What does it mean if there is increased protein in the urine? It is possible to overcome severe kidney diseases! Protein in urine - what does it mean?

The human body is constantly changing, and very often it is overtaken by certain diseases. What to do if protein is found in the urine? What does this mean and how to deal with the problem?

About the disease

Every person has protein in their urine. This is normal, this is how it should be. However, there are situations when its accumulation exceeds acceptable levels, and then we can already talk about a disease such as proteinuria. Simply put, when figuring out why it appeared and what it means, it is worth noting that it incorrect operation(pathology) of the kidneys. If its levels in the studied material exceed 50 mg per day, you can already sound the alarm. However, proteinuria can be true (really associated with pathology), false or functional (not associated with renal diseases).

Functional proteinuria

I would like to dwell in more detail on functional proteinuria, because if a person has true proteinuria, it is unlikely that he will not know anything about this disease. So, why can seemingly healthy people have increased protein in their urine? What does this mean and what does it mean? The reasons for its increase may be the following: prolonged hypothermia, stress or depression, prolonged insolation (staying under open sun rays) and even physical activity (especially among weightlifters). Protein may also increase after consumption raw milk and eggs in large quantities per day before submitting your own biomaterial for research. An analysis from a person who collected the material incorrectly can also give incorrect indicators, especially for women. Protein can get into the container if the bladder, ureter, urethra is inflamed, and also if tests are being collected during menstruation. And another one main reason increased protein in the urine - the woman is pregnant.

Pregnancy

Many women who have gone through such a difficult stage as pregnancy know that protein in the urine is not good. But what exactly does this mean? So, appear in increased quantity in tests, it can be a consequence of difficult functioning of the kidneys, when they simply cannot cope with their responsibility, and the protein in an undigested form can be excreted through the urine (the lady’s new physiological state is to blame). Protein can also be affected by early toxicosis, consumption of certain foods that may give undesirable results in tests. But in addition to simple and not terrible reasons, it may indicate a woman’s diseases such as gestosis or nephropathy, which pose a threat even to the baby himself. Therefore, if it turns out to be slightly higher during pregnancy, this means that you need to retake the test, adjust your own diet, and also carefully monitor your blood pressure and the appearance of edema.

Children

It is also important to find out why protein in a child’s urine may increase, the causes and methods of treating this disease. So, it is worth noting that it is very important for children to undergo certain tests periodically in order to early stages identify ailments that can develop in a child’s body. But it also happens that a child (older or teenager) has orthostatic proteinuria, which is completely harmless to the body. To determine it, you need to collect two portions of urine: the first in the morning, the next throughout the day. If no protein is detected in the first one, everything is fine. There is no need to worry about its increase during the day. If, when analyzing small child Protein is detected in urine, what does this mean? This may indicate kidney disease. However, before making a diagnosis, any doctor will double-check the tests to accurately rule out an error.

The presence of protein in urine often indicates the development serious pathologies, both in adults and young children. Of course, not in all cases this is a signal of disaster - there is such a thing as “daily protein in the urine.” Every person, even an absolutely healthy person, removes a certain amount of this substance along with excess fluid every day. This is completely normal and is evidence proper operation kidneys and urinary system.

An excess of protein in the body cannot be considered normal, so the process of its elimination along with urine helps maintain its necessary balance. However, sometimes an increased level of protein in the urine should cause alarm, forcing a person to urgently seek help from a doctor. When is this necessary, and does such a pathological condition pose a threat to health? Let's first look at the most common causes and factors of increased protein in urine in adults, children and women "in interesting position».

Protein norm in human urine analysis

There are several criteria to help you understand why protein in the urine increases. For example, the amount of this substance in the urine of women expecting the birth of a child is strikingly different from its concentration in a small child.

The level of protein present in the urine of women in an “interesting situation” should not exceed 0.14 g/1 liter of urine. For children, this figure is 30-50 mg per 1 liter.

