Black blood during pregnancy. Bleeding in the last weeks of pregnancy: what is the danger

Waiting for the birth of a child is the most wonderful time in the life of every woman. However, even this period can give a woman a lot of anxiety, one of which is bleeding. Bleeding during pregnancy is a pathology that is most common in pregnant women today. Similar phenomenon during this period is fraught with serious complications, which not everyone knows about.

Many women are absolutely convinced that during the bearing of a baby, menstruation can occur. However, I hasten to dissuade you right away, this cannot be normal. If such cases occur, it is extremely rare (for one hundred people, three percent of cases), and, as a rule, at the very beginning of pregnancy. In this case, bleeding has the appearance of spotting and occurs against the background of implantation of the fetal egg to the wall of the uterus. Usually this period coincides with the start of menstruation. In duration, such a discharge of blood can take several hours. Only it can be considered normal, however, as a rule, usually a woman does not even know about her situation, taking such bleeding for menstruation. Such bleeding does not pose any risk to pregnancy.

Causes of bleeding during pregnancy and its treatment.
Bleeding during gestation can occur both early and late. It is the timing that allows us to assume one or another reason that provoked this pathology. For up to three months of pregnancy, blood can signal the onset of a spontaneous miscarriage, an ectopic pregnancy, a miscarriage that does not develop, or a mole. In the later stages of bearing a child (after twelve weeks), bleeding can be triggered by placenta previa or abruption.

For expectant mothers, I note that bleeding is far from always a signal that there are some problems with the fetus, because a simple exacerbation can provoke it gynecological diseases, for example, uterine fibroids or cervical erosion. Even the usual traumatization of the genital organs of a woman can provoke the occurrence of such a phenomenon.

Bleeding during childbearing can be different character and differ in intensity - smearing, moderate, plentiful with clots. Often this process in a woman is combined with severe pain in the abdomen of an acute, pulling and cramping nature. In addition, women have other severe symptoms, in particular weakness, decreases arterial pressure, heart rate increases. It is not possible to make a diagnosis based on bleeding characteristics alone.

It is important to say that even if spotting during pregnancy (no matter how long) is insignificant, you still need to see a doctor right away. It is impossible to remain inactive and calmly expect their termination, since this may threaten the life of the fetus or mother. At the appointment, the doctor should describe in detail the symptoms and the nature of the discharge.

It should also be noted that bleeding in the case of gestation can also be spontaneous. This is due to the fact that during this period, the tissues of the cervix soften due to an increase in the production of hormones and increased blood flow to the genitals, becoming loose. Against this background, bleeding develops, which can occur on its own or after sexual intercourse. Most often, the discharge has bright red color, are moderate or smearing in nature and cease on their own. There is no need to worry about this either.

However, the cause of bleeding can be more serious pathologies, in particular, the threat of termination of pregnancy. There can be many reasons for its development. In this condition, a woman has pain in the lower abdomen and lower back of a pulling and aching nature, spotting of a smearing property. In this case, the further preservation of pregnancy depends on the speed of contacting a doctor and the appointment of optimal therapy. With the threat of miscarriage, treatment and therapeutic measures are prescribed in order to maintain pregnancy and stop bleeding. If the fetus is viable early dates pregnancy (as indicated by ultrasound data), a woman is prescribed hemostatic drugs, antispasmodics in order to reduce the tone of the uterus, hormonal preparations(gestagens up to 16 weeks) to maintain progesterone levels, as well as vitamins and trace elements (vitamin E, Iodomarin, folic acid, MagneB6). Proper and timely therapy gives good results. If therapy does not help, and the miscarriage still happened, the uterine cavity is scraped out to eliminate the remnants of the fetal egg. In this state, a woman needs peace, bed rest and lack stressful situations. Hospital treatment is recommended. If the situation is left to chance, the threat of interruption, in the end, turns into a spontaneous abortion, in which there are severe pains in the lower abdomen of a cramping nature and profuse bleeding of a bloody nature.

bubble skid or a missed pregnancy can also cause heavy bleeding. Intrauterine death of the fetus after a week leads to spontaneous interruption pregnancy, and, as a result, bleeding. This happens as a result of the beginning growth of placental tissue. In this case, the woman does not experience any pain or discomfort. As a result, she is prescribed curettage, and it is also recommended to control the hormonal status during the year.

Bloody discharge can also occur due to chromosomal abnormalities and other abnormalities that lead to spontaneous miscarriage. Against this background, in order to prevent the onset of post-hemorrhagic shock, a woman is treated with curettage of the uterine cavity to eliminate the remnants of the fetal egg, placenta and other parts.

Another serious provoking bleeding factor is an ectopic pregnancy. This condition is characterized by the development of pregnancy outside the uterine cavity. This usually occurs due to obstruction of the fallopian tubes. The indication is emergency surgery. Usually, the fallopian tube is removed and then the abdominal cavity is washed. In addition to smearing discharge of a dark red color, in this situation, a woman experiences bouts of pain of a cramping nature (often to the point of losing consciousness).

