Often there are miscarriages. When the risk of miscarriage is especially high

One of the largest and long-awaited joys for a woman is, of course, the joy of motherhood. Having learned about her pregnancy (according to the results of a test or with the confirmation of a doctor), a woman already casually looks at the windows with children's things and toys, plans how and where she will give birth, comes up with a name for the future baby, etc. True, no one around has yet notices that you are pregnant, because the baby inside you is very tiny and is just starting its difficult path of development and growth.

Unfortunately, your happiness may be overshadowed ‒ medical statistics claims that a quarter of pregnancies on early term ends in miscarriages. At this time, a woman may not yet know about the changes in her body. Then it is a little easier for her to cope with the pain of loss.

How to avoid early miscarriage? To do this, expectant mothers need to know what can provoke a miscarriage, what symptoms and signs it is accompanied by, how to prevent them and whether they can be avoided.

This problem in medicine is considered quite serious, because it is often encountered, and in most cases the process is almost impossible to stop. If a miscarriage or spontaneous interruption pregnancy occurs at the very beginning, the woman may not even understand what happened.

Without realizing her situation, a woman simply thinks that menstrual cycle lost or there was a delay (usually a week or two). Then some feel slight pain in the abdomen, and menstruation begins, which, however, can go much more abundantly than usual. Far from all women treat such women, but only those who were frightened by a blood clot that came out, similar to a burst bubble.

Nevertheless, worth going to the doctor even if nothing else bothers you. They will do an examination to see if it really was an early miscarriage, and also check if additional cleaning is needed after that.

If a woman knows about her pregnancy, then she needs to be very attentive to any manifestations of pain or discomfort in the abdomen and back. The slightest smearing character with an admixture of blood or tissue clots is already dangerous. Sometimes pregnancy is still possible so you should contact your doctor immediately.

Spontaneous termination of pregnancy occurs before 12 weeks, which is classified as an early miscarriage. If it happens before 22 weeks, it will be too late. Unfortunately, this also happens for a variety of reasons. Further, doctors define this threat as premature birth, and with prompt and timely intervention can save a premature baby.

Causes of threatened miscarriage in early pregnancy

Why does an early miscarriage occur? Sometimes a woman faces this problem several times in a row. Doctors call this recurrent miscarriage.

The cause of spontaneous miscarriage at an early stage is very difficult to determine, this will require a comprehensive detailed examination, many different tests and appropriate treatment.

But it may also happen that even this will not help, that is, the termination of pregnancy will be affected by factors that simply cannot be predicted or prevented.

The main reasons that cause or provoke a miscarriage are a number of socio-biological and medical factors. The first group is purely personal and subjective reasons:

unfavourable conditions(place of work in hazardous production, radiation, exposure to environmental toxins, severe psycho-emotional background and microclimate in the family, etc.);
Unhealthy Lifestyle And bad habits(if you are, then you should quit smoking, do not drink alcohol, give up strict diets, excessive coffee consumption, adjust your diet and daily routine);
woman's age is also often one of the causes of miscarriage;
stressful situations, nervous shocks or strong feelings are serious threat for a small life. A woman should protect herself from all this, but in no case do not take sedatives so as not to harm the baby even more. It is better to consult a doctor to find the right way out if stress cannot be avoided;
do not ignore the danger that all kinds of physical exercise. Give up hard physical work and do not lift heavy things (even grocery bags that weigh more than 5 kg are taboo for you). Sports should also be approached with caution. Some types, especially extreme ones, cannot be combined with pregnancy. Be careful with hot baths, baths or saunas;
if it happened to you accident(unforeseen emergency, car accident, etc.) so that you are seriously injured or injured, the body may not be able to keep the pregnancy going. Even a slight fall by negligence is dangerous ( uncomfortable shoes, ice, etc.).

Medical reasons or women's health problems

Doctors say that early miscarriage is most often provoked genetic disorders or abnormalities in the fetus. A woman may suffer from a hereditary form of pathology, although there are single mutations that lead to the death of the embryo. This is influenced by a whole range of different factors: radiation, viruses, unfavorable environmental conditions, etc. It is no longer possible to control or stop this process. Thus, nature itself produces a kind of control, relieving you of unviable offspring. However, doctors recommend that couples who want to conceive healthy child, seek advice from a geneticist, and carefully prepare for an upcoming pregnancy.
Very often, the cause of spontaneous miscarriage in the early stages is hormonal disorders in a woman's body. If you detect the problem in time and seek help from a doctor, then this threat can be eliminated. The most frequent complaints are about shortages, although there are cases of high content male hormones. Problems with thyroid gland and adrenal glands, which do not allow the organs to function correctly and fully, also cause miscarriages. Usually in such cases, hormone therapy or appropriate treatment is prescribed. It is better to check the condition of your body before pregnancy.
Any pathology of the immune system threatened with abortion. The most common manifestation is considered to be a complication in the form of an Rhesus conflict. This means that your body is fighting a foreign embryo and rejecting it, because its blood Rh factor is negative, and it was taken from dad - positive. If there is such a possibility, then doctors recommend prophylaxis with immunomodulators.
Very dangerous for pregnancy of any kind infections. This includes all sexually transmitted diseases: herpetic and cytomegalovirus infections, toxoplasmosis, chlamydia, syphilis, trichomoniasis and others. Because of membranes are affected by viruses and pathogenic bacteria, the fetus itself can be infected, which leads to miscarriage.
Also a serious risk for the baby are inflammatory diseases internal organs and even common infectious diseases: viral hepatitis, rubella, influenza or tonsillitis with complications and elevated temperature, pneumonia and others. When planning a pregnancy, pay close attention to your health in order to identify and eliminate any possible hazards.
A huge stress for the female body should be called abortion. If previous pregnancies were interrupted artificially, then there is a huge risk of complications that lead to miscarriage or even secondary infertility. Be sure to tell your doctor if you have had an abortion before.
The first trimester of pregnancy practically excludes the use of any medicines, medicines and even herbs. All this often poses a great threat to the life of the fetus and affects its development. Never self-medicate, because even elementary parsley in the form of seasoning can lead to. Always consult your gynecologist and read the instructions carefully.