Physiological norm protein in men - 0.3 g. Any deviations from these indicators should cause alarm in the attending physician and prompt him to conduct a thorough diagnosis in order to understand what it means increased protein in urine, and how to deal with the anomaly before it takes dangerous turns.

Reasons for increased protein in pregnant and postpartum women

If the protein in the urine is elevated in women expecting the birth of a baby, this is evidence that the pregnancy is not proceeding entirely well. As a rule, such an anomaly occurs on later pregnancy, when it comes to such a dangerous pathological condition as gestosis.

In addition to high protein in urine, this pathology can be accompanied by:

swelling localized on the surface of the lower extremities, face, lower and upper eyelids;
hypertension;
dizziness;
fainting (with more severe gestosis);
nausea;
vomiting.

However, after a single urine test for protein, which reveals a large amount of it in the sample, it is impossible to diagnose “preeclampsia” - for this the test must be repeated 2-3 times. If the situation remains unchanged, and assumptions about late toxicosis are confirmed, the doctor accepts a complex necessary measures, aimed at eliminating pathologies that are dangerous to the health (and sometimes life!) of the woman and the fetus.

If protein is still present in a pregnant woman’s urine, what else could this mean? With persistent proteinuria, we can talk about:

glomerulonephritis;
pyelonephritis;
fever;
heart failure;
renal failure;
tuberculosis of one or both kidneys;
kidney amyloidosis;
hemorrhagic vasculitis;
hypertension;
cyst;
pyelite;
urethritis;
vulvovaginitis.

If, after the first urine test, the patient did not find any pathologies from the above list, it is necessary to repeat the study to understand what it means and what it signals. high protein in the urine of women expecting the birth of a child. It is possible that previous analyzes were false due to inconsistency with the rules of preparation for their conduct.

If no errors were found, and protein is in the urine expectant mother significantly exceeded the permissible value of 0.033 (which is already alarming, but not critical), the doctor is developing a treatment regimen. In the absence of urgent therapeutic measures, it may occur spontaneous interruption pregnancy or, even worse, failure of one or both kidneys. And this can already lead to death, both for the baby and for his mother.

Protein in the urine after childbirth may increase for the same reasons as during pregnancy. In addition, if, being in an “interesting position”, a woman suffered from manifestations late toxicosis, accompanied by large losses of this substance by the body, then for a certain period of time after the birth of the baby, signs of gestosis may persist. Soon they pass, but until this happens, the patient should be under the close supervision of a gynecologist.

If necessary, you will need to consult a nephrologist, but only if the protein in the urine test does not decrease over the course of long period time after birth.

Proteinuria in children

The reasons for the increased concentration of protein in urine in a small child may imply not only the development of dangerous kidney (or other) pathologies, but also the age factor.

So, if there is increased protein in the urine of a newborn baby, this is due to a temporary weakness of the kidney filters. Also important is the loss of a certain amount of fluid by the newborn’s body in the first days of his life. Under such conditions total protein in the baby’s urine can be increased to 0.5 g per 1 liter of urine.

In children preschool age The causes of high protein in urine are often:

profuse vomiting in case of poisoning, intestinal infections and other diseases;
overuse food products enriched with large amounts of proteins;
diarrhea.

In this case, the amount of protein that the body loses throughout the day can reach 5 g per 1 liter of urine.

There is such a thing as juvenile proteinuria. It usually occurs in schoolchildren and adolescents, and occurs against the background of spinal defects. Once the problem is resolved, proteinuria goes away.

Why is there high protein in urine in men and women?

The norm of protein in urine in men should not go beyond 0.2 per 1 liter of urine. In women, this figure is much lower - 0.05 g per 1 liter. Circumstances that can provoke a sharp increase in this substance in urine can be:

Severe emotional shocks (stress).
Excessive physical activity.
Colds.
High body temperature.
Hypothermia.
Abuse of meat dishes.
Intense training, etc.

These causes of increased protein in the urine can occur not only in men, but also in women.

