Miscarriage is the spontaneous termination of pregnancy. It occurs with various disorders in a woman’s body. A woman who has had such a misfortune should know what to do after a miscarriage. After all, before planning a new pregnancy, she must undergo a number of procedures. Competent diagnosis, timely detection and treatment of those diseases that prevent normal course pregnancy, will help in the future to conceive and carry healthy child.
Treatment after miscarriage
Treatment is aimed at preventing infection from entering the body and stopping bleeding.
After curettage, hemostatic drugs and drugs that cause uterine contractions are prescribed to stop bleeding. To prevent infectious diseases, antibacterial agents are prescribed.
Recovery after miscarriage
The recovery period after a miscarriage is 6-12 months. During this period, you should not plan a second pregnancy.
To prevent pregnancy and restore hormonal levels, a woman needs to take contraceptives. A qualified doctor will help you select them.
A woman should avoid stress, refuse bad habits, you should eat right and take vitamins.
Tests after miscarriage
After spontaneous abortion married couple It is worth going through a series of tests. After all, a miscarriage is not always the fault of a woman, so men should also be examined.
Let's look at the list of tests that need to be taken after a miscarriage.
- Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.
- General blood and urine analysis.
- Screening for sexually transmitted infections. Both spouses should undergo smear tests for chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, and cytomegalovirus infection.
- Flora smear.
- Hormonal tests. Often the cause of miscarriage is hormonal disorders, so a woman should donate blood for hormones (progesterone, testosterone and estrogen).
- A thromboelastogram will help identify impaired hematopoiesis or hidden bleeding. The following indicators need to be examined: INR, thrombin time, fibrinogen and prothrombin time.
- Study of human papillomavirus. If this virus is detected, consultation with an oncologist is necessary.
- Examination of the main organs and systems.
Consequences after a miscarriage
Spontaneous miscarriage that occurs early, as a rule, does not pose a serious threat to a woman’s health. Negative consequences may occur with a miscarriage caused by folk remedies. A high probability of developing an inflammatory process occurs if fetal particles remain in the uterus. In such cases, it is worth carrying out curettage of the uterine cavity and a control ultrasound.
If you fail to apply in a timely manner medical care After a miscarriage, bleeding or an infectious process may develop.
But in general, after a miscarriage the prognosis is favorable. If you follow all the doctor’s recommendations, then have no doubt: your pregnancy will soon end with the birth of a healthy child.
A miscarriage is the spontaneous termination of pregnancy before 22 weeks. Medical statistics say that every fourth woman in the world faces this problem. early stages pregnancy. Many of them were not even aware of their interesting situation, let alone realized that a miscarriage had occurred. On the one hand, this protects the woman from unnecessary worries about a failed pregnancy, but on the other hand, it makes it impossible to understand the reasons and prevent this from happening in the future, when the pregnancy is planned and desired. Therefore, it is necessary to know the main signs by which you can determine at home that a miscarriage has occurred, and understand what to do in such a situation.
Symptoms of early miscarriage
Most women who experience a miscarriage early in their pregnancy at home confuse it with menstruation. Sometimes you may notice that after a delay, menstruation is accompanied by greater pain and heavy bleeding.
But, unaware of their situation, women do not associate this with a miscarriage. In order not to confuse a miscarriage with menstruation, and to prevent adverse consequences, you need to pay attention to certain signals from your body. The most common symptoms that accompany a miscarriage are bleeding and pain.
Discomfort begins with painful sensations in the form of tingling in the lower abdomen. Gradually the pain intensifies and spreads to the lower back.
The pain is periodic and is called cramping. Often a woman may notice that the interval between painful attacks is approximately the same and begins to shorten over time.
An alarming signal may be an increase in uterine tone. It is not always associated with the onset of a miscarriage, but only in cases where it causes discomfort to the expectant mother and is accompanied by pain.
Very dangerous symptom, indicating a threat or a miscarriage that has already occurred, is bleeding from the vagina. Even a single drop of blood should alert a woman. If nothing is done in this case, the bleeding may intensify, which can lead not only to spontaneous abortion, but also pose a significant danger to the life of the woman herself.
Stages of miscarriage
A miscarriage does not happen overnight. Having identified the symptoms of an incipient miscarriage at home, there is a chance to save the pregnancy if you seek help in a timely manner.
There are several stages of miscarriage, each of which is characterized by a more pronounced manifestation of certain symptoms:
Diagnostics
What to do if a woman, while at home, suspects that she has started or has already had a miscarriage? The most important thing is not to panic, but to immediately seek medical help.
