The sun is a guarantor of health, one of the most important medicines, has long been known to man. Thanks to sun rays there is life on Earth. Sunlight is necessary for humans. In reasonable doses, it helps the body suppress allergic diseases, enhances metabolic processes and improves blood formation, improves mood, increases resistance to stress and strengthens the immune system, so in the summer people are less likely to get sick colds. However, excess ultraviolet radiation is harmful and can cause a number of skin diseases and internal organs. How to protect yourself from harmful effects ultraviolet radiation We'll tell you in this article.
Ultraviolet increases resistance to many harmful substances, including lead, mercury, cadmium, benzene, carbon tetrachloride and carbon disulfide. Vital that serves building material for bones and teeth, is formed in the skin exclusively under the influence of sunlight. A lack of this vitamin in children leads to rickets, impaired bone tissue formation, and in adults to the appearance of osteoporosis (bone fragility). The sun increases the production of certain sex hormones. In sunlight, the “joy hormone” is actively produced - serotonin, responsible for good mood As a result, on a clear sunny day, a person’s sad mood disappears without a trace.
The solar spectrum consists of ultraviolet rays (UV rays) and infrared rays (IR rays). The luminary owes its warmth to infrared rays. Their effect is superficial, but overheating in the sun destroys the walls of blood vessels and a red mesh appears under the skin. In addition, these rays worsen the harmful effects of UV rays. UV rays make up only 5% of all radiation, but they are the ones that affect the skin. These rays are invisible. There are three types of UV rays: UVA, UVB and UVC. Long-wave UVA rays (320–400 nm) penetrate into the deep layers of the skin. Short-wave UVB rays (290–320 nm) primarily damage upper layer skin and cause tanning, and if no protective measures are taken - redness, sunburn and blisters. Thanks to the ozone layer, UVC rays, which are the most dangerous for humans, should not reach the Earth. But due to significant environmental pollution in protective layer In the atmosphere, ozone holes appeared, through which these dangerous radiations pass to Earth.
With excessive ultraviolet radiation and lack of necessary measures precautions can cause irreparable harm to the body. Excess sun leads to weakening immune system, since all its forces are aimed at protecting the body from dangerous rays. Ultraviolet radiation is one of the main factors of aging. According to the latest data, UV rays are able to penetrate the genetic apparatus of skin cells, damage it and activate free radicals, which are responsible for skin aging. Tanning itself is not harmful, but it usually goes through a stage sunburn, and burns are undoubtedly very harmful. To date, there has been a proven connection between sunburn and cancer. Sunburn received in childhood increases the risk of developing melanoma, one of the most malignant tumors. Burns sustained as an adult increase the risk of developing skin cancer. In addition, tanning tends to accumulate - all sunburn remains in the DNA of cells.
Each person has their own level of protection from the sun's rays, called their “natural level of protection.” This is the amount of time you can stay in the sun without using sunscreen without risking sunburn. The duration of such sun exposure depends on skin type and ranges from 5 to 40 minutes. During this period, the skin uses its natural levels of protection to protect itself from the sun's rays. Under the influence of sunlight, human pigment cells ( melanocytes) begin to intensively produce a special protective substance - melanin, which gives the skin dark shade. Melanin cells absorb heat rays and neutralize the effects of ultraviolet radiation. Under the rays of the sun, melanin from the deep layers of the skin rises to the top and is evenly distributed over the entire surface. The body acquires a beautiful tan and at the same time a kind of protective shell - from burns and sunstroke. During life dark skin can protect the body for approximately 450,000 hours, and light - three times less. When the limit is exhausted, the person will remain unarmed against a solar attack, which can seriously harm health. If you use protection too often, a “sun callus” forms on the body, which prevents the sun’s rays from penetrating into the deeper layers of the skin. Each time, the top layer of skin thickens by 0.3–0.5 mm; over the years, regular tanning makes it “tanned” and rougher. This pathological process accelerates the physiological aging of the skin. She becomes dehydrated early, becomes dry, and develops deep wrinkles, pigment spots and so-called solar keratoses, related to precancerous diseases. The sun ages the skin and photoaging is associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Thus, the sun needs to be dosed and the dosage issue is decided individually. In order to know how much time a person can safely spend in the sun, and what level of protection creams are best for him to use, it is necessary to determine his phototype. Doctors distinguish six phototypes, but two of them, the fifth and sixth, are characteristic only of the original inhabitants of India, Africa and Australia.