When an adult's kidneys work normally, they have time to filter fluid. However, under certain conditions, a malfunction may occur, and a large amount of protein still ends up in the urine. What does the protein present in urine in adults mean? It may be a consequence:

increased adrenaline or norepinephrine in the body;
conducting a diagnostic study of the kidneys using palpation;
inflammatory processes in the ureters (acute or chronic);
cervicitis (in women);
adnexitis;
vulvovaginitis;
cancer of the urinary system;
cystopyelitis, etc.

Such diseases can seriously reduce the patient's quality of life. That is why it is important to carefully ensure that the norm of protein in urine is not exceeded. To do this, it will be enough to regularly take OAM in a clinic or private clinic.

Diagnostic tests

To determine exactly what increased protein in the urine means, you need to contact a urologist (or nephrologist) and undergo a thorough examination. Diagnosis is based on the following diagnostic measures:

Interviewing the patient for complaints.
Palpation and visual inspection of those parts of the body where pain is felt (kidneys, bladder, uterus, etc.).
24-hour urine test for protein.
Ultrasound of the kidneys and Bladder.
Urography.

If necessary, the doctor may also order a CT scan. It is carried out if the patient does not have pronounced symptoms of any urological disease, but the presence of protein in urine is still observed.

As soon as the cause of the protein in the urine is established, it will be possible to judge the danger of the patient’s condition and proceed directly to eliminating the disease.

How to reduce

Proteinuria is not a separate disease, so it does not have its own symptoms, except for swelling of the limbs and face. Important role plays something that causes protein in the urine to exceed the permissible limit. In other words, diseases of the kidneys or other organs of the urinary system will occur with their characteristic symptoms, and proteinuria will be only one of them.

How to treat protein in the urine depends on what pathology was detected in the patient. So, for problems with the urinary system, the following are used:

Antibacterial drugs.
Anti-inflammatory drugs (often non-steroidal).
Painkillers or injections.
Diuretics.
Uroseptics.
Diuretics.
Homeopathic medicines, etc.

Drugs that help get rid of protein in the urine should be prescribed exclusively by your doctor. This is especially true for antibiotics and diuretics medicines. They can lead to dehydration of the body, excessive removal of calcium from it, and also cause severe side effects(in case of using antibacterial drugs without a doctor’s prescription).

To reduce protein in the urine, it is necessary not only to take medications prescribed by the doctor, but also to adhere to a strict diet that excludes from the patient’s diet:

meat dishes;
I’m writing fish;
high-calorie foods;
flour products;
chocolate;
spicy food;
fried foods.

Excluding them from the patient’s diet, of course, will not help reduce protein in the urine, but if this is not done, the effect of the treatment received may take much longer than if you follow a diet.

An increased amount of protein in urine can be quite dangerous consequences, both for pregnant women and small children, and for men. More precisely, complications can be provoked by those diseases that were diagnosed during the medical examination. Sometimes a person may experience failure of one or both kidneys, or even death.

In order not to worry later and not think about how to remove protein in the urine, you should regularly visit a doctor and undergo a preventive examination. This is the only way to reliably protect against development dangerous diseases urinary system, or, if present, completely cure them without serious consequences for the health and life of the patient. It’s not for nothing that almost all doctors tirelessly repeat that “it’s better to visit the doctor 20 times, but for no reason, than once, but it’s too late.”

Protein in urine is present in the body of any person. Normally, this figure should not exceed 0.033 g/l. An increase in this rate indicates development. To eliminate this factor, you should consult a doctor and not self-medicate.

Etiology

The cause of protein in the urine in large quantities may be the following:

poor nutrition;
frequent, nervous tension;
pregnancy;
gastroenterological pathologies;
kidney pathologies that develop against the background of existing ailments;
toxic poisoning;
high protein diet;
hypothermia;
long-term use of medications;
diseases of the genitourinary system.

Clinicians note that most often increased protein in the urine of a child or adult is observed during pathological processes in the kidneys. In this case, the following etiological factors should be highlighted:

kidney carcinoma;
lipoid nephrosis.