It is quite difficult to assess a woman’s health at home, so it will be better if she undergoes an examination in a medical facility.
The main diagnostic methods for the threat of miscarriage are ultrasonography and blood test for hCG.
Each woman reacts differently to the manifestation of certain symptoms, so based only on visible signs it is impossible to accurately understand whether she has started a miscarriage and, if so, at what stage it is.
Ultrasound allows you to assess the condition not only female body, but also the fruit. Based on its results, conclusions can be drawn about the possibility of maintaining the pregnancy.
Another method for diagnosing early pregnancy is measuring hCG level in blood. Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone that is produced in the body of a pregnant woman. In the absence of pregnancy, the level of this hormone ranges from 0 to 5 mIU/ml. During a normal pregnancy, it gradually increases depending on the duration of pregnancy.
Determine pregnancy by this analysis possible already in the first week of conception. This indicator is also informative for diagnosing miscarriage. In the case of an interrupted pregnancy, its level begins to fall rapidly.
Causes of miscarriage
It is very difficult to determine for sure what caused an early miscarriage. To do this, a woman will have to undergo a whole range of examinations and undergo many tests. This must be done, first of all, in order to eliminate negative factors in the future. Medicine has conventionally divided all the causes of involuntary abortion into two groups.
Subjective causes of early miscarriage
Subjective reasons are conventionally considered to be those reasons that are directly related to the lifestyle and personality of a woman. The expectant mother herself can cope with them.
The first group includes the following factors:
- Exposure to adverse conditions. It could be like harmful production where a woman works, and living in an area of high pollution. In addition, this also includes the unfavorable psycho-emotional state of the pregnant woman - stress, quarrels at home, etc.
- Wrong lifestyle. This includes both Not proper nutrition and exhaustion of your body with various diets, as well as bad habits - smoking, alcohol and others.
- Age. Doctors consider the optimal reproductive age for women to be 20-35 years. With age, the ability to become pregnant and bear a baby decreases.
- Excessive physical exercise. Pregnant women should avoid heavy physical work ( this opportunity provided and labor legislation) and active sports.
- Accident. Unfortunately, no one is immune from this. At the same time, all the body’s defenses are aimed at restoring the health of the woman herself, so very often after such incidents a woman loses her unborn baby.
Medical causes of early miscarriage
If the subjective reasons that provoke a miscarriage can be dealt with even without resorting to outside help, then to eliminate medical reasons specialist help is needed.
If you approach the issue of pregnancy planning wisely and do everything that doctors recommend, you can, if not exclude, then significantly reduce the risk of miscarriage even in the presence of negative medical factors.
The second group of reasons includes the following factors:
Pregnancy is the greatest happiness for many women. The expectant mother should do everything to protect her unborn baby from negative factors that can cause early miscarriage. Proper nutrition, taking care of your health, and regular visits to the doctor are the components that should accompany a woman on the path to motherhood. Listening to your body and responding to any unpleasant symptoms, it is possible to maintain a pregnancy even if there is a threat of spontaneous termination.
The content of the article:
A miscarriage can happen at any time, even when the woman is not yet aware of her situation. However, in some cases, future mommy manages to become attached to the baby, give him a name and dream about his future. In this case, the loss of an unborn child becomes a real tragedy. The only desire of a woman that can console her is to plan a new pregnancy, and as soon as possible.
Causes
A miscarriage is the death of a fetus before 22 weeks. The process occurs spontaneously, without outside interference. According to statistics, early miscarriages occur in almost every fifth pregnancy, which is a fairly serious problem.
Spontaneous abortion rarely happens just like that. There can be many reasons, and identifying them sometimes becomes quite a difficult task. The main factors that provoke spontaneous abortion are:
Hormonal pathologies in a pregnant woman, which is the most common cause termination of pregnancy;
Genetic abnormalities of the fetus, which can be hereditary or occur as a result of mutations that lead to fetal death;
Infectious diseases that can cause miscarriage;
Pathologies immune system, Rhesus conflict;
Stressful situations, as a result of which a woman’s hormonal background changes;
Having bad habits.
In some cases, a miscarriage can be caused by several factors at once, one of which becomes dominant. To think about a new pregnancy, a woman needs to recover from a spontaneous abortion, find out its main cause, and undergo the necessary treatment.