To the first type include blue-eyed blondes and blond, red-haired people. Their skin is very light, thin, slightly pink, sensitive, and has freckles. It is very difficult for people with such skin to tan; after just 15–20 minutes of exposure to direct sunlight, their skin begins to burn. Such people are not recommended to sunbathe at all.
Second phototype- these are blondes, blonds, redheads and fair-haired people, but with brown or gray eyes. The skin is light with rare freckles. The risk of burning remains, but it is much less. Burns in the second skin phototype occur after 20–40 minutes of exposure to sunlight. This skin tans more easily than type 1 skin.
To the third type include brown-eyed people with chestnut or dark brown hair and enough fair skin(ivory). This phototype is the most common among Europeans and tans freely, sometimes even without the reddening stage, acquiring an intense dark brown hue. People of the third type risk getting a burn only after 1–2 hours of exposure to the sun.
In people with fourth phototype- dark skin, olive color, brown eyes, dark brown, black hair. This phototype has no freckles. People with such skin always tan easily and quickly, and almost never get sunburned. The tan color is very intense.
People with phototypes I – III are recommended to use sunscreen. All sunscreens have SPF indicator(Filtration Photo Stable) - sun protection factor, which means how effective the protection against sunburn is, i.e. how many times longer can you stay in the sun after application sunscreen without the risk of getting burned. Creams with SPF protect the skin from burns, but not from harmful effects ultraviolet radiation on the DNA of cells, and the risk of melanoma still does not decrease. As a rule, it is selected depending on the color of the skin and the goal. A cream with SPF 100 provides 100% protection, but this protection only lasts for a short time after application. In this case, the tan does not appear. If your goal is to tan, it is better to choose sunscreens with SPF 15–20. Self-tanning creams should not be used regularly; it is better to use them when absolutely necessary. All products that are applied to the skin, especially over a large area, enter the body - are absorbed, undergo metabolic transformation in the liver and are excreted, like everyone else. medicines.
There are people for whom sunbathing is strictly contraindicated:
those who always burn - owners of skin phototypes I and II;
people with diseases connective tissue;
people with systemic and oncological diseases;
people with dysplastic nevi;
people whose close relatives had melanoma;
after chemotherapy;
after taking antibiotics (within last month);
after taking photosensitizers (these drugs will cause hyperpigmentation on the skin).
People suffering from sunburn need to sunbathe very carefully - the sun heals some forms of this disease, while others, on the contrary, aggravate them. If you oversun, psoriasis can change from one form to another. In addition, you should not sunbathe during pregnancy. During pregnancy, with excessive ultraviolet radiation in a woman’s body, the content of hormones, especially estrogens, increases, and this can lead to skin pigmentation, the appearance of a “pregnancy mask”, which appears on the forehead and nose. Such spots may disappear after childbirth, or may remain for life. Some doctors even see a connection between excess ultraviolet radiation and malformations of the child’s nervous system.
It should be borne in mind that the most important thing is not to be in the sun from 10 am to 4 pm. Best time to visit the beach - from 8 to 10 am and after 4 pm. The most dangerous months for sunbathing are July and August. Every year, solar activity is determined and a special solar activity curve is constructed, recording its peaks and drops. The curve corresponds not to months, but to days and weeks. Typically, most peaks occur in July and August. In addition, regardless of the month, the sun is most active in places above which there are ozone holes and high in the mountains. After acceptance sunbathing you need to take a shower and apply a moisturizer after sunbathing, which contains vitamin E. The products for the face and body should be different. Drink more fluids to prevent dehydration. Best protection from the sun - light cotton clothes that do not fit close to the body. Must use sunglasses and headdresses.
Important element beautiful tan- diet. A special diet helps provide additional protection to the skin from harmful sun rays. There are certain foods that stimulate melanin production and keep your skin bronzed for longer. long time.
Doctors identify 5 main ingredients that optimize the natural tanning process:
1. Tyrosine(which is synthesized in a healthy body from phenylalanine) and tryptophan. These amino acids, which stimulate the production of melanin in the skin, are found in protein foods: phenylalanine - in most protein products, tryptophan - in plant proteins (soybeans, peanuts, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, to a lesser extent - in fish, chicken, turkey, meat) .