In addition, immune disorders may be provoking factors, and age-related changes in organism. Increased protein in the urine during pregnancy may indicate either the development of a certain pathological process or simply poor nutrition. In general, the following etiological reasons for increased protein in the urine during pregnancy can be identified:

food with increased amounts of protein;
pyelonephritis during pregnancy;
development .

It should be said that increased protein in the urine of a pregnant woman is observed quite often, since in this state there is an increased load on the woman’s body. In most cases, the protein in the urine returns to normal after childbirth. The allowed protein level in urine during pregnancy is 0.002/l.

Symptoms

If the protein in the urine is slightly increased or the disorder is short-lived, there are usually no additional symptoms. If the presence of protein in the urine is a symptom of a certain pathological process, the following signs may be observed: clinical picture:

, increased fatigue;
, often with urges to;
change in the color of urine - with an increased amount of protein it becomes red, with low levels it becomes almost white;
chills, fever;
the appearance of edema;
deterioration or complete .

Increased protein in the urine of a child may have the following additional clinical signs:

moodiness, crying for no apparent reason;
sudden change of mood or complete;
almost complete refusal of food.

It should be noted that such a clinical picture does not always indicate exactly increased performance protein in the body. The above-described signs may be symptoms of another pathological process, so you should consult a doctor and not self-medicate.

Diagnostics

What does an increased or decreased level of protein in the urine mean, only a doctor can tell after an examination and an accurate diagnosis. First of all, the doctor conducts a detailed physical examination, taking into account the medical history. During this stage of the examination, it is necessary to find out how the patient eats, whether he took any medications Lately and does he have chronic diseases. To make an accurate diagnosis and clarify the etiology of this pathological process, the following laboratory and instrumental examinations are carried out:

general and daily urine analysis;
general and biochemical analysis blood;
, pelvis, heart;
immunological studies.

Additional diagnostic methods will depend on the clinical picture, general condition patient and suspected etiology.

Separately, the stage of collecting urine for research should be highlighted. In this case, you should adhere to the following rules:

Only a sterile container should be used to collect liquid;
Before taking the analysis, you should carefully carry out everything hygiene procedures crotch area. You cannot use herbal infusions or antiseptics.

Wrong collected tests may cause incorrect diagnosis.

Treatment

If test results confirm increased protein in the urine, treatment should only be prescribed by a doctor. Unauthorized use of drugs can stabilize the indicators, but this does not guarantee that the underlying factor has been eliminated.

If traces of protein in urine during pregnancy are due to poor nutrition, then the doctor must prescribe a diet. Reception medications, even in the presence of an illness, is kept to a minimum, as it can harm an adult or child.

If this symptom is provoked by an infectious or inflammatory process, antibiotic therapy or anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.

In general, treatment for such disorders in the body is purely individual, since this is not a separate disease, but a symptom of certain changes in the body.

Prevention

There are no specific methods of prevention, since this is not a separate disease. In general, you should adhere to general rules on management healthy image life, timely and correctly treat all ailments and not self-medicate. Unauthorized use of medications can cause the development of serious complications and a blurred clinical picture, which will lead to an incorrect diagnosis.

Proteinuria and its treatment are of particular interest to people who care about their health. A urine test is performed less frequently than a blood test, but it is still quite informative. Not all characteristics and their meanings are known to ordinary people. What is he talking about? presence of protein in urine and how to treat this condition?

What does protein in urine mean?

There is normally no protein in urine, since it must be completely processed by the kidneys. Valid values – 0.033 g/l(such a concentration does not indicate pathology). Moreover, this indicator differs depending on gender and age.

Protein in the urine does not always mean pathological processes occurring in the body. Healthy people During the study, protein is obtained in urine provided:

increased physical activity;
during pregnancy (protein is not significantly increased due to the fact that the kidneys are compressed by the growing uterus);
eating protein-rich foods too often;
after stressful situations.

What to do if the level is exceeded?

An increased level of protein in the urine indicates about damage to kidney tissue. Normally, the kidneys should filter out almost all the protein. If there is an increase in protein in the urine, you should under no circumstances wait or hesitate.