Also cause miscarriage individual characteristics organism women. So, if she suffers from congenital anomalies in the structure of the uterus, isthmic-cervical insufficiency, oncological diseases of the genital organs or other pathologies, then often the pregnancy simply cannot be preserved.

The threat of miscarriage in the early stages: signs and symptoms

How to recognize an early miscarriage and what are the symptoms?

There are several main stages of spontaneous abortion, since it does not happen all at once. Each of these stages is characterized by its own symptoms of the threat of miscarriage in the early stages, and sometimes this can be stopped or prevented if you seek medical attention in time.

So, the first signs of a miscarriage in the early stages, which should alert you any symptoms of pain or pain in the back and in the abdomen, which are accompanied by brown or red discharge. Sound the alarm even if a few drops of blood appear from the vagina, because this may already indicate an early miscarriage. Also pay attention to your condition: have the main signs of pregnancy disappeared?

Not to be missed scheduled visits to the doctor, surrender mandatory tests or necessary examinations. So you can exclude any pathologies in the development of your baby and be sure that the pregnancy is going well.

The main stages of a miscarriage

Threat or risk spontaneous abortion. This condition happens very often, which is why some women are forced to lie down for almost the entire 9 months. It is characterized by the above-mentioned cramping pains and spotting, sometimes even very copious. It can also be noted increased tone uterus.
The second stage is more serious - it is already classified as incipient miscarriage or spontaneous abortion. The fetal egg has already partially exfoliated from the walls of the uterus, so the symptoms of spontaneous miscarriage in the early stages will be pronounced. But doctors still consider this stage to be reversible, that is, with prompt and qualified intervention, they can save the life of your child.
With the so-called "miscarriage in motion" pregnancy can't be saved. At this stage, the woman feels severe and sharp pain, and profuse bleeding occurs almost immediately. The fertilized egg has already died, and the cervix is open, so it can come out all at once or in parts, which will be considered an incomplete miscarriage.
The last stage is the completed spontaneous abortion. The uterus, expelling the dead fertilized egg, shrinks and returns to its original size.

Treatment and consequences after a miscarriage in early pregnancy

What to do after a miscarriage in early pregnancy? If, nevertheless, it happened that the pregnancy could not be maintained, and you lost the child, then you need to undergo therapy, which is mandatory after a miscarriage. The doctor should send you to body examination to determine the cause that provoked the miscarriage (if this has not been done before).

It is imperative to check whether the fetal egg has completely left the walls of the uterus, since with an incomplete or failed abortion, you will need curettage. There will also antibiotics are prescribed, which will help to cope with a possible infection, and hormonal contraceptives. This will stabilize your hormones.

In addition to physical stress on the body, miscarriage is very serious. psychological and emotional test for any woman. The pain of loss can develop into a severe prolonged depression, especially if the pregnancy was long-awaited and desired. Do not withdraw into yourself during this difficult time, try to trust your spouse, parents, loved ones, so that they support you and help you survive grief. Allow yourself to grieve and cry, you can even seek help from a psychologist if you are unable to cope with your feelings.

Do not be afraid of the same failures in the future and despair. Just be more responsible with your next one early. Remember that the body is still restoration required, so do not rush to become a mother again for at least six months. During this time, you can get rid of existing problems, drink, undergo complex therapy prescribed by a doctor.

The right mental attitude is also very important and only positive thoughts that everything will be fine with you, and after a certain period of time you will take your long-awaited baby in your arms.

If you find out that you carry a small life in you, then you need to minimize it as much as possible. potential risks which can lead to miscarriages. Observe simple rules: adjust your diet, give up bad habits, lead a healthy lifestyle, do not overwork, be extremely careful, avoid stress and nervous shocks.

Be sure to stand on registration in women's clinic. The doctor can help identify illnesses or problems that you did not know about, but which may pose a threat to the child. Timely treatment or prevention will help prevent the threat of miscarriage. Follow all the recommendations that your gynecologist gives you.

At the slightest sign of danger immediately go to the hospital. In most cases, the pregnancy can still be saved. If you have experienced the loss of a child, do not despair and do not be alone with your pain.

Video about miscarriage in the first trimester of pregnancy

We invite you to watch one of the pregnancy video guide series, where you will be told about such a problem as a miscarriage, what can be the cause and how to survive the loss.

Please share in the comments have you faced similar problem: what helped you prevent the threat, what symptoms and signs did it accompany, did you prepare for conception in advance, what kind of therapy did you undergo?

A miscarriage is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy for up to 22 weeks. Medical statistics says that every fourth woman faces this problem in the early stages of pregnancy. Many of them were not even aware of their interesting position not to mention realizing that a miscarriage has occurred. On the one hand, this protects a woman from unnecessary worries about a failed pregnancy, but on the other hand, it makes it impossible to understand the reasons and prevent this from happening in the future, when the pregnancy is planned and desired. Therefore, it is necessary to know the main signs by which at home you can determine that a miscarriage has occurred, and understand what to do in such a situation.

