which distinguishes it favorably from other types of deep cleaning. With the help of such polishing, you can get rid of age spots and the effects of acne in the form of small scars. The recovery period after such cleaning is a month, since deep laser peeling causes not only the evaporation of dead cells, but also blood clotting in rejuvenated skin. If you do surface laser resurfacing of the face, then the recovery period will be reduced to several days.
Cryotherapy is a medical procedure based on the treatment of the skin with ice or simply on exposure to low temperatures. As a result of a burn, redness occurs, however, after such a procedure, increased collagen production is launched in the skin, cells regenerate, and the complexion evens out.
As for AHA peeling, it is a fairly simple and at the same time very effective procedure carried out with the help of special fruit acids. Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA - alpha hydroxy acid) dissolves and gently exfoliates the stratum corneum, brightens age spots and comedones, restores the protective function of the epidermis, penetrates into the deeper layers of the skin and stimulates collagen synthesis. In order to prevent post-procedural complications, the skin is usually prepared for peeling at home using weak solutions of glycolic acid.
The last type of peeling is chemical, which, depending on the level of penetration and exposure to acids, is medium (when the acid reaches the middle layers of the skin), superficial and deep.
Superficial chemical peeling allows you to accelerate and activate natural exfoliation. Thus, the growth of the epidermis is stimulated by removing the cells of the stratum corneum. Glycolic acid is the ideal agent for superficial chemical peeling. It almost does not injure the skin and at the same time has a beneficial biological effect on the epidermis. Among other substances used for superficial chemical peeling, the safest are resorcinol, salicylic and lactic acids, which are classified as minor substances. They do NOT replace glycolic acid, but are used in combination with it in various proportions, which allows you to achieve the greatest effect.
A medium chemical peel is performed with trichloroacetic acid (TCA). This procedure leads to a programmed chemical burn followed by detachment of the epidermis and dermis up to the upper part of the reticular layer. This type of peeling is used to rejuvenate the skin, allows you to smooth out scars and scars. Medium chemical peeling is used not only on the face, but also on the neck, in the "décolleté" zone, and on the back of the hands. The recovery period lasts from one to three months.
Deep chemical peeling is the most effective, but at the same time the most dangerous type of peeling, as it is based on the use of phenol, which can lead to scarring. Since phenol is not an acid, but an alkali (hence, it penetrates deeper, which can be very dangerous due to the high toxicity of the element), procedures using this component are performed only by highly qualified specialists.
Deep peeling is the last step to regain youth and beauty, which only the most desperate dare to take, since even a minor oversight by a doctor can cost the patient his life. In addition, the recovery period lasts from three to six months, and during this period it is strictly forbidden to appear in the sun.
That's almost all the information about peeling, but of course, before deciding on a particular procedure, the consultation of an experienced cosmetologist remains indispensable.