Bleeding that occurs later in pregnancy can be life-threatening for both the mother and the fetus. Here you can see placental abruption. This phenomenon most often occurs in women at risk ( chronic diseases gynecological nature, multiple pregnancy, preeclampsia, abdominal trauma, polyhydramnios). It should be noted that there may not be blood, but there will be severe pain in the abdomen, resembling contractions. Plus, there is hypertonicity of the uterus. In this situation, it will be bad not only for mom, but also for the fetus, whose condition will get worse every minute. Therefore, in this situation, doctors urgently carry out operative delivery, regardless of the gestational age and the viability of the fetus. In addition, infusion therapy is prescribed (transfusion of plasma and erythrocyte mass). Bleeding can be of different intensity.

Another factor in this pathology in the second half of pregnancy may be placenta previa (partial or complete overlap of the internal uterine os with the placenta). Against the background of thinning of the uterine wall, the vessels rupture, and bleeding occurs, the color of which is usually dark. You can identify presentation yourself by recurring uterine bleeding, the intensity of which increases with each repetition. The process is painless. Further management of pregnancy depends on its duration, the amount of blood lost and the type of presentation (full or partial). With minor secretions, in order to maintain pregnancy, a woman is prescribed antispasmodics, magnesia in the form of droppers, beta-agonists, antiplatelet agents and vitamins. In the case of placenta previa, spotting may occur before the birth itself. Therefore, a woman is placed in a maternity hospital, where, upon reaching a full-term pregnancy, a caesarean section is performed. In case of abundant discharge, a caesarean section is urgently performed, regardless of whether the pregnancy is full-term or not. To replenish blood loss, a transfusion of plasma and red blood cells is prescribed.

A uterine rupture can also lead to bleeding on the last dates bearing a baby. This usually happens in women who have a scar on the uterus from surgery, induced abortions, frequent births, or whose uterus is overdistended due to polyhydramnios and multiple pregnancies. Bleeding in this case is mixed (internal and external), combined with constant pain or cramping attacks, and the woman's condition often causes hemorrhagic and traumatic shock. With the existing threat of uterine rupture, women are under special supervision of gynecologists and obstetricians; in the later stages, a woman is placed in a hospital.

Diagnosis of the cause of bleeding during pregnancy.
For an accurate diagnosis of the causes of bleeding, an examination by a gynecologist is required, as well as a diagnostic studies in the hospital. In addition, smear tests are taken, blood tests are done, including for HIV, hepatitis, syphilis, and urinalysis. Also carry out ultrasonography pelvic and fetal organs, determine the blood type and Rh factor. As the pathology is detected, the doctor may prescribe an additional examination: in case of suspicion of non-developing pregnancy and miscarriage, blood is additionally examined for hCG, hormones, TORCH infections, a smear for STIs; if an ectopic pregnancy is suspected, diagnostic laparoscopy is performed; hCG level in blood. In the later stages, additional examinations to identify the causes of the bleeding that have occurred are not done.

For women with a negative blood Rh factor, after curettage of the uterine cavity, surgery for ectopic pregnancy and cesarean section, it is recommended to administer anti-Rhesus D-immunoglobulin to prevent the occurrence of a Rh conflict between the mother and fetus when the fetal blood enters the mother's bloodstream.

All women in a position who, against the background of bleeding, were able to maintain a pregnancy, are recommended a complete renunciation of sexual intimacy with a partner, as well as complete emotional peace. In addition, a number of drugs used during treatment in a hospital may be prescribed for admission and after discharge in order to prevent the threat of miscarriage.

During the rehabilitation period after the cessation of bleeding, drugs with a sedative effect are prescribed. Non-drug and physiotherapeutic methods of treatment are also recommended, in particular acupuncture and the like.

Prevention of bleeding:

abortion prevention;
exception or strong limitation physical activity during childbearing;
treatment of all gynecological diseases before pregnancy;
the obligatory birth of a child before the age of thirty-five.

Among young ladies who have nothing to do with medicine, frightening rumors are spreading, like night terrors, which are passed from mouth to mouth in an ominous whisper, allegedly that some women can continue to walk even during pregnancy! At this point, the young ladies round their eyes and skeptically exclaim: “It can’t be!”

Indeed, if we recall the characteristics of a normal menstrual cycle, then during pregnancy this simply cannot be! But bleeding from the genital tract, the same as during menstruation, is quite possible. And you must clearly understand that it will not bring anything good.

Bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy

In early pregnancy, the cause of bleeding is the threat of miscarriage or miscarriage itself.