It is necessary to promptly identify the exact cause of proteinuria and begin treatment.

The doctor will prescribe clarifying tests to determine a more accurate level of protein concentration. Very often researched urine according to Nechiporenko, and . Research will help the doctor when choosing future plan treatment.

Treatment

If changes in your health occur, visiting a doctor will not be difficult. In the future, the results of the prescribed tests will help the doctor in choosing a treatment method. They do not treat proteinuria, but the reason that caused it. Highlight following methods treatment:

Medication.
Folk remedies.

Medication

The main task is not only to identify, but also to eliminate the cause of its appearance. For quantitative indications of proteinuria more than 3 grams must be carried out drug therapy. The following drugs are used for treatment:

Hypotensive - if the cause of proteinuria is arterial hypertension, then the pressure must be brought to the most optimal levels for the person.
Antibiotics – to eliminate the infection.
Anti-inflammatory – effective in inflammatory processes: pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, etc.
Diuretics - will reduce swelling and remove excess fluid from the body, thereby facilitating the functioning of the kidneys.
Antitumor – prevent the proliferation of malignant cells.

Tablets are not required in all cases. Only a therapist or nephrologist should decide this.

There should be no uncontrolled use of drugs!

Traditional medicine

Folk remedies have excellent ability to restore the functional capacity of the kidneys.

Usage folk recipes It is advisable only in conjunction with medications, if required.

Preparing decoctions and tinctures and preparing ingredients requires time, but the results are worth it. Treatment options for proteinuria:

Cranberries in the form of fruit drink or juice are consumed throughout the day, not forgetting to drink water pure form. On an empty stomach, you can drink a glass of pumpkin juice - a good remedy.
20 grams of parsley seeds are ground and poured with 200 ml of boiling water. Within two hours, the infusion will be ready for ingestion in small sips.
20 grams of parsley root are crushed, and then pour 200 ml of boiling water and leave for an hour and a half. It is allowed to use 30 ml of infusion at one time, drink it 4 times a day.

Folk recipes are very diverse and number more than a dozen types. Only a qualified specialist can decide which type of herbs or plant fruits is best used for treatment.

Uncontrolled use of traditional medicine can have unpredictable consequences for the body.

Diet

For proteinuria, it is usually mandatory to prescribe special diet. Products must meet the following requirements:

How to get rid of protein in urine before analysis?

If a person suffers, the concentration of protein in the urine may decrease only to a small level. In a healthy person, the protein content is so low that, subject to certain conditions, it is possible achieve a reduction this indicator. Before analysis, it is possible to reduce protein by observing the following rules:

Hygiene - it is very important to thoroughly clean the external genitalia before taking a urine test.
Sterility of dishes - urine should be collected in a sterile container; it would be best to purchase a container for collecting urine in advance.

How to increase protein in urine?

On the eve of the test, if it is necessary to increase protein levels, you should:

For a couple of days, eat as many protein-rich foods as possible;
Include strenuous exercise in your daily routine - excessive physical activity also affects proteinuria.
Stay in a vertical position for a long time.

Proteinuria- actual topic. Information about its causes and treatment will not be superfluous! It is important to monitor your health and prevent the occurrence of diseases.

Protein in urine - advice from a professor:

Proteinuria- increased protein content in the urine. The reasons for this phenomenon depend on various factors, such as stressful situations, pregnancy, organ diseases and much more. Proteinuria itself is not a separate disease.

For an accurate diagnosis, the manifestation of which is the appearance of protein in the urine, the patient needs to consult a doctor. If you do not consult a doctor in a timely manner and treatment is delayed, complications arise: the development and progression of chronic renal or heart failure, in pregnant women - infections, the development of malformations, hypoxia and fetal death. Since protein is building material for cells and tissues, its increased leaching with urine disrupts the regenerative function of the body.

Normal protein in urine

Normally, a person should have no protein in his urine; if present, it should be in a minimum amount of up to 0.033 g/day. A pregnant woman has III trimester pregnancy, the analysis may detect traces of protein up to 0.05 g/day, which is not a pathology.

