Sunscreen against UVA and UVB rays: which one to choose? Protection factor: all about sunscreens

High protection sunscreen is designed to protect the skin from harmful effects ultraviolet rays in summer period. In the cosmetics section, you will find a variety of sunscreens that differ in brand, name, and SPF factor, which ranges from 4 to 50. Here you will learn what the abbreviation SPF 50 means, how to choose a sunscreen with a high degree of protection, as well as what skin phototypes are and what they are.

Historical reference

At present, the cult of tanned skin prevails in most of the globe. The reverse situation is observed only in Asian countries, where the desire to have a clean and white skin. But even in the last century, in the highest circles, there was an opinion that the skin should remain untouched by the sun, but because no one knew what a sunscreen with a high degree of protection was, and his invention would seem inappropriate. Wide-brimmed hats, gloves, closed robes - all this served for protection, because snow-white skin was known as a symbol of belonging to high society.

But the beginning of the 20th century was marked by changes. Already in the 20s, Coco Chanel made a splash, literally infecting everyone with a love for tanning. After the cream of society, they certainly basked in the sun and had a chic bronze skin tone.

Since then, the percentage of skin cancer cases has increased significantly, and the aging process of the skin has also accelerated. The passion for sunbathing began to be accompanied by attempts to avoid burns and other negative consequences by applying special emulsions or creams.

What is useful sunburn

Contact with the sun's rays is necessary for health, beauty and good mood:

• Vitamin D, produced in the body during exposure to the sun, strengthens bones and ensures the absorption of important trace elements such as calcium and phosphorus.
• Deficiency of ultraviolet exposure reduces the production of collagen, which provokes the early formation of wrinkles.
• The rays of the sun contribute to the synthesis of endorphins in the body - hormones of joy that charge with optimism and mood.

Classification of skin phototypes

Dermatologist Thomas Fitzpatrick is credited with the phototypology of skin color.

According to the scientist, there are six varieties.

Celtic type

So the owners of the Celtic phototype are characterized by light skin, pigmentation in the form of freckles, light eye color, blond or red hair. Such people instantly burn, their skin does not perceive a tan.

nordic type

A little darker relative to the Celts are representatives of the Nordic phototype. Their hair has light shades, mostly blond, light eyes. The skin can tan, but for the most part it still quickly turns red under the scorching rays.

Central European type

The next phototype - Central European is represented by ivory skin, no freckles, brown, green or blue eyes, light brown and chestnut curls. Subject to sunburn, blush and get burned only in rare exceptions.

mediterranean type

A tan fits well on people of the Mediterranean phototype, and it is almost impossible to get burned. Their eye color is brown, hazel and black, as is their hair. The skin is swarthy without freckles.

Eastern type

The oriental phototype is characterized by brown or black eyes, black hair, dark skin. Such people do not burn under the sun, the tan falls easily and evenly.

African type

The darkest phototype is African. The color of the skin, hair and eyes of the owners of this type of the darkest shade. Basically, they don't burn.

What is SPF - decoding factors

Depending on the phototype, certain people burn for different time periods. For some, it takes 10 minutes, for others, redness does not appear even after an hour.

SPF (Sun Protection Factor) is a protective factor that increases the minimum erythema dose by a certain number of times.

All sunscreens contain a certain amount of components that create barriers against the penetration of ultraviolet rays, their scattering and absorption by the skin. Therefore, products with an SPF of 15 to 30 do not prevent penetration sun rays, they only increase the time of safe exposure to the sun from 20 minutes by 15 or 30 times, respectively. The higher this number, the stronger the protection.

If you burn in 7 minutes without applying a special composition to the skin, then when using a product with an SPF 5 indicator, you will extend the safe period to 35 minutes. Naturally, these figures are conditional, and in fact it all comes down to an individual reaction.

Degree of sun protection

SPF indicators are divided into basic, medium, high and intensive levels of protection:

• 2-4 - protect by 50-75% from ultraviolet exposure.
• 4-10 - protect the skin by 85%.
• 10-20 - preserve the integrity of the skin by 95%.
• 20-30 - block up to 97% ultraviolet radiation.
• 30-50 - provide 99.5% protection.

All other promises are marketing ploy cosmetic companies. Therefore, it makes no sense to overpay for an unreasonably high factor.

SPF level - the most important criterion in the process of choosing a sunscreen. Consider individual characteristics and in what situations you will use the tool, and not the brand and its popularity.

How to choose a high protection sunscreen

There is a persistent opinion that a sunscreen with a high degree of protection is guaranteed to protect against the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays. And that the higher the sun protection factor, the longer you can stay in direct sunlight without fear of burning. This is not a completely correct statement.