Spontaneous miscarriage. Perhaps the girl still does not know about the fact of pregnancy, especially if the menstruation does not have a strict cycle, and the delay is small. When there is bleeding, she takes it for menstruation without even thinking. It was in this scenario that our grandmothers and great-grandmothers had early miscarriages in those days when there were no ultrasounds and pregnancy tests in every pharmacy. The woman's body independently gets rid of the pregnancy, which is already on initial stage has some damage. These can be some kind of chromosomal mutations, gross malformations of the fetus, possibly improper attachment of the fetal egg to the wall of the uterus, and many others. Nature very sensitively controls this process and does not allow an unviable baby to be born or to bear a child of an already sick mother. After all, pregnancy for a woman is a global test of all systems and organs. Where thinly there it will tear, and all the sores that were unhealed and that should have formed in your body in the future will come out. And if a woman suffers from any disease - be it, diabetes, infectious and inflammatory process and many others, then there is a huge risk that these diseases simply will not allow the fetal egg to develop in the early stages, that's all. This is a kind of natural selection at the level of reproduction.
Ectopic pregnancy. Fine fertilized egg should attach to the wall of the uterus. Her endometrium is like a downy feather bed into which future baby, sprouts with its vessels and slowly grows and develops. If the endometrium does not look like a featherbed, but like a bench in a cold park, of course, no one wants to fall on it! And the fetal egg is looking for a better place for itself, descending into the cervix (this is the worst option of all ectopic pregnancies, in which there is a high probability of surgical removal of the uterus). But most often, a fertilized egg does not reach the uterus, remains in one of the fallopian tubes, gradually penetrating into its wall. This is because there was an inflammatory and / or adhesive process in the tubes even before pregnancy. Her ciliated epithelium has been damaged and no longer helps the egg to move, the transport function is impaired. The danger of an ectopic pregnancy cannot be underestimated. The fallopian tube is not adapted to the development of the baby, its wall is thin, fragile, and when he tries to penetrate it with his vessels, it germinates and grows, it breaks, and bleeding occurs in the abdominal cavity. If the tube does not even break, then it rejects the fetal egg and external bleeding occurs (from the vagina), this scenario is called the termination of an ectopic pregnancy like a tubal abortion. These conditions are quite serious and to a certain extent threaten the life of a woman. It is for this purpose that you should not neglect ultrasound diagnostics if you find out that you are pregnant. Make sure the fertilized egg has attached itself in the uterus.
Gynecological pathology. If a young lady in a position is sick with something, then this is necessarily due to her pregnancy. Complete nonsense! Before conception, she, like any other, had her own bouquet of diseases that do not disappear anywhere with the advent of a fertilized egg. Other causes are possible, but most often bleeding is given by:
- erosion of the cervix (ectopia). She may have been before pregnancy, they just didn’t know about her. Bleeding can be contact (during sexual intercourse) or non-contact. They do not pose a particular threat, but they can add problems to a woman in childbirth when the cervix needs to be opened, and its tissue has already been provoked.
- . Most likely, they did not know about this before pregnancy, otherwise it would not have happened. A very serious and difficult combination, the preservation of pregnancy is a big question.
Bubble drift. A rather ambiguous pathology, which, in addition to bleeding, will give practically no more subjective symptoms. After making such a diagnosis (more often according to ultrasound data), the woman is offered to curettage the uterine cavity (cleansing, as it is popularly called), since its further prolongation threatens to degenerate into a malignant process.
Intrauterine hematomas. Retroplacental, subchorial, extramembrane or some other one way or another pose a threat to pregnancy. They are a section of exfoliated tissue of an already ingrown fetal egg with shed blood. That is, behind the placenta, for example, a cavity filled with blood is formed, and this area gradually grows, exfoliating more and more surface of the placenta. Because of this, the future baby suffers, to which less and less comes nutrients and oxygen. The pregnancy may terminate and a miscarriage will occur. Or the hematoma will slowly empty, and the young lady will have bloody discharge from the vagina, more often dark blood, even crumbly. One thing is for sure, a hematoma in the first trimester is a bell in favor of trouble in the fetoplacental system in the second and third trimesters.
Other scenarios of development, for example, with multiple pregnancy - twins, reduction (death) of one of the fetuses.

Thus, it is possible to formulate the main risk factors for bleeding in the first half of pregnancy:

Infectious-inflammatory factor.
Anatomical problems (malformations of the uterus - saddle, with a septum, bicornuate, etc., as well as impaired peristalsis of the fallopian tubes and, as a result, tubal pregnancy).
Immunological disorders.
Violation of the processes of formation of the fetal egg (chromosomal, gene breakdowns).
Thrombophilia (congenital or acquired syndromes of impaired blood coagulation).

Treatment of bleeding in the first half of pregnancy

In order to exclude the possibility of developing all these complications, it is necessary to conduct a complete examination and preconception preparation before pregnancy. The main groups of drugs used to treat threatened miscarriage:

Antispasmodics (Drotaverine intramuscularly or Papaverine in rectal suppositories).
Hemostatic drugs (Tranexam tablets or injections).
Magnesium preparations (Magne B6, Magne B6 forte, 2-4 tablets per day for 3 months).
Hormonal support (Dufaston).
Systemic enzyme therapy is possible (Wobenzym 5 tablets 3 times a day)

Bleeding in the second half of pregnancy

In the second half of pregnancy, placenta previa can provoke bleeding.

placenta previa

Placenta previa is a pathology in which the placenta is too low and covers the internal os (the place where the uterus passes into the cervical canal). Presentation can be:

complete, when the placenta completely covers the area of \u200b\u200bthe internal pharynx (the worst option);
incomplete presentation - partial overlap;
low location of the placenta (placentation), when its lower edge is located below 5 cm from the internal pharynx.