Index

Protein in urine, g/day

In a woman

Absent

Pregnancy (1st trimester)

Pregnancy (II trimester)

Pregnancy (III trimester)

Reasons for the increase

Proteins (albumin and globulins) enter the urine due to the filtration function of the kidneys. When this biological barrier is violated, proteinuria becomes pronounced and can be a diagnostic indicator for the underlying disease.

In medical practice, physiological and pathological causes increased protein in urine.

There are 9 main physiological reasons:

Alimentary - detected after eating foods high in protein, salt and sugar.
Working - associated with heavy physical work.
Emotional stress.
Postural - associated with a long stay of the body in an upright position.
Transient - associated with dehydration, hypothermia, or prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays.
Palpation - due to prolonged palpation (palpation) of the kidneys.
Pregnancy - the pregnant uterus has high blood pressure on the kidneys.
Age - after 75 years, the kidneys cease to fully perform their filtration function.
Obesity - Obesity also reduces kidney function.

Pathological causes are divided into renal and extrarenal.

Attention! There are many reasons for increased protein in the urine in women. If you notice fatigue, loss of appetite or nausea, you should immediately make an appointment with a therapist or gynecologist.

There are 7 renal causes:

Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the glomerular system of the kidneys.
Stagnant kidney - develops due to impaired blood supply, as a result of which the vessels become full of blood, which leads to degenerative processes in the organ.
Nephrosclerosis is the replacement of functional kidney cells with connective tissue ones, which leads to their dysfunction.
Hypertension - persistent high arterial pressure leads to a decrease in the filtration capacity of the kidneys.
Renal amyloidosis is the accumulation of amyloid (fibrillar proteins and polysaccharides) in the kidney tissues.
Renal vein thrombosis is a lack of blood flow from the kidneys due to the formation of a blood clot.
Pyelonephritis is damage to the kidney tubules due to inflammation.

There are 16 extrarenal causes:

Lymphoma is a malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue.
Myeloma is an oncology of the bone marrow, as a result of which the synthesis of a special protein with a low molecular weight increases in the blood, which easily penetrates the biological barrier of the kidneys.
Monocytic leukemia is a malignant tumor formation, which includes leukocytes. Present in urine increased level peptide (lysozyme).
Myopathy is a dystrophic muscle disease, when diagnosed, myoglobin is present in the urine.
Rhabdomyolysis is the decomposition of muscle cells (myocytes) and their removal from the body in urine.
Heart failure - the contractile function of the heart is inhibited.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease, one of the manifestations of which is an increased concentration of peptides in the urine.
Cystitis is a disease of the bladder of inflammatory etiology.
Urethritis is an inflammatory disease of the urethral walls.
Urolithiasis - the integrity of the walls of the pelvis or ureter is compromised, which is accompanied by the appearance in the urine of blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets) and plasma, which contain protein.
Diabetes mellitus - when glucose levels increase, kidney tissue is damaged and pressure in the glomeruli increases, which causes a disruption in filtration function.
Chemotherapy - has a detrimental effect on the barrier function of the kidneys.
Medicinal - is a consequence of long-term use of antibacterial drugs.
Transfusion of donor blood to a recipient of the wrong type and Rh factor.
Injuries, burns - protein enters the urine in excess due to its breakdown in tissues.
Intoxication harmful substances(mercury or lead salts).

Symptoms

A patient comes to the doctor with complaints of frequent dizziness up to loss of consciousness, fatigue, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, swelling of the face, lower and upper limbs and torso, increased blood pressure and heart rate, chills, high temperature. The patient may also observe foam in the urine and a change in the color of the urine, which during diagnosis may contain not only proteins, but also red blood cells.

In addition to the main symptoms, a pregnant woman experiences pain in the lumbar region and toxicosis; in complex cases, eclampsia occurs. The condition is characterized by convulsive symptoms, blood pressure 200/110 mmHg. or more, severe swelling, impaired urination and loss of consciousness. The severity of the condition is dangerous due to the development of disorders of the central nervous, cardiovascular and visual systems, up to a coma.