Early miscarriage symptoms

Most women who miscarry early in their pregnancy at home confuse it with menstruation. Sometimes you can notice that after a delay, menstruation is accompanied by more soreness and more bleeding.

But, unaware of their situation, women do not associate this with a miscarriage. In order not to confuse a miscarriage with menstruation, and to prevent adverse consequences, you need to pay attention to certain signals from your body. Most frequent symptoms accompanying a miscarriage are bleeding and pain.

Discomfort begins with pain in the form of tingling in the lower abdomen. Gradually, the pain intensifies and spreads to the lower back.

Pain sensations are periodic in nature and are called cramping. Often a woman may note that the interval between pain attacks is approximately the same and begins to decrease over time.

An alarming signal may be an increase in the tone of the uterus. It is not always associated with the onset of a miscarriage, but only in cases where it causes discomfort to the expectant mother and is accompanied by pain.

Very dangerous symptom, indicating a threat or a miscarriage that has already occurred, is bleeding from the vagina. Even a single drop of blood should alert a woman. If nothing is done in this case, then the bleeding may increase, which can lead not only to spontaneous abortion, but also pose a significant danger to the life of the woman herself.

stages of miscarriage

A miscarriage doesn't happen all at once. By identifying the symptoms of an incipient miscarriage at home, there is a chance to save the pregnancy if you seek help in a timely manner.

There are several stages of miscarriage, each of which is characterized by a more pronounced manifestation of certain symptoms:

Diagnostics

What should I do if a woman, while at home, suspects that she has started or has already had a miscarriage? The most important thing is not to panic, but to immediately seek help medical care.

At home, it is quite difficult to assess the state of a woman’s health, so it would be better if she undergoes an examination in a medical institution.
The main diagnostic methods for threatened miscarriage are ultrasonography and a blood test for hCG.

Each woman reacts differently to the manifestation of certain symptoms, therefore, based only on visible signs, it is impossible to accurately understand whether she has a miscarriage and, if so, at what stage it is.

Ultrasound allows you to assess the condition of not only the female body, but also the fetus. According to its results, conclusions can be drawn about the possibility of maintaining a pregnancy.

Another method for diagnosing early pregnancy is to measure the level of hCG in the blood. Chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone that is produced in the body of a pregnant woman. In the absence of pregnancy, the level of this hormone ranges from 0 to 5 mU / ml. With a normal pregnancy, it gradually increases depending on the duration of pregnancy.

Determine the presence of pregnancy this analysis You can already in the first week of conception. This indicator is informative for the diagnosis of miscarriage. In the event of an interrupted pregnancy, its level begins to fall rapidly.

Causes of miscarriage

It is very difficult to determine for sure what caused an early miscarriage. To do this, a woman will have to undergo a whole range of examinations, pass a lot of tests. It is necessary to do this, first of all, in order to exclude negative factors in the future. Medicine conditionally divided all the causes that provoke involuntary termination of pregnancy into two groups.

Subjective causes of early miscarriage

Conditionally considered subjective are those reasons that are directly related to the lifestyle and personality of a woman. To cope with them under the power of the future mother herself.

The first group includes the following factors:

Impact of adverse conditions. It could be like harmful production where a woman works, and living in an area of high pollution. In addition, the unfavorable psycho-emotional state of the pregnant woman can also be attributed here - stress, quarrels at home, etc.
Wrong way of life. This includes how malnutrition and depletion of your body with various diets, as well as bad habits - smoking, alcohol and others.
Age. Doctors consider the optimal reproductive age for a woman to be 20-35 years. With age, the ability to become pregnant and carry a baby decreases.
Excessive physical activity. Pregnant women should avoid heavy physical work ( this opportunity provided and labor law) and active sports.
Accident. Unfortunately, no one is immune from this. At the same time, all the body's defenses are aimed at restoring the health of the woman herself, so very often after such incidents a woman loses her unborn baby.

Medical causes of early miscarriage

If the subjective causes that provoke a miscarriage can be dealt with even without resorting to outside help, then to eliminate medical reasons the help of specialists is needed.

If you correctly approach the issue of pregnancy planning, do everything that doctors recommend, then you can, if not exclude, then significantly reduce the risk of miscarriage, even in the presence of negative medical factors.

The second group of reasons includes the following factors:

Pregnancy is the greatest happiness for many women. The expectant mother should do everything to protect her unborn baby from negative factors that can provoke an early miscarriage. Proper nutrition, taking care of your health, regular visits to the doctor - these are the components that should accompany a woman on her way to motherhood. Listening to your body and responding to any unpleasant symptoms, you can save the pregnancy even if there is a threat of its spontaneous interruption.

By certain reasons, miscarriage can occur due to various hormonal disorders, previous abortions, STDs, past viral and infectious ailments, in particular, if a woman is often stressed. In order to prevent the occurrence of an undesirable situation in a timely manner, it is necessary to consider existing reasons that cause miscarriages. We'll try to figure this out.

Indeed, knowing about certain symptoms that precede the ongoing spontaneous abortion, taking appropriate actions in time, it is quite possible to safely endure and also give birth to a baby.

Some sources claim that almost fifteen to twenty percent of all pregnancies end in miscarriages. In addition, in many cases this is observed at a time when the pregnant woman does not even suspect that the pregnancy process has already begun, and the discharge that appears at this time believes that the next menstruation has come.

