Name:
Retinol acetate (Retinol acetat)
Pharmachologic effect:
Retinol acetate (vitamin A) is a fat-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. Vitamin A is essential for normal growth and development of the body, supports visual function, stimulates the processes of regeneration and epithelialization, improves the nonspecific immune response and increases the body's resistance to adverse environmental conditions.
Retinol acetate oil solution eliminates vitamin A deficiency, which is caused by malnutrition, diseases digestive tract(which reduces intestinal absorption of retinol) and the liver.
Retinol acetate is absorbed in the upper small intestine. The peak plasma concentration of retinol when taken orally is reached within 4 hours. The drug creates high concentrations of vitamin A in the retina and liver, slightly lower concentrations are observed in the kidneys, fat depots, endocrine glands.
Excreted by the kidneys as metabolites and unchanged by the liver, the half-life of retinol reaches 9 hours.
Indications for use:
Retinol acetate is intended for the treatment of patients suffering from hypo- and avitaminosis A, retinitis pigmentosa, xerophthalmia, superficial keratitis, hemeralopia, conjunctivitis, pyoderma, corneal lesions and eczematous eyelid lesions.
Retinol acetate solution is used in the complex therapy of patients with rickets, acute diseases of the lungs and bronchi, malnutrition, collagenosis, skin lesions (as a means of stimulating regeneration and epithelization), as well as acute respiratory diseases occurring against the background of exudative diathesis.
Vitamin A can also be prescribed in the complex therapy of erosive-ulcerative and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver cirrhosis.
Retinol acetate is prescribed as prophylactic patients with an increased risk of stone formation in urinary tract.
Application method:
The drug Retinol acetate is intended for oral and external use. Orally, the drug is recommended to be taken 10-15 minutes after a meal.
Adults with beriberi A, as a rule, are prescribed 1-2 drops of the drug twice or thrice a day orally.
Adults with skin diseases, as a rule, are prescribed 5-10 drops of the drug twice a day (in combination with vitamin B2 in a daily dose of 20 mg) orally.
In case of skin lesions, an external application of the solution under a gauze bandage is prescribed up to 6 times a day (in combination with oral intake of vitamin A).
Children with skin diseases, as a rule, are prescribed, depending on age, 1-2 drops of the drug per day orally.
Undesirable phenomena:
Retinol acetate, as a rule, is well tolerated by patients, there are reports of isolated cases of hypersensitivity reactions that require discontinuation of the drug.
With prolonged therapy with vitamin A (especially when using high doses), chronic overdose and hypervitaminosis A may develop, the symptoms of which are headache, pain in the bones of the lower extremities, drowsiness, irritability, hyperthermia, excessive sweating, oliguria and exanthema.
With the development of these symptoms, you should immediately stop taking the drug Retinol acetate and consult a doctor.
Contraindications:
Retinol acetate is not prescribed for patients with individual hypersensitivity to vitamin A and soybean oil.
Oral use of the drug is contraindicated in children under 7 years of age.
Caution should be exercised when prescribing retinol acetate to patients suffering from acute and chronic nephritis and decompensated heart failure.
During pregnancy:
Particular care should be taken when prescribing Retinol acetate in the first trimester of pregnancy (taking into account the intake of vitamin A from food and other sources in connection with the development of the teratogenic effect of retinol acetate). The maximum recommended daily dose for pregnant women in the second and third trimester is 5000 IU (1 drop of Retinol acetate solution).
Application data oil solution not during lactation.
Interaction with other drugs:
With the combined use of a solution of Retinol acetate with vaseline oil, there is a decrease in the absorption of vitamin A in the intestine.
With the simultaneous use of retinol acetate with some carotenoids, an improvement in the immunobiological functions of the body is noted and the process of malignancy of the epithelium slows down.
The combined use of the solution is prohibited oil retinol acetate with others medicines containing vitamin A.