Diagnostics

If the above complaints are detected that are not specific to proteinuria, the patient should consult a physician for further diagnosis. The presence of protein in the urine can be asymptomatic and is detected only during medical examinations.

The primary examination of the patient is carried out by a general practitioner. It includes anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory and instrumental examination.

The anamnesis includes the patient’s complaints, which in 70% of cases helps to make a preliminary diagnosis.

A physical examination consists of palpation, in which the doctor notes the enlargement of the kidney, and percussion (tapping) of the kidneys, which helps highlight pain symptoms.

Laboratory testing consists of a CBC (complete blood count) and a UAM (general urinalysis). TAM shows the quantitative protein content and helps determine the degree of proteinuria:

Amount of protein

Moderate

more than 2 g/l

Instrumental diagnostics during the initial examination consists of an ultrasound examination. At this method The size of the kidneys, the width of the pelvis, and the patency of the ureters are determined.

After the initial examination, the therapist gives a referral to a nephrologist or urologist, where the doctor makes a more accurate diagnosis of the disease and identifies the underlying cause.

Other diagnostic methods:

A test strip coated with a dry reagent helps determine the content of albumin and low molecular weight proteins.
A quantitative method for determining protein in urine using a dye - pyrogallol red, which contains molybdenum ions and forms a red complex with peptides.
Determination of the protein/creatinine ratio in a single portion of urine. Normally, the ratio is ≤ 0.2 grams of protein per 1 gram of creatinine, and in nephrotic syndrome ≥ 3.5 grams.
Determination of proteinuria in daily urine collection. Normal - up to 0.15 g/day, mild - 1 g/day, moderate - 1-3 g/day, severe - 3 g/day.

Treatment

Treatment of proteinuria depends on the presence of the underlying disease. Having eliminated the cause, the protein in the urine returns to normal. However, when correcting protein in urine, regardless of etiology, a specific list of medications with a pronounced nephroprotective effect is prescribed:

ACE inhibitor (angiotensin-converting enzyme);
angiotensin II receptor blockers;
statins;
calcium channel blockers.

If the underlying disease is caused by infectious agents, the doctor will additionally prescribe antibiotics that are sensitive to this infection.

Nutritional factors play a major role in increasing protein in the urine, so diet is important in treatment.

The doctor excludes meat and fish from the patient’s diet, minimizes the consumption of salt and salt-containing products(no more than 2 grams per day), limits the amount of liquid consumed: water, soups, juices and other liquid foods.

Eating rice is allowed fermented milk products with low fat content, steamed vegetables, beets, pumpkin, dried fruits, rosehip tea and blackcurrant juice.

When the protein in the urine is normalized and the underlying disease is cured, the doctor gradually introduces excluded foods back into the diet.

Complications

If proteinuria is not detected in a timely manner, serious complications may develop: acute or chronic renal failure; acute or chronic heart failure; disruption of tissue regeneration, which reduces the complete recovery of the body.

In pregnant women, undiagnosed proteinuria leads to the addition of other kidney dysfunctions (concentration abilities and leaching of salts in the urine). In patients, blood pressure increases and can reach 200/110 mmHg. Eclampsia occurs, characterized by a sharp increase in cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The occurrence of convulsive symptoms and coma leads to the death of the expectant mother or her fetus.

Prevention

Regular testing helps the patient to detect the disease in a timely manner. medical examination with change general analysis urine. Early detection of proteinuria allows doctors to begin early diagnosis reasons for the appearance of protein in the urine and subsequent treatment.

To prevent an increase in protein in urine, the following recommendations should be followed:

drinking alcohol in reasonable doses;
sufficient drinking of filtered, boiled water (at least 1.5 liters per day);
adequate consumption of protein foods;
avoid emotional stress, severe physical activity and hypothermia;
do not neglect and promptly treat diseases of the urinary and reproductive systems, endocrine disorders, cardiovascular diseases and other causative factors.