Symptomatically, this can manifest itself as follows: bleeding from the genital tract with scarlet blood, which occurs against the background of complete well-being, for no apparent reason, without pain. Often such women are taken to the hospital by ambulance, because they woke up at night literally in a pool of blood. Such bleeding may recur. But if the diagnosis of low placentation is made in the second trimester according to ultrasound, do not immediately despair, the placenta can migrate up to 32 weeks.

With heavy bleeding and full-term pregnancy, emergency delivery by surgery is indicated. caesarean section. Conservative therapy up to 24 weeks can still be done on an outpatient basis, in antenatal clinic, and after this period, mandatory inpatient treatment is necessary. The main groups of drugs:

Hemostatic therapy (Tranexam, IM 1 g/day).
Tocolytic therapy (Indomethacin, Nifedipine).
Prevention of immaturity of the pulmonary system of the fetus from 26 to 34 weeks of pregnancy (hormonal therapy).
Antibacterial therapy is possible according to indications.

Premature detachment of a normally located placenta

Premature abruption of a normally located placenta is an untimely separation of the placenta. Detachment - the same retroplacental hematoma, only large sizes and threatening the life of not only the child, but also the mother. With a significant detachment, hemorrhagic shock occurs, a condition that threatens the life of a woman. There are well-defined criteria for the classification of detachment:

mild degree, when the total area of the exfoliated placenta does not exceed 1/6 of the entire area of the placenta, i.e. its volume is insignificant. In this case, the bleeding will be external, from the genital tract, no more than 800–1000 ml in total. In 80%, the condition of the fetus does not suffer.
moderate degree, when the total area of the exfoliated placenta is from 1/6 to 1/3 of the entire area of the placental tissue. Bleeding in this case will be not only external, but also internal. Therefore, if a woman sees a small amount of red blood on the pad, then most likely the remaining blood simply remains inside the hematoma and slowly exfoliates the placenta from the inside, soaking the walls of the uterus. The area of non-functional, non-working placenta becomes gradually larger and larger, which means that less and less oxygen-enriched blood comes to the child. The probability of death of a child is up to 80%. The condition of the woman herself worsens, she becomes pale, covered with a cold sticky sweat, dizziness, confusion are possible.
severe degree, when the area of detachment is already 2/3 or more. Blood loss increases to 1.5 liters, and due to internal losses. The uterus is gradually completely saturated with blood. The probability of death of the child approaches 100%. Most often, a woman is already unconscious, the level of blood pressure drops, and hemorrhagic shock occurs. This is an extremely difficult condition, in which it is very important that relatives (!), namely, they will make the necessary decisions, understand that the struggle is not for the life of the child, not for the possibility of future conception, the realization of future childbearing function (with massive impregnation of the uterus in most cases it is removed with blood), but for the life of the woman herself!

Why is there such a formidable complication? There is no smoke without fire, most likely, the pregnancy itself did not proceed as smoothly as it seemed at first glance. Factors leading to premature detachment normally located placenta:

Preeclampsia, or preeclampsia according to the new classification. This is perhaps the most main reason, leading to placental abruption, since already from a short time there are structural changes in the walls of blood vessels.
Inflammatory diseases in the uterine cavity, including after previous surgical interventions (abortions, curettage).
Malformations of the uterus.
Attachment of the placenta in .
Blood diseases (thrombophilia, congenital and acquired).
Incompatibility of the blood of the mother and fetus by blood group or Rh factor.
Immunological disorders in the mother's body.
Post-term pregnancy, i.e., the gestation period is more than 42 weeks.
Large fetus, multiple pregnancy (twins, triplets), polyhydramnios, all that unnecessarily overstretches the walls of the uterus from the inside.
Trauma, whether it's a fall of a woman, a blow to the stomach.

Thus, there are a lot of risk factors, but this does not mean that if a pregnant woman has any of them, she will definitely have a detachment. There is nothing absolute in medicine, everything is very, very individual. For someone, even against the background of complete well-being, trouble can happen, and someone walks all 9 months with a bunch of predisposing factors and gives birth quite safely.

No one will argue with the fact that pregnancy is the most wonderful period in the life of every woman, but one should not forget that this is a period of extraordinary responsibility, attentiveness and, unfortunately, anxiety, first of all, about the state of one's health. It is the body that gives us the first signals that something is wrong. Ignoring them, of course, is not worth it: it is better to play it safe once again with a doctor than to harm your health and your baby.

Is there bleeding during pregnancy? Enough frequent occurrence during pregnancy -. It occurs in more than 20% of women. And, as a rule, in half of the cases it goes away on its own and does not indicate violations. But in the other half of the cases, bleeding is dangerous, because it can also end. A signal for this is the appearance of dark blood clots.

Secondly, they may also appear due to cystic drift - a condition when the growth of placental tissue begins. Bleeding in such cases is profuse, but painless. In this case, scraping is carried out and the hormonal status is controlled for about six months.