Overdose:
When using high doses of retinol acetate, patients may develop headache, vomiting, drowsiness, ataxia, irritability, and pain in the bones of the lower legs.
There is no specific antidote. In case of an overdose of retinol acetate, stop using the drug and consult your doctor. For the treatment of overdose, laxatives are prescribed. In case of retinol poisoning with acetate, symptomatic therapy and forced diuresis may be prescribed.
Release form of the drug:
Oil solution for oral and external use, 10 ml in dark glass bottles, in cardboard box 1 vial.
Storage conditions:
The oil solution of retinol acetate is stored for no more than 2 years after release in rooms with a temperature of 8 to 15 ° C.
Compound:
1 ml of Retinol acetate solution contains:
Vitamin A (retinol acetate) - 100,000 IU (0.0344 g),
Additional components.
1 drop of Retinol acetate solution contains:
Vitamin A (retinol acetate) - 5000 IU,
Additional components.
Similar drugs:
Immunovit (Imunovit) Quertin (Quertin) Askotsin (Ascozin) Volvit (Wolvit) Cocarboxylase hydrochloride (Cocarboxylase hydrochloride)
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Thank you very much!Active ingredient: 1 ml of solution contains retinol acetate (vitamin A), oil solution, in terms of 100% retinol acetate - 0.0344 g (100,000 IU);
Excipients.
Pharmacological properties:
Retinol (vitamin A) is necessary for metabolic processes, including the regulation of growth and development of a growing organism. It ensures the normal activity of the organ of vision, the structural integrity of tissues, increases the body's resistance to adverse environmental factors.With malnutrition and some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver, vitamin A deficiency (A-avitaminosis and A-hypovitaminosis) is observed. An early sign the latter is the deterioration of twilight vision, appetite, weight loss, weakening of the body's resistance to infections, etc.
Pharmacokinetics. Vitamin A is absorbed in the intestine almost completely. Retinol ether for effective absorption must first be saponified by a specific hydrolase, which in in large numbers contained in the outer layer of the intestinal mucosa, and then in the form of retinol penetrates the intestinal wall, where it immediately lends itself to esterification with fatty acids using a specific synthetase. Further, oxidation occurs to retinal, as well as retinoic acid. From the intestinal wall, retinol esters, retinol and retinal in the form of chylomicrons, and retinoic acid in combination with albumin are transported with lymph to the blood and deposited in the liver.
Indications for use:
Retinol Acetate is prescribed for A-avitaminosis and A-hypovitaminosis, eye diseases (pigmented, superficial, corneal lesions, and eczematous eyelid lesions). The drug is also used in complex therapy, acute respiratory diseases occurring against the background of acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, and collagenases, in pathological skin processes (frostbite, wounds, senile keratosis, skin, some forms,).
In addition, the appointment of the drug is indicated for inflammatory and ulcerative-erosive lesions of the intestine, cirrhosis of the liver, chronic gastritis, for the prevention of calculus formation in the urinary tract, etc.
Dosage and administration:
Retinol acetate is administered orally, 10-15 minutes after eating, and also externally. 1 ml of 3.44% solution (100,000 IU), 1 drop contains 3,000 IU.
When determining the doses of the drug, it is assumed that a single dose of Vitamin A is not more than 150,000 IU for adults, 1,650 IU for children under one year old, 3,300 IU from 1 year to 6 years, and 5,000 IU over 7 years. The highest daily dose for adults is 100,000 IU, for children - 20,000 IU.
Therapeutic doses of Vitamin A for mild and medium degree severity for adults - up to 33,000 ME per day. For skin diseases, the daily dose of Vitamin A for adults is 50,000-100,000 IU, for children 5,000-10,000-20,000 IU. With retinitis pigmentosa, xerophthalmia, hemeralopia, the daily dose for adults is 50,000 - 100,000 IU (at the same time, riboflavin is prescribed in a daily dose of 0.02 g). With lesions skin(ulcers, burns, frostbite, etc.) after hygienic cleaning, the affected areas are lubricated with a solution of Retinol acetate and covered with a gauze bandage (5-6 times a day, with a decrease in the number of applications to one as epithelization progresses). At the same time, drugs are prescribed orally.