With an increase in SPF, the percentage of filtered UVB rays increases slightly.

For most people, products with a value of 30 units are suitable, for children's and elderly skin, as well as in special occasions, at skin diseases, after cosmetic peelings, plastic surgeries, it is better to use SPF50.

The cream is selected according to the criteria of age, lifestyle, skin condition and the regional index of ultraviolet radiation, which can be peeped in the extended weather forecast.

Under the lifestyle is understood, first of all, your time spent under the sun. So, for example, a mother on maternity leave, walking outdoors for many hours every day, will acquire a more intense remedy than a representative of the office environment, sitting indoors from morning to evening.

After 35 years, the natural protection of the skin weakens, and after 50 it practically disappears, therefore, products with a higher degree of sun protection are required than in youth.

Broad spectrum products promise maximum protection, i.e. those that protect against UVA and UVB at the same time. True, the addition of components that resist UVA to the formulation reduces the intensity of tanning to some extent. In this situation, it is necessary to find a compromise between health and the desired degree of tanning.

The label will tell you everything: what should be in the composition of the sunscreen

Sunscreens contain two types of protective components:

1. chemical filters that penetrate the skin and transform solar energy in thermal;
2. physical screens that, remaining on the surface, reflect the rays.

Screens are easily removed from the skin, so filters are considered to be more reliable.

The most photostable and popular filters:

• avobenzone;
• mexoril;
• tinosorb;
• compounds from the benzophenone family.

But some, for example, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), are recognized as dangerous and oncogenic. For children, people with sensitive skin prone to allergic reactions, dermatitis, products with shielding substances, such as zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, are more suitable, since they do not penetrate the epidermis.

An excellent addition will be regenerating and moisturizing ingredients:

• panthenol;
• dimethicone;
• herbal extracts - calendula, chamomile;
• vitamin E;
• various oils - shea, jojoba, cocoa and others.

But the presence of parabens, perfumed fragrances, acids, as well as vitamin A (retinol), on the contrary, is undesirable. The latter, by the way, although a vitamin, is not at all useful in this case, since it causes hypersensitivity skin to ultraviolet light.

According to its properties, the cream must be resistant to water and sweat, and the label indicates at what interval it must be renewed.

Creamy products and milk are great for dry skin, the spray is convenient when applied to male skin with hairy areas, and gels and alcohol-containing products will appeal to owners of oily skin.

Which is better to buy: 5 safest sunscreens

1. Sun protective cream Face & BodyThink, Thinkbaby, 50 SPF. Active ingredients: zinc oxide 20%. Does not contain harmful and toxic chemical substances. It applies and absorbs very well without leaving a greasy feeling.
2. Kiss My Face Sunscreen, 50 SPF. Active ingredients: avobenzone 3.0%, homosalate 6.0%, octinoxate 7.5%, octysate 5.0%, zinc oxide 2.5%. Does not contain artificial dyes or fragrances. Rich in antioxidants that fight skin damage and the appearance of wrinkles.
3. Alba Botanica Hawaiian Sunscreen, 45 SPF. Active ingredients: homosalate 10.0%, octocrylene 10.0%, ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate 7.5%, ethylhexyl salicylate 5.0%. Moisturizer natural remedy with revitalizing broad spectrum green tea.
4. BabyGanics Mineral Sun Spray, 50 SPF. Active ingredients: zinc oxide - 11.2%, octinoxate - 7.5%, octazate - 5.0%. An economical product in a convenient spray form. Contains a blend of natural vegetable oils.
5. Neutrogena Ultra Dry Sunscreen, SPF 55. Active ingredients: avobenzone 3%, homosalate 10%, octinoxate 5%, octocrylene 2.8%, oxybenzone 6%. Protects against broad spectrum UVA and UVB rays. Absorbs quickly, lightweight formula keeps skin feeling clean.

How to use sunscreen correctly

Sunlight is very beneficial for the body, and moderate, light tan visually reduces volumes and refreshes. Why do dermatologists and cosmetologists unanimously repeat: exposure to the sun is harmful, uttering the unpleasant word “photoaging”? Is it possible to avoid the negative effects of sun exposure and get the golden-chocolate skin tone so desired by most women? Yes, you just need to know how to use sunscreen.

How to store sunscreen

Sunscreen, even with a high degree of protection, requires regular renewal, so take it with you to the beach. Often a tube of cream stays on for a long time. open sun heats up and starts to deteriorate. IN best case its effect will weaken, at worst - an allergy will appear. Therefore, you need to ensure that the cream remains in the cosmetic bag, you need to get it before use and immediately after - hide it. Ideally, if the sunscreen will always be in the shade.