Another reason for bleeding is chromosomal abnormalities or other defects, which, unfortunately, are incompatible with the life of the fetus. Pregnancy in any case will end in spontaneous miscarriage. After a miscarriage, a woman must definitely consult a doctor to prevent the development of posthemorrhagic shock. Usually, in such situations, diagnostic and therapeutic curettage of the uterus is done so that there are no remnants of the fetal egg, placenta, or ruptured vessels in it. After - a woman will pass examination to determine the real cause of the miscarriage.

Bleeding can occur if the woman did not notice the miscarriage. In this case, after the rejection of the fetal egg, after some time, bleeding begins, caused by the remains of the embryo and its membranes in the uterine cavity. In such a situation, you should consult a doctor immediately! He will promptly make a curettage.

Also the cause of bleeding. This is a condition where pregnancy develops outside of the uterine cavity. Most often occurs due to partial or complete obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Unfortunately, in such a situation, as a rule, one tube is removed and the abdominal cavity is washed. If you do not consult a doctor in a timely manner, peritonitis may appear.

Bleeding occurs in the case of a "frozen" pregnancy. A week after intrauterine death of the fetus, spontaneous miscarriage will begin.

Late bleeding is no less dangerous, since in the second or third trimester bleeding is a clear indicator of pathology, it becomes a threat to the life of the baby and the health of his mother. That is why you should be very attentive to all the signals of your body.

The first cause of bleeding late term- detachment of the placenta. At risk are women with preeclampsia, abdominal injuries, polyhydramnios. In addition to bleeding (which in some cases may not occur), there will definitely be severe pain all over the belly. The condition of the fetus will also deteriorate sharply, and therefore doctors will urgently decide on the issue of operative delivery. Placenta previa is also common: when it is located in the area of the internal pharynx of the cervical canal. Due to the fact that the wall of the uterus becomes thinner, rupture of blood vessels occurs and bleeding begins. Its color is bright scarlet. The baby does not suffer at the same time, but mom's body - yes.

Bleeding may also occur due to erosion of the cervix, its fibroids, due to, or due to trauma to the genital organs.

How to stop bleeding during pregnancy

It will not be possible to stop the onset of uterine bleeding during pregnancy on its own. Even if hemostatic drugs are at hand, this will not solve the problem. After all, the danger lies in the pathology as a whole, which caused bleeding, and not only in the very fact of bleeding.

In each case, the treatment will be different, due to the cause of bleeding and the condition of the woman. The priority of doctors is always the life of the future mother, and if nothing threatens her, then the life of the child: they will certainly try to save him.

Thus, with the appearance of bloody discharge from the genital tract during pregnancy, you should immediately consult a doctor. If real bleeding has begun (blood from the vagina is released in large quantities, and not in the form of spotting, and has a bright red color), then without delay, without wasting a minute, you should go immediately to the hospital. If there is such an opportunity, then it is better not to wait for the arrival of an ambulance or taxi, but to go to the medical facility with your own car, saving time.

In some cases, your doctor may recommend hemostatic drugs as an emergency treatment. For example, if there is every reason to believe that the pregnancy is threatened with a breakdown, and there is no opportunity to go to the doctor for an in-person examination (for example, the woman is away from the village), then you need to contact the doctor by phone after receiving a consultation. Dicinon injections are often used to stop uterine bleeding. An antispasmodic (No-shpa), a sedative (valerian or motherwort) is also prescribed, in some cases a drug containing progesterone may be needed.

The doctor will certainly prescribe bed rest for his ward, maximum physical (including sexual) and emotional peace. A woman needs to lie down all the time, raising her legs to a hill. You can get up only when absolutely necessary, avoiding sudden movements and turns.

It is not uncommon for a code to stop bleeding during pregnancy is possible only by surgical intervention. Yet much more often the outcome turns out to be favorable, with only one caveat: if a woman applies for professional help. Therefore, be responsible to yourself and your future baby - do not hesitate.

Very often, you can prevent the opening of bleeding if you recognize the signs of a threatened miscarriage on the very initial stage and take necessary measures. Indeed, often the onset of bleeding is preceded by a deterioration in the condition of the pregnant woman, the appearance of characteristic pains, contractions and spasms of the uterus, which the woman clearly feels with tension and petrification of the lower abdomen. Any of these signs should be a reason to see a doctor.

Especially for- Tatyana Argamakova

Pregnancy is difficult stage in a woman's life. The body undergoes a radical restructuring. Bleeding during early pregnancy is a deviation and requires consultation with a doctor. This condition is dangerous and can threaten the life of the unborn baby.

The best hemostatic drugs during early pregnancy

Bleeding in early pregnancy comes in a variety of colors and differs in the amount of discharge. It can cause a threat of termination of pregnancy or cause illness.

Exacerbation of gynecological diseases or trauma to the uterus cause pathology.

For an accurate compilation of the clinical picture, a complete examination by a gynecologist and testing is necessary. Trying to establish the cause yourself or waiting for time is an unjustified risk to the life of the mother and child. Timely access to specialists allows in 80% of cases to endure a healthy baby.