Main symptoms
The first signs of a miscarriage are:
The appearance of bloody discharge of a bright red or brown color;
The occurrence of pain in the back or lower abdomen, which may indicate contraction of the uterus;
The appearance of vaginal clots, which may indicate a low level of hCG in the blood and confirm miscarriage.
Sometimes the uterine cavity can cleanse itself, but in most cases it requires cleaning - a gynecological procedure to remove any remaining fertilized egg from the uterus. If a uterine curettage procedure is performed, the doctor prescribes medications that help stop bleeding and prevent the development of the inflammatory process.
What to do after a miscarriage?
If such symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor; perhaps the pregnancy can still be saved. However, if a miscarriage does occur, then first of all it is recommended:
Try to rest as much as possible in the first 24 hours, your body needs to rest and recover from the loss;
To relieve pain and cramps in the abdomen, you can apply compresses, alternating cold compresses with hot ones - heat has a relaxing effect on the muscles, and cold helps get rid of pain;
You can take painkillers to relieve cramping pain in the lower abdomen. If the pain intensifies, you should immediately consult a doctor; there may be tissue left in the uterus that needs to be removed as soon as possible;
Be sure to measure your temperature - high readings may indicate the presence of infection and the development of an inflammatory process;
Follow the rules of hygiene, control the amount of bleeding, do not use tampons or douching, and are also not recommended for hygiene procedures use chemically aggressive means and soap;
It is necessary to abstain from sexual intercourse for at least the first month after a miscarriage, so as not to disrupt the healing process of the vagina. Moreover, due to the existing high risk new pregnancy, it is necessary to consider contraceptive methods;
Treatment
In any case, a miscarriage indicates that there are problems in the woman’s body that prevent the development of this pregnancy. There may be miscarriage. Therefore, immediately after a spontaneous abortion, it is recommended to establish its cause and try to eliminate it.
To do this, it is necessary to undergo an examination in order to identify infectious diseases, pathologies of the immune system, hormonal disorders, genetic diseases, tumor processes and undergo many other tests. Moreover, not only the woman, but also the man should undergo examination, because quite often the cause of miscarriage lies in the partner.
In addition to tests, it is necessary to visit many highly specialized specialists who can determine the condition of the heart, blood vessels, organs of the genitourinary system, and if detected possible pathologies, prescribe the necessary therapy.
In addition, the woman will have to keep a measurement chart basal temperature to determine the period of ovulation.
When identifying possible diseases and disorders, they need to be eliminated, for which specialists prescribe treatment.
Emotional recovery
Each person reacts differently to problems, pain, loss. And a miscarriage is a serious shock not only for physical health women, but can cause a serious blow to her emotional state. In this case, psychologists recommend:
Seek help from a psychotherapist who will help you cope with your experiences and look into the future without fear;
Don’t be afraid to share your feelings with loved ones or relatives, this will help avoid the development of depression;
Do not forget that a miscarriage was a blow not only for you, but also for your partner; mutual support is very important;
Increase physical activity - it will help reduce the level of stress hormones in the body and increase the production of endorphins, “hormones of happiness”;
Plan your next pregnancy only with your doctor.
It should be noted that in order to restore the body after unsuccessful attempt it takes time. According to statistics, the risk of repeated spontaneous abortion increases by one and a half times if the next pregnancy occurs earlier than six months after the miscarriage. Therefore, doctors strongly recommend refraining from trying to get pregnant for 6-12 months after an unsuccessful experience. In addition, it will be very important to use this period to properly prepare for pregnancy.
You may have to not only undergo treatment, but also completely change your lifestyle: review your diet, get rid of bad habits, learn to resist stress, increase physical activity, lead to normal indicators your weight.
Pregnancy is a serious decision, and you must understand that you are responsible not only for yourself, but also for the baby you are about to give birth to.
Read on baby.ru: 35th week of pregnancy forum
It's good when pregnancy is desired. However, two clear lines on the test do not at all guarantee that everything will be fine with the baby until birth. Sometimes the female body, for some reason, independently gets rid of the fetus some time after its appearance. We are talking about a miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy. Why does this happen and is there a way to prevent trouble?
Let's turn to impartial statistics: a quarter of all early pregnancies are doomed to spontaneous termination. To be able to influence the course of events, it is important to know the causes of miscarriage and its signs.
How does miscarriage occur in the early stages?