2. Beta carotene- yellow-orange plant pigment. It activates the body's natural defenses against solar radiation, helps prevent burns and destruction of the skin cell membrane. Beta-carotene is a natural antioxidant that protects the skin from premature aging and suppresses the processes of transformation of cells into malignant ones. In addition, like melanin, this pigment is deposited in the skin, giving it a golden hue. Found in red, orange and red vegetables and fruits yellow color: carrots, sweet peppers, oranges, peaches, etc.
Thus, if every day there are dairy products, lean meat, garlic, tomatoes, peppers, and lard on the table, then such a diet will help to bronze and keep the skin smooth and elastic. At southern resorts you can eat citrus fruits, nuts, yoghurts and seafood.
Therefore, protection from UV rays is a personal matter for each person. Considering your own phototype and following the rules safe tanning, available healthy tan without provoking the development of pathological processes.
Kvitchataya A.I., Yakushchenko V.A., NUPh, Kharkov
Everyone has probably thought about the benefits of tanning. Some even sunbathe in solariums in winter, and many people simply avoid tanning. Of course, a natural tan in moderate amount very helpful. After all, the sun's rays have many beneficial properties.
According to some studies, the sun has positive effects on the skin. The appearance of tanning on the skin is a protective reaction to ultraviolet rays. Melanin is produced in enhanced mode. But for a long time Exposure to the sun can negatively affect the health of the body as a whole.
Solar radiation has both advantages and disadvantages. According to many cosmetologists, thanks to the sun's rays, the skin becomes smoother and younger, since due to the small amount of solar radiation, metabolism in the skin improves and more oxygen is supplied. The sun also has a positive effect on the psyche and nervous system person.
But it is worth remembering the measure. Excessive sun exposure can cause damage to your skin. Under the influence of sunlight, the skin dries out, the shape of moles changes and birthmarks. And such a change can lead to the formation of cancer. We can conclude: sunbathing in moderation is necessary.
Features of the appearance of burns.
Exposure to the sun for too long can cause burns. They come in different degrees.
- With a first-degree burn, the skin turns red and burns.
- In a second-degree burn, the structure of the skin is damaged.
- In third degree burns, the skin burns.
You can handle a first degree burn yourself. But with the second and third degrees, the help of a doctor is necessary.
How to avoid burns?
- There is no need to be in the sun at lunchtime. At this time, the sun shines very brightly and can only cause harm.
- Tanning should be gradual.
- Every area of skin on the body tans unevenly. Therefore, it is important to remember this.
- Before tanning in the sun, you need to use special creams that protect the skin from negative effects.
- For some diseases and conditions of the body, tanning in the sun is contraindicated.
Features of the effect of tanning on children
Children need to be outside and sunbathe more. Almost all experts say that the sun's rays are very beneficial for child's body. Even those children who were born in summer period, suffer less from diseases of the skeletal system, as well as rickets. Therefore, “winter” children need to be in the sun more often and longer in the summer.
Under the influence of the sun, vitamin D is formed. And it is a constituent element of growth and bone tissue. Best for children to wear in summer open clothes. so that as much sunlight as possible hits the skin directly. Even if a child eats foods rich in vitamin D and does not stay in the sun, vitamin D will not be fully absorbed by the body. The sun must be the best summer friend for a child. It is very useful for both children and adults. Sunbathing is necessary in moderation. But do not overdo it with the sun's rays, otherwise serious illnesses may occur.
Over one year old
In Russia there is winter for nine months and “just cold” for three months. During our short vacation, we try to acquire a shade close to the skin color of African aborigines. However, doctors never tire of warning: excessive amounts of sun are the main cause of malignant skin tumors.
Is the sun beneficial?
We have all heard that the sun is good for the skin and the body as a whole. When exposed to sunlight, vitamin D begins to be produced, which has a number of amazing properties, in particular, it can improve mood.
That is why in spring and summer there are many more lovers and less depression.
How long can you stay under the sun?
However, a caveat is necessary: it is useful for a fair-skinned person to be in the sun only 10-15 or a maximum of 20 minutes a day, and then only taking all precautions and using sunscreen. For those who are accustomed to the sun, this time can be increased to 30-40 minutes. Longer sunbathing cause significant harm to the skin - from premature aging and decreased protective functions to skin cancer.
Does the sun cause cancer?
The sun and cancer are directly related. Ultraviolet radiation disrupts the DNA structure of skin cells. The genes that regulate the functioning of the cell mutate, give incorrect commands, melanocytes begin to rapidly divide, and as a result, a malignant tumor - melanoma - can appear. After several hours of exposure to solar radiation, Langerhanz cells, responsible for immune defense, begin to leave the skin. All this time, the skin remains defenseless against the penetration of viruses, bacteria, chemicals and other foreign elements. It is not able to resist the emergence of cancer cells.