Compliance with the expiration date is equally important, although this only applies to unopened packaging. If the cream remains from last season, do not look at the indicated expiration date on the package, you can no longer use it, you will have to buy a new one. Therefore, it is best to use the tube during the summer and discard at the end of the season.

How to apply sunscreen correctly

The cream should be completely absorbed and begin to act before leaving the house, so it must be applied 15-20 minutes in advance. While on the beach, apply the cream after swimming: the effectiveness of even a waterproof cream is significantly reduced.

Sit on the shore - and then you need to renew the layer of cream every couple of hours, applying at least 2 milligrams per square centimeter of skin, that is, at least two tablespoons must be applied to the entire body.

Sprays from the sun are used similarly, many prefer just this form, as well as emulsions. There is no fundamental difference, you can choose any tool to your liking.

Doctors recommend: no matter what remedy you apply to the body, the most sensitive areas- lips, eyelids, age spots and others - lubricate with a hard stick SPF50+. This powerful tool is guaranteed to protect delicate skin from the damaging effects of the sun.

Sadly, no remedy will save you 100%. Accept additional measures protection, wear wide-brimmed hats, since they are back in fashion, complete your look with stylish sunglasses and limit your exposure to the sun during its hours increased activity. These truisms, along with the right high-protection sunscreen, will keep your skin and mood safe. Everything is in good measure. Take care of yourself and your chocolate tan!

• What is SPF factor
• Cream with SPF for every day
• Overview of funds

What is SPF factor

Face cream with SPF protection – cosmetic product, which we must use on a daily basis, so approach its choice with all seriousness. Today, the range of sunscreens is quite wide and meets a variety of requirements.

SPF (English Sun Protection Factor, in translation - “sun protection factor”) is an index that determines the level of protection from the sun, namely ultraviolet B rays (UVB). And the number next to the abbreviation tells how much UV will hit the skin when using the product:

at SPF 10, the skin will receive 1/10 of the total radiation, that is, the filter will block about 90% of UVB rays;

SPF 15 will cut off 93% of the rays;

the tallest of possible levels protection 50+ neutralizes 98-99% of UVB radiation.

Choose a face cream with SPF according to your phototype.

Sun protection factor SPF only applies to UVB rays that cause burns, not UVA - the culprits early aging and pathological changes in skin cells.

Recently, a separate label has been introduced to inform consumers about the degree of protection against UVA radiation: in accordance with the recommendation of the European Commission, the UVA symbol in a circle is applied to the packaging of sunscreens. This means that the formula provides at least the minimum level of UVA protection (minimum 1/3 of UVB protection), which increases with the SPF value.

How to choose a really good cream

A sunscreen will keep your skin safe when you select it based on several criteria, including filter type and your own phototype.

Filter types

There are two types of filters that differ from each other by the principle of operation.

1. 1

   Physical, or mineral (titanium dioxide and zinc oxide) reflect the sun's rays on the principle of a mirror.

   They are part of creams from sun protection lines and fluid screens with high SPF, which are applied over a moisturizer and create a protective film on the skin. In everyday SPF creams, they are used infrequently: the mineral particles are too large, overload the formula, make the texture heavier and give the face a characteristic whitish tint.

2. 2

   Chemical (there are more than 20 compounds, including parsol 1789, avobenzone, oxybenzone) do not repel, but absorb and neutralize UV ​​rays.

   Unlike physical ones, they are destroyed within two hours of continuous insolation. Therefore, reapplying every two hours in direct sunlight is strictly necessary.

Face cream with SPF is useful both on vacation and on working days.

Determine your phototype

This criterion indicates the degree of sensitivity of the skin to ultraviolet radiation. Sensitivity is determined by the amount of protective pigment - melanin, which is produced in the sun in the lower layers of the epidermis. The classification was made by Dr. Thomas Fitzpatrick in 1975, dividing humanity into 6 groups according to the totality of external signs.

1. 1

   I Celtic type. Symptoms: milky white or pink skin, which is called porcelain for an even tone. Red hair, light eyes, a scattering of freckles on the face and body. Burn instantly, do not sunbathe at all.

2. 2

   II European (Scandinavian, Nordic). Representatives of this phototype resemble the previous one in appearance: light skin and eyes, blond hair. They quickly burn, sunbathe badly, but when tanned, the skin acquires not a red, but a golden hue.

3. 3

   III Central European (mixed). Ivory skin. Hair - dark blond, chestnut. Eyes - brown or light. There are no freckles or they become visible only in the season of active sun. They sunbathe well, although they can burn.

4. 4

   IV Mediterranean type, or South European. Typical inhabitants of Spain, Italy, Greece. They are easily recognizable by their dark olive skin. Eyes and hair are dark. They tan quickly, without burns.