Unfortunately, if there are serious prerequisites for spontaneous termination of pregnancy in the early stages, it is almost impossible to reverse the pathological process. The fetus at this time is so small that the woman will not even understand what is happening to her. At first glance, this looks like the resumption of the menstrual cycle after a long delay (1 - 2 weeks). Menstruation, more abundant than usual, is accompanied by nagging pain in the lower abdomen. In addition, not all women go to the hospital after the incident. Only a few people go to see a doctor - mostly those who are frightened by the sight of a blood clot that has come out, resembling a ruptured bladder. Ideally, all women need a medical examination - if there really was a miscarriage, then additional cleaning may be needed after it.
When a woman is aware of her “interesting” situation, it is much easier for her to predict the onset of spontaneous miscarriage at an early stage. First of all, you should carefully monitor the sensations in the lower abdomen and back. Painful dull and pulling spasms, spotting with bloody or tissue lumps signal danger. If you seek medical help right away, there is a chance to save the pregnancy.
An early miscarriage is said to occur when the pregnancy spontaneously ends before the 12th week of the fetus's existence. Late miscarriage occurs up to 22 weeks, and subject to timely and coordinated actions of doctors, premature baby there is every chance of survival.
Early miscarriage: prejudices
There are many myths in society about the causes of spontaneous abortion. Any women's forum will tell you how to avoid early miscarriage, but not all advice can be trusted. It is reliably known that until the 12th week of pregnancy the following factors do not pose a threat to intrauterine development fetus:
- air travel by plane;
- minor blunt trauma to the abdominal area;
- moderate exercise;
- a single case of spontaneous abortion up to 12 weeks in history;
- active sex life;
- stress.
Real causes of early miscarriage
Doctors cite many socio-biological and medical factors as the reasons for spontaneous abortion. It is often very difficult to determine what exactly caused the misfortune: sometimes a miscarriage is based on one factor, and sometimes on a whole complex. A certain percentage of women are familiar with this pathology firsthand: the unfortunate ones have experienced several miscarriages in a row. In medical circles, this phenomenon was designated as recurrent miscarriage. We list the most serious and common factors that cause the threat of miscarriage in the early stages:
- Most often, the body itself gets rid of non-viable offspring if the appearance and development of the fetus is associated with a certain anomaly or genetic pathology. This may be a hereditary “breakdown” at the gene level or a spontaneous mutation caused by radiation, a dangerous virus or a difficult environmental situation. Medicine, alas, is unable to change or prevent this process. That is why thorough preparation for the upcoming pregnancy is impossible without consulting future parents with a geneticist;
- significant danger to normal development pregnancy presents disturbances in the functioning of the immune and hormonal systems. A woman needs to undergo the necessary checks at the stage of planning a child, then doctors will be able to eliminate all the “pitfalls” in advance. Quite often, progesterone deficiency, excess androgens, pathologies in the activity of the thyroid gland and adrenal glands become obstacles to achieving the dream of motherhood;
- Another pressing problem for the successful development of the fetus in a woman’s womb is Rh conflict. The maternal body reacts to the embryo as a foreign object and gets rid of it, since the Rh factor of its blood has a “-” sign, and was taken from the father with a “+” sign. If concerns about this are real, the situation is corrected with the help of immunomodulatory therapy at the stage of pregnancy planning;
- undoubted enemy healthy pregnancy– infection (regardless of origin). In particular, these are all diseases that are transmitted “through the bed”: herpes, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, etc. Pathogens, affecting the membranes, infect the embryo, which in the early stages of pregnancy leads to miscarriage;
- a disappointing ending to early pregnancy awaits a woman with chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases internal organs. The most insidious of them: viral hepatitis, rubella, pneumonia, influenza, severe sore throat;
- It is extremely difficult for a woman’s body to cope with pregnancy due to the stress caused by an abortion. Artificial termination of pregnancies in the past threatens secondary infertility and recurrent miscarriage in the future. A woman must definitely inform her doctor about such facts of her biography during pregnancy planning;
- cannot be ignored and such individual characteristics female body, such as congenital developmental anomalies and cancer of the internal genital organs, ICN. These and other pathologies exclude pregnancy as such.
The first symptoms of early miscarriage
The nature of the development of a miscarriage excludes the simultaneity - spontaneous termination of pregnancy can be divided into several stages. So, let's find out how to detect early miscarriage.