Sun and skin diseases
The structure of the skin includes cells of different tissues, and each of them can undergo malignant transformation. There are many types of tumors that can form in the skin. But the absolute majority among them are three types of neoplasms: melanoma, squamous cell skin cancer and basal cell carcinoma.
Melanoma
The most dangerous and fastest growing form of malignant skin tumors. It develops from melanocytes (cells that produce melanin, which is responsible for the color of the skin) and quickly metastasizes, that is, it spreads through the blood or lymphatic vessels to the most remote corners of the body, where new foci of the disease arise. The tumor most often occurs on exposed parts of the body.
External manifestations varied: dark spot, slight protrusion, several hard bumps under the skin, which then merge into one. The surface of melanoma can be smooth or rough, sometimes it can bleed, and the color ranges from the most “popular” slate black to rare colorless neoplasms. According to research, melanoma often develops from moles. Therefore, you need to treat them with caution, try not to injure them in any way and avoid irritating them with linen or clothing. To prevent cancer, doctors advise studying your moles, constantly monitoring them, and immediately contacting a specialist if any of them suddenly change color, shape, or begin to enlarge.
Basalioma
The most common of malignant skin tumors. It develops from the outer layer of skin and follicular epithelium and is characterized by slow growth with destruction of surrounding tissue, but does not metastasize.
External manifestations
Typically appears on the face or scalp. A dense nodule appears under the skin, pinkish or flesh-colored. It grows, becoming covered with a bloody crust, under which an ulcer forms. Over time, it can turn into a flat plaque with a flaky surface, a protruding mushroom-shaped nodule, or a deep ulcer that destroys soft fabrics and bones.
“With early diagnosis, the probability of recovery confidently approaches 100%,” says Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, leading researcher at the Department of General Oncology of the Russian Oncological Institute scientific center them. N. N. Blokhina RAMS TEMURAZ KHARATISHVILI.
Squamous cell skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma forms in the epidermis. This disease is diagnosed 10 times less frequently than basal cell carcinoma. And unlike melanoma, a predominantly female disease, this form of cancer is twice as common in men. The disease is especially dangerous for people with fair skin living in hot, sunny countries (South America, Australia). Squamous cell carcinoma can develop anywhere skin and mucous membranes, often appears on the lips and genitals.
External manifestations
The tumor develops from a small compaction with a slightly raised surface of gray or yellow-brown color into a dense node that reaches the size walnut. The tumor can protrude above the surface of the skin or grow deep into the tissue, forming ulcers: the skin, muscles and bones are destroyed. The disease quickly spreads to other parts of the body. Appear severe pain, general exhaustion and infectious complications.
RISK FACTORS
Excessive amounts of sun negatively affect the condition of each of us, but for some it is especially dangerous. 5 main factors play a role in determining the degree of risk:
1. Skin type
All people are divided into several types based on skin color and its ability to tan.
CELTIC TYPE — blonde hair and eyes, very light and delicate skin, which is practically unable to sunbathe, but only turns red from the sun.
LIGHT-SKINED EUROPEANS- usually fair-haired, with green/blue eyes, with a light complexion that burns easily, but can acquire light tan skin.
BLACK EUROPEANS- slightly darker than fair-skinned Europeans and tan easily. They rarely burn out.
MEDITERRANEAN TYPE- dark-skinned, dark-haired, almost never burn, quickly acquire a tan. These include residents of the Mediterranean and representatives of dark-skinned races (Indians, Arabs).
YELLOW SKINS- people of Asian type. They usually tan well and hardly burn in the sun.
BLACK PEOPLE can sunbathe, becoming darker. Their risk of sunburn is practically zero. The most vulnerable among us are people of the Celtic type and fair-skinned Europeans. The rest suffer from skin cancer less frequently. And blacks are generally 6-10 times less susceptible to this type of cancer.
2. Region of residence
“Residents of southern regions and sunny countries are more susceptible to skin cancer. In Russia, such a tumor is more common in the Krasnodar-Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan and Rostov regions, and in the world - in Australia, the southern USA and the Asia-Pacific region (Thailand, Malaysia, India), explains Teimuraz Kharatishvili to SHAPE. “So, in the Krasnodar region, the incidence of skin cancer is 5 times higher than in the Tyumen region.”