In pediatric practice, in the complex therapy of rickets, acute respiratory diseases occurring against the background of exudative diathesis, acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, malnutrition and collagenoses, a solution of retinol acetate in oil 3.44% is prescribed after meals 1 time per day, 1 drop only for children over 7 years old. Children under the age of 7 years are prescribed the drug in dosage form dragee.
Application Features:
The use of Vitamin A, especially in large doses, should be carried out under medical supervision.
Side effects:
Long-term daily intake of Vitamin A, especially in large doses, can cause the development of hypervitaminosis A. Children experience fever, sweating, drowsiness, petechiae and skin rash, oliguria. It is also possible to develop an increase in the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid, which in children infancy leads to the development and protrusion of fontanelles. In adults, drowsiness, irritability, gait disorder, pain in the bones of the lower extremities are noted. If these phenomena occur, the drug should be stopped immediately.
Interaction with other drugs:
Vitamin A is incompatible with hydrochloric, acetylsalicylic acids. Estrogen preparations with simultaneous use increase the development of hypervitaminosis A. Retinol reduces the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids.
Contraindications:
With caution, the drug is prescribed for acute and chronic nephritis, with decompensation of cardiac activity and during pregnancy (in the first 3 months of the latter, due to the possibility of a teratogenic effect of Vitamin A, the drug is not recommended).
Storage conditions:
Store in a place protected from light and out of the reach of children, at a temperature not exceeding + 10 ° C.
Shelf life - 2 years.
Fat-soluble vitamin A, also known as retinol, is formed in the body from provitamin beta-carotene under the action of enzymes in the small intestine. Already during the period of bearing a child, he takes an active part in the development of the fetus, placenta, strengthens the immune system and maintains the normal state of the organs of a pregnant woman. In order for the born baby to grow and develop normally, it is necessary that vitamin A be present in his diet (and in the diet of the mother, if she is breastfeeding).
Vitamin A: benefits and content in foods
When a young mother solves the problem of "vitaminization", the main questions that concern her are "for what?", "from what?" and “is it necessary at all?” Vitamin A is definitely necessary for a child, because:
- promotes the growth and formation of the skeleton;
- regulates the functions of the digestive and respiratory systems;
- improves eyesight;
- regenerates mucous membranes.
To realize all these properties most fully, you need nutrition, which may contain such products:
At cooking of the products described above, some of their properties are lost, therefore, when using prepared food only up to 85% of the useful substance is absorbed.
By the way, retinol is much better absorbed "in the company" of vitamin E, which is contained, for example, in vegetable oil.
How to enrich the child's diet? If complementary foods have already been introduced, treat your child several times a week carrot puree. For variety, you can alternate it with a mixed puree, such as carrot-apple.
Do I need to "vitaminize"
Doctors usually recommend vitamins (or their complexes) in conditions of poor ecology and low biological value of products with which it is difficult to obtain all the necessary amount of nutrients. This is especially true for babies under one year old. Here are the main factors by which you can determine the need for additional "fortification".
- Lactation. If mom is familiar with the principles proper nutrition and adhered to them during and after pregnancy, there are no stresses in her life, and she is often in the sun - up to 6 months the child is quite enough breast milk, but only on condition that the beneficial substances enter the milk.
- Artificial feeding. Vitamin supplements are assigned to "artificial" babies already at 3-4 weeks of age, in greater numbers than to infants.
- Age after 6 months. At this time, the doctor already advises drugs that should be preferred. It takes into account the characteristics of complementary foods, the diet of the mother, regional, climatic and epidemiological features. An important indicator is heredity.