5. 5

   V Asian (Eastern). These people are distinguished by swarthy skin, dark hair and eyes. They sunbathe perfectly, getting burned for them is almost impossible.

6. 6

   VI African type. Very dark skin, hair and eyes. They don't burn.

The most vulnerable to ultraviolet light are I-III phototypes. Dermatologists advise such people to take a responsible approach to the choice of sunscreen.

What SPF do you need

The choice of sunscreen depends on the circumstances of your life: location, time of year and day.

The lighter the skin, the lower its own defense mechanism, which means the higher the likelihood of a burn. The first three phototypes - white-skinned, and therefore practically defenseless - require the maximum high SPF 50+. Representatives of phototypes from the fourth to the sixth - SFP 20 and 30.

Regardless of skin type, it is recommended to reapply sunscreen every 2 hours. In the summer in the southern countries, the sun is merciless, and people are characterized by indiscretion, forgetfulness and just laziness: a little gape, carelessly smeared - and did not notice how burned. In addition, no sunscreen is 100% safe, so it's important to be mindful of the rules of sun exposure.

In places of increased UV activity (sea, mountains, hot countries), choose a cream with SPF 30-50. Below are more specific recommendations.

In addition to sunscreens, the cream contains antioxidants.

Cream with SPF for every day

If everything is more or less clear with the sun and the beach, then the need for UV protection in urban environments is questionable. Is it necessary at all, especially in winter? The answer to this question depends on the UV index at that particular time. Look into the weather app on your smartphone and act according to the circumstances.

UV-index below 2 - you can do without SPF.

The UV index is below 4 and you do not plan to stay outside for more than 30 minutes - you can not defend yourself.

UV index 4-6 - use a cream with SPF 20.

UV-index above 6 - solar protection with a factor of 25-30 is required.

Cosmetics developers and manufacturers do not always include SPF in daily cream for the face, preferring not to overload the formula aimed at solving specific cosmetic problems: moisturizing, nourishing, fighting wrinkles. But in the solar lines appear every year various means with innovative textures and additional effects, addressed to different skin types.

The higher the UV index, the stronger the photoprotection should be.

Overview of funds

Once you're shopping for the right sunscreen, think about where you're going to use it the most. If you thought that buying a protective cream is only for the holidays, you are mistaken. For daily use in the city, this tool is no less important.

Protection in the city

Sunscreens for the city will have at least three fundamental differences.

Toning care 3 in 1 against age spots Ideal Soleil SPF 50+

Evens out complexion, reduces the size of age spots, gives radiance. Non-greasy.

Refreshing milk "Protection and hydration" SPF 15, LOréal Paris

Contains moisturizing aloe vera juice and natural green tea extract, rich in antioxidants and tannins.

Mattifying cream against imperfections Ideal Soleil SPF 30, Vichy

Prevents acne and corrects the imperfections of oily, problematic skin. Contains acids.

Ultralight facial fluid Anthelios XL SPF 50+, La Roche-Posay

All-in-one weightless protection with natural antioxidants for hypersensitive skin.

Beach protection

Everything is strict with beach formulas: water resistance (an indispensable condition) plus a filter of at least “thirty”.

Sunscreens for the face, suitable for going to the beach.

1. Sunscreen with a high degree of protection and moisturizing Ultra Facial Defense SPF 50, SkinCeuticals

Provides not only powerful protection, but also maintains the level of moisture in the skin. Contains shea butter.

2. 2

   Extra Protection Face Cream SPF 50+, L "Oréal Paris

   Provides multi-protection of cells, effective for the prevention of wrinkles and pigmentation.

Cream for face and body "Expert Protection" SPF 50, Garnier

Waterproof, hypoallergenic, absorbs quickly, protects against UVB and UVA rays.

3. 4

   Multi-corrective anti-aging SPF cream 30, Kiehl's

   Improves appearance skin and corrects the signs of aging: increases elasticity, gives radiance

4. 5

   Mattifying Gel Cream Anthelios XL SPF 50+, La Roche-Posay

   Addressed to oily and problematic skin. Contains airy microparticles that absorb sebum.

Summer... Each of us loves to soak up the rays of the gentle sun, lie down on the beach, getting a beautiful, even tan. Yes, and just walking the streets in clear weather in the hot season (and even all year round if it happens somewhere in Australia or Southeast Asia), we are at risk. Why? Because in addition to sunburn, they can cause significant harm to our skin. The result of their excessive exposure is dryness. skin, especially the areas of the face, arms, shoulders - that is, those places that are not hidden under clothes in hot weather; the appearance of freckles and age spots; and in severe cases, the sun's rays can cause one of the most difficult forms of cancer to treat, melanoma. How to protect yourself and your child? Use a product with SPF. What it is, how to choose it correctly depending on your skin type, and which brands you should trust, we will tell in our article. By the way, the sun is quite active in winter, so protection should be used on clear winter days, applying it to the face under makeup.