At the same time, it should be noted that most of the cases in these areas are still visitors from less sunny places. This is explained by the fact that the body of these people, not adapted to the abundance of solar radiation, is able to resist it to a much lesser extent than that of the usual locals.
3. Heredity
The hereditary factor also plays one of the most significant roles in determining a person’s predisposition to the formation of malignant tumors on the skin. The risk is several times higher for those whose family has a history of this type of cancer.
4. Habits and activities
Of course, how much time a person spends under the sun is important. Research shows that more often than others, people whose profession involves the need to constantly stay on the job suffer from skin cancer. fresh air.
5. Hormonal changes
During periods of serious hormonal changes in the body (puberty, pregnancy, menopause), women should especially carefully protect their skin from the sun. It is during this time that the risk of developing melanoma and other forms of skin cancer is especially high.
All this, of course, does not mean that if none of the listed points apply to you, you can relax and forget about skin protection with childish carelessness - no one is completely immune, even Africans with a plum-olive skin tone.
Moreover, in addition to the risk of skin cancer, there are other unpleasant consequences of excessive love of the sun, such as premature aging.
Tanning: precautions
No amount of exhortation from doctors can convince women to give up tanning. And if the desire to acquire a bronze shade drowns out the warnings of doctors, try to follow 4 rules that will help maintain your health.
1. Let your skin get used to the sun. On the first day, it is advisable to stay in the sun for only 3-5 minutes. Gradually, the time can be increased to 20-30 minutes, but no more! Spend the rest of the day under a tent or umbrella. The tan will only become smoother!
2. Use it Sun protective cream before every exposure to the sun. Remember to reapply it every 2 hours, as well as after swimming and when sweating. Use water-resistant sunscreen before swimming.
3. Avoid exposure to the sun during its peak hours - from 12:00 to 16:00 in the hot season. Remember that the level of solar radiation at midday is 10 times higher than, for example, three hours earlier or later.
4. If you belong to the Celtic type, that is, your skin practically does not tan, give up tanning altogether: you still won’t be able to tan beautifully, but the risk of getting burns is very high! Health is more important than ambition, isn't it?
DEFENSE STRATEGY
Most reliable way protection - avoid the sun. But this is impossible even in our cloud country. Therefore, you need to remember and strictly follow 6 rules that will help reduce the risk.
Be aware of the hidden threat!
Ultraviolet radiation affects the skin not only during sunbathing, but also when you play sports in the fresh air or just walk down the street. Try to stay in the shade and use creams with a protection level against ultraviolet rays no less than 15.
Don't skip the sunscreen and in cloudy weather. Clouds transmit up to 95% of ultraviolet radiation.
Beware of the sun in the mountains and tropics, where the level of solar radiation is several times higher, so the risk of sunburn increases.
Check your protection level- remember that the sun's rays are reflected from snow, sand, water and grass. Therefore, simply staying in the shade is not enough unless you use sunscreen.
Take care of your eyes and protect delicate skin around the eyes with sunglasses with a reliable filter against ultraviolet rays.
Avoid solariums! The only one safe way tanning - tanning without the sun: auto-bronzants, powders.
One of the reasons for the high mortality rate from melanoma is late diagnosis. Melanoma is curable if found on early stage. Visit your dermatologist more often if you belong to a risk group.
Length matters
One of the main conditions reliable protection skin from the sun - right choice sunscreen. And here you need to take into account not only the skin type and level of protection, but also what spectrum of rays this product protects from.
But first, it’s worth understanding what solar radiation is and what it can be like. Solar radiation reaches the earth's atmosphere in the form of electromagnetic waves different lengths, depending on which the sun's rays are divided into three types: UVC, UVB and UVA. The most dangerous UVC rays for human skin are completely blocked by the ozone layer. UVB rays are also partially blocked by the atmosphere, but some of them (about 10%) still reach the earth's surface.
They are the ones who count main reason sunburn, skin aging, immune system suppression, DNA damage and skin cancer. The longest rays, UVA rays, which make up the majority of solar radiation reaching the Earth, were until recently considered safe for human skin. However modern research have proven that they are the most harmful to the skin, as they affect its deep layers. These are the rays that are used in solariums.
According to the Russian Oncology Research Center named after. N. N. Blokhin RAMS, today skin cancer accounts for 25% of all cancers in Russia!