In what form, when and how much to give
For kids, only special, children's vitamins are suitable: they have a different dosage and composition than those of "adult" products. There is no fundamental difference in the forms of release, because the beneficial substance acts the same in any form. You can get vitamin A for kids in drops, as well as in syrup or gel form - these are the easiest to use. In addition, the vials are supplied with pipettes with dispensers, which allows you to accurately determine the amount.
Now let's talk about how and in what volume it is necessary to give such drugs.
Reception time and quantity
Best of all, the metabolism “works” in the first half of the day (morning and afternoon), any useful substances are perfectly absorbed. If you are breastfeeding, aim for an especially high vitamin A breakfast. If you are giving drops to your baby, this should be done either with meals or immediately after meals.
Sometimes a doctor advises retinol for a preventive purpose - it is usually recommended to take it 15 minutes after a meal, once or twice a day (for example, in the morning and in the evening). But this is not a universal principle: recommendations for all children are individual.
Read the instructions carefully, which required amount, or follow your doctor's special instructions. For your reference, here general recommendations about how much vitamin A per day children of a certain age should receive. Doses are given in milligrams, micrograms and international units, since different manufacturers have different designations.
| Age | mg (milligram) | mcg (microgram) | IU (international unit) |
|---|---|---|---|
| up to 6 months | 0,4 | 400 | 1333 |
| from 7 to 12 months | 0.5 | 500 | 1667 |
| 1 - 3 years | 0,3 | 300 | 1000 |
Possible allergy
Make sure that the preparations do not contain fragrances, preservatives, dyes that can cause allergic reactions even in healthy children. You need to watch for the following signs:
- skin itching;
- dryness or peeling of the skin;
- poor appetite (for several feedings).
In this case, the drug should be discontinued and consult a pediatrician. Allergies often disappear without a trace when prescribing the same remedy, but from a different manufacturer.
Shortage and overdose
Despite the ability to accumulate in the body, a lack of vitamin A in a child is possible. Special tests for vitamin and mineral characteristics of blood cannot be taken in a regular clinic, but there are some characteristics hypovitaminosis.
- General state . growth retardation. Insomnia. Frequent infections (gastrointestinal, respiratory tract).
- Skin. Dry, pale, flaky. Cracks on the balls of the fingers, on the soles. Greyish itchy patches on abdomen, buttocks, elbows, knees.
- Hair . Dull with dandruff. Hair loss is possible.
- mucous membranes. Erosion (often manifested in the form of stomatitis), pustules (furunculosis).
- Eyes . Inflammation (conjunctivitis, etc.) Impaired lacrimation and dryness of the cornea (can be judged by loss of luster). Photophobia.
Hypovitaminosis A is especially dangerous in early age- it can cause blindness (due to melting of the cornea and perforation of the eyeball).
It is necessary to contact a specialist in a timely manner. In the case of a specific or severe hypovitaminosis condition, intramuscular injections of an oily solution of retinol acetate may be prescribed. Only an experienced doctor can determine the volume of injections and carry out the procedures correctly.
There are cases of hypervitaminosis A. In this case, the child:
- possible hydrocephalus;
- increased intracranial pressure;
- the fontanel swells, pulsates;
- there is vomiting, increased urination, sweating, rash.
Analyzing the feedback from parents, especially about vitamins A and D, we can conclude: moderation is the main principle. You can not use these funds uncontrollably, in the absence of indications, without the advice of a doctor. Doses, course of administration - all this should be controlled by a specialist.
Please note: vitamin A for children under one year old is required if they are often sick, and especially if there is a lag in mental or physical development.
European scientists have calculated that even with balanced diet and a varied diet, the lack of vitamins in the body can reach 20-30%. Many parents would like to provide their baby with useful substances only through natural food, but, obviously: in reality, this desire cannot be fully realized. This means that vitamin A for children (especially those who are often sick, as well as in seasons when many products are not available) should be of pharmaceutical origin, and only a doctor can recommend the method of its use.