All about SPF: what it is, its levels and determining which indicator you need

So, SPF (Sun Protection Factor) is a special substance, the main purpose of which is to absorb and neutralize the effects of sunlight. The level of this factor is usually indicated on the packaging of the product and can range from 5 to 100-120 (the scale is from weak to strong). Manufacturers produce sunscreen products in the form of lotions, sprays, wipes. You may also come across a cream with SPF for lips. Usually level SPF addition or other means is indicated on the package. But which factor indicator should you choose? There is a simple rule: you need to determine how long your skin turns red under the scorching sun - usually this period is 10-15 minutes (although dark-skinned women can turn red after half an hour, while natural "Scandinavian" type blondes are enough for 2-5 minutes). So, the specified interval, let it be a quarter of an hour, you need to multiply by the SPF indicator indicated on your product, for example SPF 20. 15 x 20 \u003d 300 minutes, that is, you can safely spend 5 hours in the sun. It's that simple.

SPF: choose depending on the skin phototype

So if you've just started taking sunbathing, for example, in the first few days at the resort, dermatologists recommend purchasing products whose SPF is slightly higher than you need. If you are the owner fair skin and hair, you will need SPF 50. But in the beginning, in the very first days, it would still be better to use a product with an indicator of 70. If you moderately choose products with SPF 15-20. For children, especially the youngest, whose skin does not yet produce sufficient amounts of the protective pigment melanin, use creams or lotions with SPF 80-100.

Funds with SPF: application rules

Keep in mind that creams and lotions should be applied 15-20 minutes before sun exposure to allow them to absorb into the skin. When spreading, pay special attention to the face, shoulders, hands. Also, don't forget about your back. Lips also need protection - you can apply a special hygienic lipstick with a protective factor. Although many manufacturers claim that their products are resistant to water, it’s still not worth the risk: if after applying the product with SPF you swam in the sea or pool, don’t be lazy and use the lotion again. It is better to spend a few minutes on this than to suffer after a few days

Popular Brands with SPF

We have already found out what it is: products with a protective factor are presented in the form of all kinds of creams, lotions and sprays. The most popular manufacturers whose products have an excellent price-quality ratio are Garnier, Nivea, Sunshine and Red Line. These are inexpensive, democratic brands. Keep in mind that your hair also needs protection, so on the beach it is better to hide it under a cap or scarf or use special sprays. So, now you have the basic information about the SPF factor: what it is, how to calculate it correctly and which tool to choose. Now your holiday will not be overshadowed by sunburn, and your skin will get an even, intense, but at the same time healthy tan.

Cream with built-in special filters protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays. The need to use such a tool arises before going on vacation and other situations that a person needs to be in the open sun for a long time. To protect the skin, not get burns and age spots, you need to choose the right sunscreen. To do this, pay attention to important aspects below.

Composition, features, types of sunscreen

Modern manufacturing firms have already flooded the market with newfangled cosmetics body care. There are several types of sun protection creams. The first includes physical (that is, natural) filters, the second includes chemical ones. Which one is better is hard to say.

The main difference between the varieties lies in the very interaction with ultraviolet radiation. A natural filter reflects rays, a chemical one absorbs them. The product of physical origin is called "Sunscreen", chemical - "Sunblock".

Chemicals absorb the most dangerous ultra-violet rays class A and B, but not every manufacturer can provide a guarantee. Therefore, you need to buy funds from leading manufacturers.

Cream with physical filter

The physical filter is also called mineral, natural, natural. The cream protects the skin thanks to the inclusion of zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and iron oxide. The listed mineral compounds do not penetrate deep into the dermis, they act directly on the surface of the skin after application. Minerals act as reflective particles, glaring in the sun.

Zinc oxide is an inorganic type compound that is beneficial to the skin and prevents the effects of free radicals. Titanium dioxide has the ability to reflect UV rays.

The difference between a physical and a chemical filter lies in the absolute safety of the former. Creams with natural ingredients do not cause allergies, do not color the skin, do not contribute to the development of dermatitis. The particle size of a natural filter is measured in nano units.

The main negative characteristic of natural filters is the appearance of a whitish coating after using such cosmetics.

Cream with chemical filter

The chemicals that make up the basis of cosmetics protect the human body from ultraviolet radiation by creating a thin film on the skin. The cream penetrates into the subcutaneous layer, after which it is transformed into a photoisomer. As a result, a reaction occurs that releases inconspicuous long waves protecting the epidermis.