With an increased risk of losing the fetus, the following hemostatic drugs are prescribed:

"Papaverine" and "No-shpa", reduce the contraction of the uterine walls;
"Dufaston", normalizes the level of progesterone;
Valerian or Motherwort, a sedative to help smooth the muscles of the uterus;
"Dicinon", promotes the formation of platelets, has a hemostatic effect;
"Vikasol", begins to act after 8-12 hours, increases blood clotting, is prescribed in complex therapy;
"Exacil", contains tranexamic acid, promoting blood clotting, allows you to quickly stop bleeding.

Treatment is supplemented with vitamins E and C, as well as folic acid, to strengthen the walls of blood vessels and improve well-being. It is impossible to prescribe hemostatic drugs on your own. All medicines have side effects. It is necessary to control blood viscosity, blood pressure and know the reliable cause of blood discharge.

If bleeding occurs in the early stages of pregnancy, it is necessary to call ambulance, take a horizontal position, putting a roller under your feet, drink "No-shpu" and wait for the doctor to arrive.

Why does light bleeding occur?

Bleeding may not always indicate a threatened miscarriage. There are various conditions in which a small amount of blood.

Reasons for small discharges:

Ovum implantation. Small smears may occur during the fertilization process. Attaching to the uterine wall, the embryo damages small vessels.
In some cases, a small hormonal change little effect on the onset of menstruation. The body releases a small amount of blood droplets. In this case, pulling pains may be noted.
Gynecological diseases. Cervical erosion can cause slight discharge. A drop of blood appears due to an injured epithelium, during sexual contact or an uncomfortable position of the body. For the mother and unborn child, this condition is not dangerous. Doctors delay treatment until the baby is born.
Polyps are able to declare their existence by spotting. In this situation, the blood comes out in meager drops, without causing pain. In this case, gynecologists choose a wait-and-see attitude. Usually, the bleeding formation disappears on its own.
Varicose veins in the genital area can lead to minor discharge. Increasing uterine pressure acts on vessels and capillaries, strengthen negative effect maybe sex life.
Venereal diseases. Even in interesting position a woman is not immune from infection. Trichomoniasis, chlamydia can cause discharge, accompanied by itching, bad smell, an increase in temperature and a decrease in strength.

There can be many factors that provoke light bleeding, but this is not a reason for an indifferent attitude towards the body in the first weeks of pregnancy.

What conditions can cause bleeding in the early stages

In the first trimester, a woman needs to avoid stress, taking medicines, heavy physical labor. The body is just beginning to adapt to the new state. The embryo is still too weak, and the tissues protecting it are not yet formed.

In most cases, the threat of miscarriage is the cause of blood loss. The period from 1 to 10 weeks of pregnancy is especially dangerous.

Signs of a threatened miscarriage:

Drawing pains that become more intense in places. Sharp cutting sensations can occur with severe stress or injury, which begin suddenly.
Blood secretions. There are both plentiful and scarce, which in the process become more intense. The color varies from bright scarlet to brown. If blood clots come out with red blood, the loss of the embryo is quite likely. The release of blood appears when the egg is detached from the uterine wall, accompanied by its damage, injury to blood vessels and blood loss.
decline basal body temperature. normal temperature considered 37 degrees.

Fetal loss can be complete or incomplete. In any case, a gynecological examination is necessary. With a partially lost embryo, additional cleaning is required. Failure to perform this operation threatens the life of the mother.

Factors that cause excessive bleeding

Severe bleeding can provoke both spontaneous miscarriage and other pathologies. Wrong location a fetal egg in the fallopian tube causes severe pain and profuse bleeding due to rupture of the tube. In these cases, there is no question of saving the fetus. It is important to preserve the life and health of a woman.

In the first month, an ectopic pregnancy does not differ from the normal process. The test strips show a positive result.

There may be toxicosis, swelling mammary glands and lack of a menstrual cycle. As the fetus develops, the walls of the tube begin to stretch, which can cause pain and discomfort, accompanied by minor discharge. breakthrough bleeding usually begins in the third month of pregnancy. Associated with rupture of the fallopian tube and threatens the woman's life.

The second reason may be a hydatidiform drift, provoking bleeding. The condition is accompanied by an increase in the villi of the placenta, while the embryo may be absent. Bleeding occurs in any week of pathology.

Possible profuse bleeding during rejection frozen fruit. For unknown reasons, the development of the fetus stops.

Manifestation of pathology:

Pain in the lower abdomen;
Stopping soreness in the chest;
An increase or a sharp decrease in body temperature.

The consequences for a woman can be quite serious, up to blood poisoning.

strong bleeding is coming with uterine fibroids, when it blocks the access of oxygen to the fetus and tries to displace the egg.

What to do and how to stop bleeding during pregnancy

If during pregnancy blood has come from the vagina, you need to call an ambulance or consult a doctor. It is important for a specialist to describe all the symptoms and clarify how long the bleeding lasts. For doctors in the early stages, the condition of the woman is a priority.

With breakthrough discharge before the arrival of an ambulance, it is necessary:

Lie down in bed and put a roller under your feet;
Take "No-shpu" or Valerian, which will help smooth out muscle muscles;
Apply a heating pad with ice water wrapped in a cloth to the lower abdomen;
You can not douching and taking baths;
It is not recommended to take hormonal and hemostatic drugs without qualified help.