In such a situation, the psychological state of a woman is in a calmer state after she learns about what happened, she is less prone to the occurrence of strong psychological shocks, depression and stress. However, when a miscarriage occurs in the early period, it is definitely more difficult for a woman to endure it emotionally.

An early miscarriage is the process of carrying a baby that happens before the twelfth week. Often there are "late" involuntary abortions.

Diagnosis of a miscarriage

If the pregnant woman felt that any deviations were occurring in her body, then she should immediately seek medical help. There are various signs miscarriage, however, the doctor still takes into account precisely the clinical symptoms.

main way, which is used in the study of miscarriage - ultrasound diagnostics. Since it determines the fact, it also helps to determine the method by which the treatment will be carried out, that is, whether it is necessary to continue to carry out therapy aimed at maintaining the pregnancy or not. Often a method is used to measure the level of hCG in the blood, because if the fetus has died, its level decreases.

The most dangerous, as well as serious, sign of a miscarriage is vaginal bleeding, in particular, if it is completely insignificant. It is from a weak discharge of blood, which intensifies over time, that a spontaneous abortion occurs, along with this process, spasms may also appear in the lower abdomen. Incoming discharge may have a scarlet hue, as well as brown. At the same time, they can be observed not very abundant and last more than a few days.

cutting pain can be along with a miscarriage, but their absence can also be observed. It happens that symptoms appear, but they can disappear for a certain period of time, then reappear. In the event of one of these symptoms, a woman should immediately consult a doctor, since it is emergency medical care that can save the unborn baby.

If there is a sharp deterioration in the general condition of a woman, and for this there were no various precursors, in addition, pieces of tissue are observed in the resulting secretions, then this often indicates the following - a miscarriage has occurred. Often, the death of the fetus occurs before the start of the process of removing it from the female body.

Thus, it is quite often observed that the fetus comes out in parts. If it happens that the fetus is completely removed, then it looks like a round bubble with a grayish tint. Sometimes in spotting there may be some particles that have White color. For two or three days, along with pain, bleeding may occur.

When, after interrupting the process of bearing a baby, the cleaning of the uterus occurred in a completely independent way, the woman in this case does not need further appropriate therapy. However, if certain fragments of the fetus are found in the uterus, then their immediate removal is required. As a rule, after a miscarriage, a month or two later, the next menstruation begins.

When a woman's body rejects an embryo, which occurs during the process of carrying crumbs up to the twenty-second week, this process is called a miscarriage or spontaneous abortion.

If this process happened before the twelfth week of pregnancy, it is called early. In the case when the process of termination of pregnancy was in the interval from the twelfth to the twenty-second week, in this case the miscarriage is called late.

The concept of "premature birth" refers to the ongoing spontaneous interruption of the process of bearing a baby, observed in the period from 23 to 37 weeks. When, during 37-42 weeks, the fetus is rejected, then such delivery will be called urgent, when a completely viable baby is born.

Late delivery - when a pregnant woman gives birth after the forty-second week, this is not the most the best way affects the condition of the baby, as well as the very process of childbirth. From a medical point of view, when a baby is born before the twenty-second week, it is a fetus. But if the birth of the crumbs occurred in the period from 22 to 37 weeks, then the baby is considered a premature newborn. Its weight is no more than half a kilogram, and its height, as a rule, is about twenty-five centimeters.

However, thanks to the achievements of modern medicine, babies born today, even with a very small weight, have a great chance to survive. Today, raising a baby who was born at seven months is not a problem.

What could be the causes of a miscarriage?

Not in all cases it is easy to determine the cause of the miscarriage. Even after completing a series of studies, a woman is not always able to find out why the abortion happened. This is explained by the fact that such a process can happen not because of existing health problems, but because of random factors that cannot be influenced.

The main causes of miscarriage include:

Hormonal problems observed in a pregnant woman. This reason is the most common, due to which in the first period there is a threat of miscarriage. But if a woman turns to the doctor in a timely manner, then there is a possibility that such a miscarriage can be eliminated. The doctor then prescribes the use of drugs that eliminate the resulting lack of hormones.
As a rule, the specialist will recommend taking such drugs: duphaston, utrozhestan, since they are in case of shortage corpus luteum have a beneficial effect on the process of maintaining pregnancy. When the problem is that the thyroid gland has pathologies, then the treatment is carried out in this direction.
If the female body contains a significant amount of male hormones aimed at reducing the formation of progesterone and estrogens, this can also cause a miscarriage. This condition is commonly seen in polycystic ovary syndrome. Then the appropriate treatment should be carried out even before the pregnancy planning process.
performed in the anamnesis, because this manipulation is quite a lot of stress for the woman's body, which can provoke dysfunction of the adrenal glands and ovaries. In addition, abortion contributes to the appearance of inflammation in the genitals, which in the future may become one of the causes of childlessness, as well as recurrent miscarriages.
An anomaly in the fetus at the genetic level, which often comes into contact with a pathology that is hereditary in nature. In certain cases, this condition appears due to single mutations leading to the death of the fetus. In this moment female body at the hormonal level, he realizes that the development of the embryo has stopped and then a miscarriage occurs.
In such cases, it is impossible to stop a spontaneous abortion, and there is no point in this, since the death of the fetus has already occurred. In the fetal genome, the occurrence of various mutations provokes the use of alcohol, smoking, in particular the intake of appropriate drugs, as well as bad condition ecology. All possible harm should be excluded even in the process of planning conception.
Immunological ailments of various kinds can provoke a miscarriage. In many cases, for a reason, when women have negative Rh factor. In order to avoid miscarriage in such cases, it is eliminated by a special drug administered to the pregnant woman as a neutralization of antibodies.
An unhealthy lifestyle is one of important factors that adversely affect the fetus. Therefore, smoking and the use of alcohol-containing drugs should be excluded even before the conception process.
Infectious diseases and various infections that are transmitted sexually can cause an abnormal development of the fetus, which can affect the course of pregnancy.
Stress is a condition that manifests itself along with the release of hormones that enter the bloodstream. These hormones have an insufficiently favorable effect on the course of bearing a baby.
Sexual intercourse, as well as various falls, weight lifting, in some cases, can be an appropriate mechanism that provokes the process of abortion.