A tool based on a chemical filter does not act immediately, you need to wait about 30-40 minutes. That is why such cosmetics are applied in advance before going out into the scorching sun.

The filter owes its properties to the composition. It includes mexoryl, cinnamate, oxybenzone, benzophenone, parsol, octoprilene, avobenzone, camphor and others. Research by scientists on this list of substances is ambiguous. Some prove the harmful transformation of these compounds into free radicals, while others assure absolute safety. You decide.

There is reliable evidence that benzophenone, which is part of the composition, leads to a deterioration in reproductive performance in men and women. The product is absorbed into the skin and carried by the bloodstream throughout the body, negatively affecting the human reproductive system. Avobenzone has also been shown to be dangerous.

Important!
Regardless of which cream you prefer, you should know that the composition of the product includes elements that are extremely valuable for the skin. Among them are zinc, calcium, olive oil, almond oil, wheat germ pomace, coke extract. Sometimes they turn on vitamin complexes, for example, retinol (vitamin A) and tocopherol (vitamin E). All of these components lead to even tan no stains or burns. The secret of a quality cream lies in its gentle treatment of the skin.

Selection of cream taking into account the phototype

Type #1. This category includes fair-haired people with light skin and eyes (preferably blue). A person with such a phototype is a clear blond, red-haired or fair-haired. The skin in this case tans extremely quickly, so it is necessary to choose products with maximum UV protection - a factor of 50 or more.

Type #2. The eyes are gray or brown, the hairline is light (light brown, blond). There is a risk of getting burned under the scorching sun, but it is reduced by 30% than type No. 1. In the heat of the day, you need to buy a cream with a factor of 30-45; on ordinary summer days, SPF-20 is suitable.

Type #3. In the vastness of our homeland and nearby regions, there are more people of this type than anyone else. The Caucasoid race is a medium or light-skinned people with medium and dark blond, chestnut strands. Eyes brown, green, grey. If you are this type, buy a cream with an SPF of 15-20 units.

Type number 4. This category includes categories of citizens with dark hair and in moderation dark skin. The risk of burning is minimal, so you need to buy a cream with a low index. The main thing is that it does not miss ultraviolet light. A tool with an indicator of 10 units is suitable.

Type number 5. This segment includes citizens living in the vastness of North Africa. People with very dark skin can spend hours under the scorching sun without risking sunburn. But for protection purposes, it is still worth using a tool with a minimum protection factor.

Suitable SPF

1. Choosing the right sunscreen with a filter should be based on your skin type and how long you've been exposed to UV rays. For normal type and skin tone (European), it is customary to use a composition with an index of 20-30 units.
2. The product with a protective filter protects the skin from the aggressive effects of the sun and allows you to get a uniform tan. If you have recently had peeling or you have minor burns, allergies, it is better to choose a cream with an index of 50 or more. The product is great for pigmented skin.

Care products

1. Direct sunlight adversely affects the condition of the skin. Therefore, such a phenomenon can be considered a full-fledged test without protective equipment.
2. Experts recommend purchasing creams not only with the function of protecting against ultraviolet rays, but also with the ability to nourish skin cells with the necessary enzymes.
3. A suitable remedy in this case is the presence of panthenol, vegetable oils and soothing extracts in the composition.

Product quality

1. Most little-known companies produce sun protection products with an overestimated filter rating.
2. Therefore, try to purchase sunscreens from famous manufacturers. These products are subject to strict controls. The packaging indicates the declared level of SPF.

Allergy cream test

1. If you suffer from any allergic reaction, the remedy must be selected especially carefully. Study the composition of the sunscreen, it may contain ingredients that provoke allergies.
2. Some people are sensitive to certain minerals. These include compounds of "sunscreens". If you have hypersensitive skin, “sun blocks” can also provoke an unpleasant reaction.

Cream water resistance

1. If you are going to sunbathe near a body of water, you need to choose a product that is waterproof.
2. Keep in mind, in any case, after bathing, it is recommended to reapply the composition. The cream will help protect the dermis while swimming.

SPF index

1. When choosing a cream, it is important to consider your own age. The older the person, the higher the index protection score should be.
2. In adulthood, the skin requires proper care and more strong protection from the aggressive effects of ultraviolet radiation. The natural functions of the age-related epidermis are greatly reduced.