In contact with
Tanning and burns
Anyone who wants to have a beautiful skin at any cost runs the risk of serious skin damage, including cancer. How to protect your skin for adults and children, how to determine exactly how long you can stay in the sun. The sun is vital. Its gentle rays are a balm for the soul and body. Sunlight activates metabolism in both children and adults. Ultraviolet radiation has a beneficial effect on the development of the skeletal system, stimulating the formation of vitamin D in the body. Solar radiation helps with some skin diseases: Those who suffer from eczema, neurodermatitis or psoriasis feel much better in the summer. But the sun can also be harmful to health.
Especially in Lately when the Earth’s protective ozone layer becomes thinner and a dangerous dose of ultraviolet radiation begins to penetrate through it. For example, in Australia, for many years now, people have been forced to apply sunscreen at the height of summer, wear hats and covered clothing in order to hide from the aggressive rays of the sun. But we should also realize that many hours of “frying” in the bright “European” sun also harms the skin.
Signs of sunburn
The first visible sign that you have “overstayed” in the sun is a distinct reddening of the skin. The survey showed that every fifth European gets sunburn periodically. This is a rather alarming statistic, because the skin does not forgive such things and any unreasonable handling of the sun harms its cells. As a result, the skin ages prematurely, becomes wrinkled, and age spots, and in the worst case, even skin cancer develops. Dermatologists have concluded that frequent sunburn, especially in childhood, are the main cause of the increased number of skin cancers.
Sun tanning in children
Children's skin is much thinner and more sensitive than adult skin and allows more UV rays to pass through.
In addition, the body's own defense, that is, sun tanning, appears more slowly. Babies generally have almost no immunity to the sun, since the ability to pigment is still absent. Cells that provide sun tanning develop only from the age of one year and fully mature by two years. That's why:
Children under one year of age should not be kept in open sun. Their place is in the shade! In the south, children’s skin, even in the shade, must be lubricated with a protective cream, coefficient from 6 to 9 units.
Wearing a hat is a must! Lightweight clothing helps protect you from the sun. natural fibers, such as cotton and linen, synthetic fibers do not protect enough.
Children over two years of age should also wear a hat if they are in the sun or splashing in water;
Their skin should always be lubricated with a leave-in cream. For the first two or three days of sun exposure, it is better to use a cream with a high protection factor, at least 12 units. Children, like adults, have various types skin, but you should always focus on the lowest level of its own resistance in order to avoid sunburn in any case. It’s better to play it safe and take the children under the tent a little earlier.
Important! For children, it is better to use broad-spectrum creams.
In the first two or three days, it is better for the baby to additionally wear a long-sleeved T-shirt for exposure to the sun and water.
Read also: Why are antibiotics dangerous?
Sun tanning in adults
Some adults also need to be especially careful around the sun. For example, pregnant women, as their skin due to hormonal changes prone to education age spots. Or people who have large freckles in the sun, as well as those who have many moles. Many people prone to allergies, often women, may experience something like “ sun allergy" More careful attitude towards sun tan and the use of broad-spectrum creams reduce itching and flaking when burned. Growths and plaques on the skin, accompanied by itching, can be provoked. In such cases, fat-free hydrogels should be used. Sun allergies can sometimes be caused by certain medications, such as antibiotics or ingredients cosmetics, for example, bergamot oil. Therefore, it is always recommended to carefully read the annotation for a particular drug, evaluate its composition and, if necessary, consult a doctor.
How to tan properly
Accustom your skin to the sun gradually. First, try to be in the sun three times less than the estimated time. Use creams with a higher protection factor than necessary, and try to stay in the shade as much as possible.
Avoid the sun during the middle of the day between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m.
For the face and hands it is best to use a cream, and for the body - lotion, gel or oil, however, it protects less).
Protect your lips, ears, nose and nipples with products that do not transmit ultraviolet radiation.
Sunscreens are best applied to clean skin 45 minutes before exposure to the sun. It is after this period of time that they optimally protect the skin.
When bathing, use creams that do not wash off with water. Remember that even at a depth of one meter, 70% of UV rays continue to reach the skin.
Read also: Vitamin B3, foods high in the vitamin
After swimming, try to dry yourself immediately, because wet skin burns much faster due to the fact that the water drops act like a magnifying glass. After swimming, it is recommended to renew the layer of protective cream.
Apply the cream also in cloudy weather.
After sunbathing, treat your skin with a mild cleansing lotion and then lubricate it with moisturizer.
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