If a spontaneous abortion has occurred, then the doctor should explain the further actions that will need to be taken by the woman. After this process, the condition of women is quite severe, especially if the pregnancy was expected and planned.

It is more desirable to take a vacation for a while, you can arrange sick leave, since the woman to restore the psycho-emotional, as well as physical condition it will take some time.

Since no woman can be insured from terminating a pregnancy, therefore, when a miscarriage happened for the first time, the doctor will suggest undergoing an appropriate examination of the body in order to find out the reasons that provoke the appearance of this process.

In the case when the interruption did not occur for the first time, then a complete examination should be performed, which will help identify existing genetic ailments, possible infections, and also help determine the state in which the hormonal background is. The delivery of appropriate tests must be performed not only by a woman, but also by a man who can be the source of this problem.

What are the types of miscarriages?

Doctors of miscarriage are divided into several types:

Incomplete (inevitable) - when in the lower abdomen, in particular in the lumbar region, sharp pains manifested along with uterine bleeding. Moreover, if there is an increase in the lumen of the cervix, the fetal membrane bursts, then such a miscarriage is inevitable. In the case of an incomplete miscarriage, the incoming discharge and pain do not stop.
Failed spontaneous abortion - when the death of the embryo (fetus) occurs, but at the same time it continues to be directly in the uterus. Such a condition can only be determined at the doctor's consultation, during which the specialist listens to the baby's heartbeat.
Complete miscarriage - when there is a spontaneous abortion and the fetus has completely left the uterus. During this period, hemorrhages completely stop, and there are no unpleasant sensations.
Anembryony - when fertilization occurs, but the formation of the fetus is not carried out. Attachment of the egg to the wall of the uterus is observed, it is also possible the formation of a gestational sac, in which there is a yolk sac. At the same time, there is no fetus in the uterus, but there may be symptoms of pregnancy.
Repeated - observed in the case when a woman in the early stages had more than three spontaneous abortions. Somewhere around one percent of families have a similar disorder.
Chorionic adenoma - with such a violation of fertilization, it is observed along with a change in genetic information, after which only a small piece of tissue is formed instead of the embryo, which receives larger size. Such painful conditions medical indications end in spontaneous termination of pregnancy, that is, abortion.

In the case when an early miscarriage occurred, and appropriate treatment was carried out, then no complications will arise. The doctor will definitely prescribe antibiotics, and also recommend starting the appropriate hormonal contraceptives. It is antibiotics that can overcome the infection, but as a normalization of the hormonal background, contraceptives should be used.

However, when a woman long time did not resort to curettage, it is possible to seek medical help in a timely manner, in which case a serious infection may occur, which can lead to endometritis, as well as inflammation of the uterine appendages. Subsequently, due to these complications, infertility may occur, since obstruction occurs fallopian tubes, thereby the appendages will function in the wrong volume.

Miscarriage - this condition is a severe stress that has an adverse effect on the immune as well as the hormonal system, therefore, oral contraceptives will need to be used for three months.

What preventive measures should be taken to prevent miscarriage?

It is good when a woman prepares in advance for the upcoming process of bearing a baby and plans to exclude those factors that can provoke a miscarriage. It is necessary to stop smoking and drinking alcohol-containing drinks.

Particular attention should be paid to nutrition, it should be complete and balanced. Sleep should preferably be eight hours. It is also advisable to perform a complete examination to help determine the presence of infections, and an appropriate study aimed at studying thyroid hormones should also be performed.

About the period at which there is a possibility of a miscarriage, you need to find out from the doctor. As a rule, special care should be taken at four to five weeks, including eight to nine weeks, as well as eleven to twelve weeks, that is, in the first half of the pregnancy process. In the development of the fetus, it is precisely such critical stages, as well as the influence exerted by various pathological factor may lead to fetal death.

Throughout pregnancy, many health problems can arise, but the thoughts of a pregnant woman should only be positive, because this can serve as an excellent prevention of miscarriage. Since it is a stable emotional state and mental condition can protect against spontaneous abortion.

In case of any danger, be sure to immediately consult a doctor. And remember that the problem is easier to prevent than to treat it.

A miscarriage is considered a spontaneous termination of pregnancy. Micromiscarriage is miscarriage in the first days after the formation of the fetal egg. Such a pathological process is usually asymptomatic - the fetus leaves the uterus along with menstrual blood, so the patient may not be aware of what is under the baby's heart, for example, if a miscarriage occurred at 2 weeks. At whatever time a miscarriage occurs, women need to know what can cause it and how spontaneous interruption manifests itself.