With the threat of miscarriage, therapeutic measures are aimed at eliminating bleeding and maintaining pregnancy. Treatment is carried out with antispasmodics to reduce the tone of the uterus. To maintain progesterone, hormonal drugs are prescribed and vitamin complexes. In most cases, timely therapy allows the fetus to survive.

Is bleeding during early pregnancy dangerous (video)

Bleeding can be prevented if you listen carefully to the body and turn to a gynecologist in time.

Bleeding during pregnancy refers to the group of obstetric bleeding, that is, those that occur during the period of bearing and giving birth, as well as after childbirth. They are considered a serious complication, as they often cause maternal death.

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Bleeding during pregnancy: features

Blood discharge during this period of a woman's life is characterized by certain criteria:

sudden onset of bleeding;
massive blood loss;
the fetus suffers first (therefore, emergency delivery is often practiced);
except in some cases, blood loss is accompanied by severe pain;
bleeding during pregnancy forms a rapid depletion of the protective forces and compensatory reactions of the woman's body;
a sharp decrease in BCC (volume of circulating blood) with disturbances in the work of the heart;
significantly increases the risk of DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation).

Causes of bleeding during pregnancy in the first and second trimesters

There are quite a few factors that can provoke the development of bleeding during this period of pregnancy. The reason directly depends on the trimester in which it happened.

Bleeding in early pregnancy occurs due to such reasons:

spontaneous miscarriage;
cystic skid;
implantation bleeding;
frozen pregnancy;
gynecological diseases.

Medical tactics, algorithm and treatment regimen depend on the cause that provoked bleeding for up to 20 weeks of pregnancy.

Symptoms and treatment of bleeding in an ectopic pregnancy

It is also called an ectopic pregnancy, in which the egg after fertilization is implanted and begins to develop outside the uterine cavity. Typical places of its localization are the tubes, the abdominal cavity, the ovaries, the cervix, the rudimentary horn (unicornuate uterus).

An ectopic pregnancy is formed as a result of such pathologies in history:

adnexitis;
abortion;
genital infantilism;
endomyometritis;
surgical interventions on the internal genital organs;
hormonal imbalance.

It can be progressive and disrupted due to a ruptured tube or ovary. In some cases, this condition ends with a tubal abortion.

The main symptom in this case is spotting during pregnancy, which is “smeared”, women have a delay in menstruation, she complains about. An ectopic pregnancy can also cause an acute abdomen, a medical emergency. medical care due to a break fallopian tube. This type of pregnancy can develop up to a maximum of 8 weeks, and after that the tube ruptures and bleeding (internal and external) opens.

A gynecological examination and ultrasound must be carried out in order to correctly verify the diagnosis.

Further treatment tactics are as follows:

assessment of the woman's condition;
determination of the degree of blood loss;
collection and clarification of anamnesis (gynecological and obstetric);
hospitalization in the gynecological department on an urgent basis;
transportation of a woman should be carried out in a horizontal position, the head end must be lowered;
it is important to maintain blood pressure at an optimal level;
in case of massive blood loss, the patient is hospitalized by the resuscitation and surgical team;
all further measures are developed and taken already in the hospital.

Causes and symptoms of bleeding during an early miscarriage

The correct name for this condition is spontaneous abortion, which is considered to be the termination of pregnancy for up to 28 weeks. With it, the woman's cervix opens, and the fetal egg is partially or completely expelled from the uterine cavity.

The reasons that can provoke an early miscarriage are as follows:

This pathology is accompanied by pain with localization in the lower abdomen, increased tone uterus, spotting, turning into bleeding. The condition of a woman directly depends on the amount of blood loss, the duration, the presence of anemia and other diseases.

Important: at spontaneous miscarriage it is necessary to stop bleeding in time to avoid hemorrhagic shock, which occurs when a large volume of blood is lost (individually for each patient). If the pregnancy cannot be maintained, they resort to curettage.

Bleeding at 12 weeks of gestation is considered an early abortion and often occurs for no known reason. From 13 to 28 weeks we are talking about a late abortion. 2-8 pregnancies out of 100 end in miscarriage due to various causative factors.

Bloody discharge has different characteristics(from smearing to abundant), as well as pain (from aching to dull pain in the lower abdomen). Pregnancy is usually maintained in the event of a threatened and incipient abortion, but the more blood is lost, the worse the prognosis.

Spontaneous abortion has a phased course:

Threatened miscarriage. This condition may be accompanied by very scanty bloody discharge, the pain is mild and has a dull aching character with localization in the lower abdomen.
Started abortion. With it, the discharge of blood will also be sparse, and the pains will be cramping. This stage of spontaneous miscarriage usually proceeds with a satisfactory state of health. A woman should be taken to a gynecological hospital to decide whether to continue the pregnancy. The prognosis in this case may be favorable, but it all depends on the amount of blood loss.
Abortion in progress. The patient has massive bleeding and cramping pain in the lower abdomen. This condition requires immediate hospitalization and appropriate measures (curettage of the uterus, blood transfusion to replace lost blood).
Abortion incomplete. The blood is excreted in clots and dark shade, it can be a lot. There must be a pain syndrome. Pregnancy can not be saved in this case, so they resort to curettage of the uterine cavity.
Complete spontaneous miscarriage. It most often occurs very early in pregnancy. Clinical picture looks like this: contraction of the uterus, opening of the cervical canal, removal of the fetal egg from the uterine cavity with some blood, closing of the cervix and cessation of bleeding. A complete spontaneous abortion does not require emergency care, but the woman is still hospitalized. In the hospital, she is undergoing diagnostic curettage. This procedure allows you to make sure that there are no particles of the fetal egg left in the uterine cavity.