1. When choosing protective cosmetics, be sure to take into account the characteristics of the skin. If you are going on vacation near water bodies, give preference to moisture-resistant compounds. Such creams are not washed off with water and remain on the skin for a long time.
2. Give preference to protective creams with the ability to care for the skin. Such products should include soft nutritional components. The composition will provide protection, prevent redness and dehydration of cells.
3. If you are the owner of a sensitive skin, in the first days of rest in the open sun, give preference to sunscreens with maximum protection from ultraviolet rays.
4. To protect the skin of the face from the aggressive sun, you need to use individual cosmetics with a targeted effect. You can use sunscreen under makeup. The main condition remains that the product should be well absorbed and not leave a shine.
5. Keep in mind that a thick sunscreen protects against ultraviolet radiation much better than any spray. If you intend to apply the cream daily, give preference to a product with SPF protection. As a rule, it can be the usual BB cream or foundation.
6. When purchasing a composition, always pay attention to the expiration date. The cream should have a uniform consistency. It is also recommended to buy funds issued this year, despite the fact that last year's ones have not expired.

Tips for using sunscreen

Many people simply do not know how to use sunscreen, how much to apply it.

1. The composition with a chemical filter is distributed 30-40 minutes before going out into the scorching sun. If we are talking about a physical filter, it can be distributed on the skin a quarter of an hour before sunbathing.
2. If you do not swim, then the cream will last and will work for 2 hours. After the specified period, it must be reapplied. If you swim in the sea, the composition is used immediately after leaving the water.
3. The recommendations of experts say that the volume of the cream should be comparable to a tennis ball. But no one uses this amount, but you should not regret the cream, apply it in large quantities.
4. If you are going on vacation, it is better to stock up on several types of funds with different factor protection. In the first money, apply the composition with SPF-50, then gradually switch to SPF-30, 20.

It is easy to choose a quality sunscreen, given some of the nuances and features of the skin. Be careful when choosing a remedy if you have allergic reactions. Get a quality composition from a well-known brand.

Video: how to choose sunscreen

Protect your skin from harmful radiation and it will repay you with youth and health. If you love to be in the sun and at the same time neglect sunscreen, one day it can end very sadly. You look at yourself in the mirror and be surprised at the changes that have happened to you. Where did these wrinkles, age spots, or - even worse - a strange kind of mole that did not exist before come from? Doctors are convinced that it is never too late to change your habits and start treating your skin more carefully. Unfortunately, you will not be able to turn back the clock, but it is in your power to make sure that the condition of your skin does not worsen. Our advice will help you choose suitable creams from the sun with a high protection factor.

How to choose creams with a sun protection factor?

Buy what you like. The cream should match your lifestyle and addictions. If you don't like the texture or smell of a product, you probably won't be using it as often as you need to. Buy what suits you in all respects. Sunscreens with a transparent, non-sticky texture: Invisible Protection Spray, Nivea Sun; spray resistant to moisture and sweat, Sun Sport, Lancaster.

Study the composition. Pay attention to the protective components that make up the product, because the effectiveness of the cream depends on them. Titanium dioxide, zinc oxide and avobenzone, also referred to as Parsol 1789, work best. Titanium and zinc in the cream provide protection from rays of type A and B, and chemical protective elements block predominantly rays of B and only some rays of group A. The exceptions are avobenzene and mexoril, which protect the skin from all types of sun rays. Mexoryl® filter sunscreens that provide absolute skin protection from ultraviolet radiation: Capital Soleil, Vichy; anti-aging body milk Solar Expertise, L'Oréal Paris.

Choose full protection. The packaging often says: "Full protection" or "Broad spectrum protection." The wording may be slightly different, but one thing is important: the product should protect against all types of sunlight. About 95% of solar radiation is ultraviolet A (UVA) rays, which penetrate deep into the skin and provoke the appearance of wrinkles, age spots and malignant tumors. UVB rays are the cause sunburn and can also lead to cancer. It is essential that your product protects the skin from both UVA and UVB. Sunscreens: Face Cream, Clinique Sun, with SolarSmart™ technology, which helps the skin protect itself from harmful UV radiation. Protective cream with luxurious texture Bronze Goddess, Estee Lauder; Buriti, L'Occitane, based on the oil of the fruits of the buriti tree, which protects the skin from aging and dehydration triggered by sun exposure.

Choose a high protection factor. The sun protection factor (SPF) is the sun protection factor that indicates how effective a sunscreen is. Which sun protection factor should I choose? For example, a factor of 15 suggests that you can stay in the sun 15 times longer with this sunscreen than without it. For example, if without a cream you burn in the sun in 10 minutes, then with a cream you can sunbathe for about 2 hours. However, you need to keep in mind that most people apply much less cream on the beach than doctors advise. That is why dermatologists recommend using sunscreens with a high protection factor - no lower than 30.