How does a miscarriage happen? What can cause it? What manifestations of a miscarriage can be recognized at 3 weeks? What is an abortion in progress? What does a miscarriage look like before a missed period?

Causes of miscarriage in early pregnancy

Causes of spontaneous abortion in short term include stress, abuse alcoholic drinks, as well as non-compliance with healthy lifestyles. Early miscarriage can also be triggered by other factors, including:

genetic abnormalities. According to statistics, more than 70% of spontaneous abortions occur precisely because of genetic disorders. Avoiding a miscarriage in this case is almost impossible. If doctors manage to keep the pregnancy, they notify the expectant mother about high risk the birth of a baby with gene mutations of varying severity. In many European countries, gynecologists do not fight to keep pregnancies below 15 weeks.
Hormonal disorders. Hormonal imbalance is one of the most common reasons why a woman cannot become pregnant or bear a baby. Violations are due to a deficiency of the endogenous hormone progesterone or increased testosterone production in early pregnancy. In the latter case, its high concentration prevents normal development embryo.
Violations of the functionality of the immune system. Most common problem when carrying a child, there is a Rh-conflict. It occurs when the baby receives the biological father's Rh factor, which is different from the mother's Rh factor. In this case, the female body perceives the fetus as a foreign body, and the immune forces begin to counteract the embryo. Pregnancy can be saved if you start taking the synthetic hormone progesterone on time, which has a positive effect on immune system protecting the baby.
Pathologies of an infectious nature. Almost all diseases that are transmitted through sexual contact can provoke an early miscarriage. At the stage of offspring planning, future parents are advised to take appropriate tests to exclude STDs in the body. Why both? Some infections are latent or asymptomatic, and during pregnancy, against the background of a weakened immune system, their exacerbation occurs. In addition, in 98% of cases, STDs are detected simultaneously in both partners.
Chronic diseases. The weaker the body, the less chance a woman has for successful gestation and childbirth. The situation is aggravated with relapses of pathologies of a chronic nature, which begin to worsen during the period of bearing a child due to a weakening of the body's defenses.
A history of abortion. In 80% of women who have experienced abortion, complications are observed - various inflammatory processes in the internal genital organs. It is usually very difficult for patients after an abortion to become pregnant or carry a baby.
Injuries. In cases of severe injury, even the placenta cannot protect the fetal egg from miscarriage, so the pregnancy may be terminated. A woman during the period of bearing a child should take care of herself, be careful, and avoid potentially dangerous situations.

Classification of miscarriage and associated symptoms

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Gynecologists adhere to one classification. Types of miscarriage include:

anembryony - pregnancy occurs without the formation of an embryo;
chariadenoma - an increase in pathological tissue in the fetal sac, which is mistaken for an embryo;
partial miscarriage - it occurs when the cervix is already open, the membrane is damaged, but the baby is still in the uterus;
with a complete miscarriage, the fetus dies and leaves the uterine cavity;
missed pregnancy, or ZB - the fetus asymptomatically stopped growing and developing, but did not leave the uterus, as a result of which the patient has to do curettage .;
repeated miscarriage - spontaneous interruption more than 3 times in a row.

Many women ask their gynecologist what an early miscarriage looks like. The first symptoms of a miscarriage are discomfort and pain, localized in the lumbar region and abdominal cavity, shooting in the area of the external genital organs.

A miscarriage at the 3rd week of pregnancy is accompanied by acute or aching, periodic or constant pain. Among other signs early miscarriage include vaginal discharge with blood, which indicate a miscarriage that has begun and require immediate hospitalization.

Abundance of secretions, their bright red color, the presence of clots makes it possible to understand that the patient has a fetal egg. Other symptoms of a miscarriage include severe tone and discomfort in the lower back and abdomen. If the tone is moderate, future mother you should rest, relax, reduce physical activity.

The signs of a miscarriage differ in intensity depending on the week of pregnancy. So, for example, a miscarriage at week 5 is accompanied by less strong pain signals or less copious secretions than at 12 weeks. Among the signs that the patient has a part of the fetal egg in the second trimester, include:
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outpouring amniotic fluid, which indicates that the amniotic sac has burst;
pain during a small trip to the toilet, the presence of blood impurities in the urine;
dangerous internal bleeding, which begins with pain signals in the gastrointestinal tract.

Stages of involuntary termination of pregnancy in the early stages

Gynecologists call 4 stages of spontaneous abortion. Depending on the condition of the fetal membranes, doctors distinguish the following stages:

Started miscarriage. The shells begin to flake off, while the patient begins to discharge with blood, aching pain.
Abortion in progress. All fetal membranes have separated and are ready to leave the uterine cavity, its cervix is open by 1 finger. woman experiencing severe pain and heavy bleeding.
Incomplete miscarriage. The embryo has already left the uterus, but parts of the chorion and fetal membranes still remain in it. If the dead embryo completely leaves the uterus, it will be considered a complete miscarriage, if not, then we are talking about an incomplete miscarriage and the need for surgical curettage.
Complete miscarriage. A rare condition in which the remnants of the membranes have left the uterus without surgical cleaning.

Ultrasound and other methods for diagnosing a threatened miscarriage

At the first symptoms of a spontaneous miscarriage, a woman should not stay at home, she needs to see her doctor as soon as possible. The gynecologist, first of all, should send her to do a laboratory blood test to detect the concentration of pregnancy hormones and ultrasound to determine the heartbeat, visualize the localization of the embryo.