Therapeutic measures for spontaneous miscarriage at an early stage

The outcome of the treatment of bleeding during pregnancy largely depends on the timely treatment of a woman in medical institution and strict adherence to all prescriptions of the doctor.

The complex of therapy for such conditions includes:

The first and foremost rule for a woman who has a threat early miscarriage This is strict bed rest.
Complete emotional peace.
If necessary, hormone therapy agents (Progesterone, Utrozhestan) are prescribed.
Infusion therapy is also carried out (in / in the infusion of solutions according to the prescriptions of the attending physician).

Treatment should take place in a hospital under the supervision of the attending gynecologist. If the cause can be eliminated while also maintaining the current pregnancy, then the woman should be under medical supervision until delivery.

Bleeding in the early stages of clots: causes, symptoms, prognosis

The presence of clots in spotting during pregnancy, this is, with a high probability, the allocation of fragments of embryonic tissues. Often a woman notices clots when visiting the toilet or after lifting weights. The process itself is accompanied by spasmodic pains (similar to contractions). Such bleeding is an early miscarriage, which happens very often during the first 12 weeks. Doctors will not save such a pregnancy, especially if the blood is scarlet and there are clots.

Note:the type of blood clots themselves (brown, scarlet, red), as well as the proposed symptoms, can be symptoms not only of a miscarriage, but also of such pathologies:

frozen pregnancy;
detachment of the fetal egg;
cervical or tubal pregnancy.

These conditions are very dangerous for the life and health of a woman, therefore, they require emergency care and hospitalization.

Bleeding in early pregnancy with hydatidiform mole

This pathology is a kind of trophoblastic diseases that are formed from derivatives of female and male germ cells. Bubble skid can develop both during physiological and ectopic pregnancy, after childbirth, induced abortion, during inflammatory processes of the reproductive system, hormonal disorders. This disease is characterized by the presence of modifications in the chorion: there are increased sizes of villi with the formation of bubble-like elements on them. It predominantly affects women young age from 20 to 30 years old.

Symptoms of cystic mole:

delayed menstruation up to 2-4 months (a woman considers herself pregnant);
spotting (they appear as a result of rejection of bubbles) with the presence of those same bubbles in them;
the uterus during a gynecological examination does not correspond to the expected gestational age;
when performing an ultrasound scan at week 20, the fetus in the uterus is not visualized, but a picture of a “snow storm” is visible;
the clinic of early toxicosis is very strongly expressed;
the titer of chorionic gonadotropin in the blood is 1000 times higher than normal;
bleeding can be stopped only by curettage of the uterine cavity.

note: this pathology- this is an indication for constant monitoring in the antenatal clinic for 2 years with a systematic test for chorionic gonadotropin. Re-pregnancy is allowed only after 2 years with negative research results.

Implantation bleeding in the first trimester

It is considered a variant of the norm, since it does not pose a danger to the embryo. The mechanism of its development is as follows: the fetal egg is implanted in the uterine mucosa, during this process a vessel may be affected, due to which women experience minor bleeding in early pregnancy. This usually happens on the days when the expected next menstrual cycle. Therefore, women often mistake implantation bleeding for the next menstruation, since they simply do not know about pregnancy yet.

The clinical picture will then be as follows:

meager discharge;
duration of discharge from several hours to 2 days maximum;
bleeding does not increase.

Note:if the discharge is more abundant and accompanied by pain, then these are signs of another pathology, and not implantation bleeding.

Bleeding in early pregnancy due to miscarriage

With such a pathology, the fetus freezes in the early stages up to 12 weeks. The reason usually lies in the genetic disorders of the embryo, hormonal deficiency, acute infectious pathologies, which can be determined diagnostically. Sometimes this condition is asymptomatic for a woman.

In other cases, such symptoms are observed:

poor bloody discharge;
no signs of fetal vital activity on ultrasound;
lower abdominal pain;
sudden disappearance of signs of pregnancy;
softening of the mammary glands;
inconsistency of the size of the uterus with the gestational age.

Therapeutic tactics for a frozen pregnancy and the bleeding that accompanies it comes down to the hospitalization of a woman and curettage of the uterus.

Bleeding in early pregnancy: what to do?

Given the fact that the causes of bleeding can be different, if they occur, you should immediately consult a doctor.

If the blood discharge is insignificant, there is no pain, and the antenatal clinic is not far away, you can seek help there yourself.
When the blood is bright or the bleeding is strong, you need to call an ambulance and wait for it.