Don't be fooled by your choice of sun protection factor creams. If the package indicates a protection factor of 45 or higher, this does not mean at all that with such a product you can stay in the sun as long as you wish. SPF 30 blocks up to 96% of the sun's rays, while SPF 45 blocks only 1% more. If you have fair and sensitive skin, always choose the maximum protection factor.

How to apply the cream correctly?

1 Do it ahead of time. Apply the cream at least 15 minutes before leaving the house, so that the skin has time to absorb the protective substances. Ideally, this should be done half an hour before going out and before you get dressed.

2 Don't skimp. For full protection of the whole body, about 30 g of cream is needed, according to dermatologists. Main mistake most people is that they do not apply enough to the skin of the product. Special attention give to the face, shoulders, chest. For example, for the face and neck, you will need about 1 teaspoon of cream.

3 Try something new. Not only protective creams have now appeared on sale, but also sprays, wipes and foundation creams, which not only give the face an even tone, but also block the penetration of UV rays. The most convenient to use are sprays with a sun protection factor. They can be sprayed from any angle, which means that you can apply sunscreen even on your own back without anyone's help. Another option is wipes soaked in sunscreen. Their main advantage is that they allow you to apply the product on the skin very evenly. A loose powder And Foundation great for exposed areas that are most exposed to the sun: face, chest, neck and shoulders. If you need additional protection, you can first apply lotion to the skin, then powder. Our pick: Photo'Perfexion Fluid, Givenchy, SPF 20.

4 Keep track of the time. Sunscreen needs to be reapplied every 2 hours. If you have been actively involved in sports or have been swimming for a long time, then you need to apply the cream immediately after swimming or playing beach volleyball. Timely application is the basis proper tanning. The issue of requiring manufacturers to indicate on the packaging the maximum interval between applications of the cream is currently being discussed.

Myths about solar protection

Despite the undoubted benefits that sunscreens bring to the skin, many of us doubt their effectiveness. Dermatologists comment on four of the most common sun protection myths.

Myth 1 Protective lotion won't save you from skin cancer.

Is it true. Many researchers accuse sunscreen manufacturers of misleading people into thinking sunscreen is a reliable way to protect against hot sun. As an argument against sunscreens, statistics are given that clearly demonstrate: the number of skin cancer cases in last years increases. However, most dermatologists still agree that the reason for such statistics is the irresponsible behavior of people, and not creams at all. Sunscreen can protect you from skin cancer, but only if you follow other precautions as well. Namely, do not sunbathe from 10 am to 4 pm, wear cotton closed clothes and stay in the shade during the hours when the sun is most active.

Myth 2 Nanoparticles found in sunscreens can be harmful to the body.

Is it true. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles contained in sunscreens do not penetrate the skin and are therefore absolutely safe. Despite this, some doctors fear that small particles can still penetrate the bloodstream and cause irreparable harm internal organs. However, until now, no evidence of such a danger has been provided by doctors. And yet, if you do not want to take risks, we advise you to choose proven brands that do not use nanoparticles in their creams.

Myth 3: Don't use sunscreen because it blocks your body from getting the good vitamin D.

Is it true. Dermatologists consider this point of view a frank delusion. Doctors suggest that such rumors are deliberately spread by manufacturers of solariums so that people go there for "artificial" vitamin D. Indeed, protective products slightly reduce the production of vitamin D, but it can be easily replenished through proper nutrition.

Myth 4 Antioxidants in regular sun cream enhance sun protection.

Is it true. Green tea or grapes may protect against a small amount of UV rays, but they are not able to provide even a small fraction of the protection that the use of a product with SPF provides. Antioxidants are a great addition to an SPF cream, but they shouldn't be treated as a sunscreen on their own.

Sunburn without sun

Self Tanning Tips

1 Apply your regular moisturizer to your skin. Pay special attention to the driest areas of the skin that absorb the most cream - elbows, knees, ankles. Otherwise, these areas will be highlighted.

Dry skin

Owners of dry skin suit product with additional moisturizing ingredients, for example, with glycerin and aloe. You should not use protective sprays or gels, as they often contain alcohol, which dries out the skin. Moisturizing milk Hydra +, RoC, with SPF 15.

Oily skin

Avoid creams with ingredients listed mineral oils. Light products based on chemical protective elements that do not leave on the skin are suitable for you oily sheen. Sunscreen for face Anthelios XL Fluid Extreme SPF 50+, La Roche-Posay, for combination skin prone to fat. If you swim or play sports a lot, you will need a waterproof protective cream. If you apply it on the skin in sufficient quantities, you can stay in the water from 40 minutes to an hour. These products adhere well to wet skin, so they are ideal for active people who move a lot and sweat in the sun.

Now you know which sun protection factor to choose! We wish you a beautiful and safe tan.