After receiving the results of a laboratory test and ultrasound, the obstetrician conducts an examination on which:

compares the size of the uterus to the week of pregnancy;
determines the uterine tone;
evaluates the condition of the neck;
analyzes the nature and abundance of discharge and other symptoms of habitual miscarriage.

Features of treatment for the threat of miscarriage

If a woman went to the doctor with signs of a threat to initial stage when a miscarriage can be prevented, the gynecologist should prescribe drugs to the patient to support the life of the fetus. Among the permitted medications during pregnancy are drugs that do not penetrate into the general circulation and through the placental barrier. Their reception should be coordinated with the gynecologist who leads the pregnancy.

All other pharmaceuticals and folk remedies have a negative effect on the fetus. So, for example, harmless parsley can provoke uterine tone and spontaneous interruption.

With the threat of miscarriage, the patient is usually prescribed hormonal preparations. However, a woman should remember that their use during pregnancy increases the risk of complications in the fetus. For example, early hormone therapy can cause hypospadias in male infants. Accordingly, in order to avoid miscarriage, a woman should be tested for hormone levels at the stage of pregnancy planning.

What to do if a miscarriage occurs

The initial goal of treatment after incomplete release of the membranes is to remove the remnants of the embryo from the uterine cavity. Doctors resort to curettage only after confirming the presence of tissue remnants through ultrasound. Cleaning is carried out so that the membranes are completely out of the uterine cavity.

IN postoperative period after a miscarriage, a woman is usually prescribed antibiotics, anticoagulants (with severe and prolonged bleeding), antifungal drugs, hormones to reduce the uterus. If the patient was admitted with a complete miscarriage, the cleaning is not performed, but the woman remains in the hospital for a day to monitor her condition. After surgical curettage due to a miscarriage, a woman needs to stay in the gynecological department for up to 5 days. The patient can return to work not earlier than in 10-14 days.

After a woman has had a miscarriage, the gynecologist must determine the cause that provoked the spontaneous interruption. The patient is advised:

take general blood and urine tests;
undergo an analysis of the chromosome set of parents;
check for abnormalities in the development of the uterus.

Recovery period

Rehabilitation after curettage is a rather difficult and lengthy period. So, for example, the discharge disappears only after 3-10 days, and the menstrual cycle resumes after 3-6 weeks.

As for the usual rhythm of life, the physical and sexual activity can be resumed 2-3 weeks after the miscarriage, provided there is no vaginal discharge. Reproductologists recommend refraining from a new pregnancy for 3-6 months.

Is it possible to avoid miscarriage in early pregnancy?

Not every pregnancy that is at risk can be saved, but a habitual miscarriage does not mean future infertility. With lifestyle changes and proper treatment the chances of a new pregnancy are quite high, only a few survive a repeated spontaneous miscarriage. A woman who wants to prevent a habitual miscarriage should:

give up cigarettes and alcohol;
keep weight gain under control;
limit caffeine intake;
take vitamin complexes;
adhere to the principles of healthy eating;
do not neglect visits to the doctor, follow his recommendations.

Since instability nervous system the expectant mother can also affect the life of the baby, the patient in position should forever exclude stress from her life. Nervous strain negatively affects the body of the expectant mother and fetus.

During stress, certain hormones are produced in the body that affect the overall hormonal background and can even provoke hormonal failure. Taking sedatives without the consent of the attending physician is undesirable and dangerous for the fetus, therefore, in order to avoid irreversible consequences a pregnant woman should get more rest and relax. If the patient's work is stressful, she should go on maternity leave earlier than the scheduled time.

Some moms-to-be want to keep on leading habitual image life. If the type of activity of the pregnant woman is associated with physical activity, she should reduce them or completely abandon them. Patients in a position in the early stages should not lift weights weighing more than 5 kg, as well as get involved in intense sports. It is better to switch the attention of a pregnant woman to yoga, swimming.

Overheating adversely affects the development of the fetus, so hot baths are not recommended for pregnant women. Patients in position should refrain from saunas and baths for 9 months. The ideal way to relax is to take a warm shower. Women who take care of their baby should exclude tobacco and alcohol, as well as change their habitual lifestyle to a healthy lifestyle, if they did not start adhering to these rules at the stage of offspring planning.

Consequences of spontaneous abortion

A miscarriage is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy in the first or second trimester, before the 22nd week. At this time, the fetus reaches a mass of 500 g, which means that even if the pregnancy ends before the 40th week, it can be saved. Therefore, from the 22nd week they talk about premature birth.

Miscarriages happen frequently.

According to various estimates, 15-20% of all pregnancies end early.

But these are only those cases when women already knew about the pregnancy. It happens much more often that they don’t even know about the pregnancy when it is interrupted. How many people are affected by or at risk for pregnancy loss or miscarriage?.

Miscarriages are divided into two types:

Spontaneous, or sporadic, when a woman has had 1-2 miscarriages.
Habitual. This means that three or more pregnancies ended in miscarriages, usually at the same time. One woman in a hundred experiences recurrent miscarriages.

Why miscarriages happen

In most cases, miscarriages are the law of nature. No one knows exactly how the mother's body determines that it is not worth bearing this fetus, but arguing with this process is usually pointless. It is also not always possible to predict a miscarriage: we can only assume what happened.

Chromosomal abnormalities of the fetus

Three out of four miscarriages occur in the first trimester of pregnancy, that is, in the first three months. At this time the most common cause interrupted pregnancy - fetal anomalies.

Chromosomes are structures that are made up of DNA, that is, genes. Genes are the instructions by which all processes in our body go. Genes determine how and when the fetus will develop, how it will become a child and how it will live later, what the blood type will be and even what sweets it will like more than others.

When the cells of mom and dad meet, fertilization occurs, after a few hours the fertilized egg divides for the first time. This is a very complex process, and things can go wrong. For example, it turns out that the embryo has an extra chromosome or, conversely, one is missing. But whatever the breakdown, the result is the same: the fetus is not viable. Here the body rejects it, this is a natural mechanism You Asked: What Causes a Miscarriage?.

In most cases, a woman does not even notice that a miscarriage has occurred.

Chemical changes in the body are insignificant, and not everyone feels them. The delay is also small, so it can be attributed to natural changes in the cycle, and outwardly such a miscarriage is no different from.

About two thirds of all early miscarriages are just such anomalies. They cannot be predicted, prevented or cured. Of course, the quality of the sex cells of mom and dad affects the viability of the embryo. But anomalies occur even in perfectly healthy parents with normal eggs and sperm.

If the pregnancy was established by tests, analyzes and even ultrasound, then it can still end in a miscarriage due to fetal abnormalities.

Empty fertilized egg

Some pregnancies end because anembryony develops. This is a phenomenon when there is a fetal egg, but there is no embryo formed in it. This is also a consequence of breakdowns after conception. Miscarriage.

Problems with the placenta

In order for the fetus to develop, it must attach to the wall of the uterus and begin to feed with the help of the placenta. The placenta is a special organ that connects the organisms of the mother and fetus. This organ is formed before the 14-16th week of pregnancy. And if during this period something went wrong and the placenta “failed”, the pregnancy will be terminated, because the fetus cannot be carried without a placenta.

chronic diseases

In the second trimester, the risk of miscarriage can be affected by the health of the mother, and in particular some chronic diseases:

Diabetes mellitus (if not controlled).
Autoimmune diseases.
Diseases of the kidneys.
Disorders in the work of the thyroid gland.

infections

Some infections can harm the fetus and cause miscarriage. These are HIV (if left untreated and controlled), chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, rubella, toxoplasmosis, and cytomegalovirus, if you get the last three during pregnancy. Please note that this list does not include ureaplasmosis and any changes in the vaginal flora.

Medications

Many medicines, including natural ones (herbs, the same coltsfoot), can affect the course of pregnancy. Therefore, you can take any medication only if it is safe and agreed with your doctor.

Features of the structure of the uterus

The shape, structure, and position of the uterus can affect how a pregnancy progresses. But anomalies that can actually lead to a miscarriage are extremely rare.

Sometimes the muscular ring of the cervix is weaker than necessary for bearing the fetus. This condition is called isthmic-cervical insufficiency. Because of it, the cervix opens before childbirth, a miscarriage occurs Causes of miscarriage. This anomaly should be noticed by a gynecologist who will suggest treatment options.

Polycystic ovaries

A syndrome that leads to enlarged ovaries, difficulty conceiving, and an increased risk of miscarriage What causes pregnancy loss/miscarriage?, although no one knows for sure how PCOS affects pregnancy. Many women with this problem carry the fetus until the 40th week.

What increases the risk of miscarriage

Mother's age. The risk of miscarriage in women aged 20-24 years is 8.9%, after 45 years - 74.7% Maternal age and fetal loss: population based register linkage study.
Bad habits. Smoking and drugs (in any quantities), alcohol (more than 50 ml of strong drinks per week).
Caffeine. A small amount of caffeine does not affect the fetus, so up to 200 mg of caffeine per day can be taken. Usually this rate is twice as high. how much caffeine is in tea and coffee, so as not to get confused.
Obesity.

What does not affect miscarriage

Contrary to many myths, pregnancy cannot be prevented by:

Stresses and experiences of a pregnant woman, fear.
Any daily activity Early Pregnancy Loss, including work (if it is not initially related to harmful activities).
Sports and, if there are no contraindications to them, which the gynecologist will tell about.
Spicy food.
Flying.

What to do if a miscarriage occurs

In any case, you need to visit a doctor to check if there are any unnecessary tissues left in the uterus. As a rule, the body gets rid of everything superfluous itself. Sometimes the uterus needs help: either take a medicine that opens its cervix, or resort to surgical methods.

To find out the cause of a miscarriage, you need to pass general analysis blood, to be checked for infections and to examine the uterus. Together with a partner, you can get checked by a geneticist and identify chromosomal abnormalities. However, it is not a fact that these analyzes and examinations will tell something: there are still too many mysteries in this matter.

One of the most difficult tasks after a miscarriage is to cope with the feeling and not blame yourself for what happened. Everyone experiences problems differently, but just in case, remember:

If the pregnancy was interrupted, then most likely the fetus had no chance, no matter how cynical it may sound.
We are not to blame for the fact that the human body is so complex and so difficult to reproduce.
Miscarriages are common, and after them, most women get pregnant and give birth without much difficulty.
Worrying and being sad is normal.
If you find it difficult, you can always seek psychological help.

What can we do to prevent miscarriage

Sadly, almost nothing.

If the miscarriage is due to genetic causes, then we are powerless. If infections are to blame, then we can (for example, from rubella and influenza) or try to avoid infection. If the miscarriage is to blame chronic diseases, then we can treat them or at least control them.

But in most cases, a miscarriage is not the fault of the parents, but a complex, albeit terrible, from our point of view, selection mechanism.