The first “bells” are painful sensations that cover the back in the lumbar region and lower abdomen. Often at the same time, brownish or reddish clots are released from the genital tract. Blood during early miscarriage is very danger sign, which indicates that tissue detachment has begun. Even a few drops of blood on underwear are a serious reason for immediate contact with a medical institution. A reliable prevention of spontaneous abortion is regular visits antenatal clinic For scheduled inspection and surrender of all necessary tests. This is the only way the expectant mother will be sure that everything is fine with her baby.
What an early miscarriage looks like: the main stages
The first stage of pathology, the signs of which we learned above, is very common among expectant mothers. In order to save the baby, expectant mothers are forced to remain in conservatory care almost all the way until prenatal contractions. The initial stage of the pathology is marked by uterine hypertonicity, bleeding and discomfort reminiscent of contractions.
The second stage of the disorder leads to more severe consequences. At this moment, all the signs already indicate a full-fledged miscarriage in the early stages: fragmentary detachment of the fertilized egg from the inner wall of the uterus begins. However, at this time, trouble can still be prevented, doctors say. This is possible thanks to the immediate and coordinated intervention of professionals, provided that the pregnant woman gets to the hospital in a timely manner.
The next stage of early spontaneous abortion is miscarriage on the fly. Now nothing can help the embryo. A pregnant woman is suddenly seized by sharp spasms, bleeding begins almost immediately - the most convincing sign of an early miscarriage. This indicates the final death of the fertilized egg, which comes out completely or partially (incomplete miscarriage). On the picture ovum for early miscarriage:
The pathology ends in complete spontaneous abortion. After an early miscarriage, the uterus contracts and quickly returns to its “pre-pregnancy” size. In this case, a complication is considered to be an incomplete abortion or a frozen pregnancy (diagnosed by ultrasound), when there is a high risk of pus formation or the onset of sepsis.
How to recognize an early miscarriage
At first glance, it is quite simple to determine a miscarriage, so some women believe that if they feel well after the incident, they can neglect a visit to the hospital. However, this is a dangerous misconception: all the signs of spontaneous abortion in the early stages are also characteristic of other, more serious diseases, which without proper diagnosis can be mistaken for a miscarriage:
- ectopic pregnancy;
- malignant formation in the cervix;
- bloodless torsion of an ovarian cyst;
- cervical injury.
These conditions can only be eliminated within the walls of a medical institution.
What to do if you have an early miscarriage
Unfortunately, doctors are not able to radically change the course of events at the very beginning of pregnancy - you can’t go against nature.
It is common practice to prescribe the drug Tranexam to stop bleeding. If a woman has had several failed pregnancies in the past, Utrozhestan will be prescribed. When, thanks to the efforts of doctors, pregnancy can be brought to the second trimester, in the event of a threatened miscarriage, it is worth putting sutures or a pessary if there is a short cervix with isthmic-cervical insufficiency. In principle, this is where the methods of combating pathology end.
Now let's list what will not help in the process of developing a miscarriage:
- bed rest - conscious reduction motor activity a mother cannot stop a miscarriage if there are real prerequisites for its occurrence;
- taking medications: No-shpa, Papaverine, Magne B6, Analgin.
A few weeks after a complete miscarriage, a woman needs to see a doctor and have her blood tested for hCG levels. If all indicators are normal, there is nothing to worry about. However, if the hormone level has not decreased at all or has decreased, but has not dropped to the required minimum, there is a possibility hydatidiform mole. This dangerous complication which requires immediate medical intervention.
An abortion in progress can be completed in several ways. If during the examination there is still blood coming from the vagina and the fertilized egg or embryo is still in the uterus, the doctor may determine the following course of action:
- a wait-and-see approach lasting up to 7 days (perhaps the body will reject what is unnecessary without outside intervention);
- medicinal approach (the woman is prescribed the drug Misoprostol, under the influence of which the uterine muscles strongly contract and remove the remnants of the fertilized egg out);
- surgical cleansing (if vaginal bleeding becomes massive).
How to prevent early miscarriage
To eliminate all possible factors that provoke early miscarriage, you need to have offspring under the professional guidance of a doctor. To do this, a woman undergoes a complete examination not during pregnancy, but at the stage of planning a child. This is the only way to ensure the absence of various “breakdowns” at the cellular level and internal pathologies. Moreover, future parents review and adjust their familiar image life in accordance with the upcoming changes: at this stage it is important to put an end to bad habits, establish a daily routine and diet.
Early miscarriage: how to understand where to move next
After such a crushing failure, the woman is recommended to undergo a rehabilitation course of treatment. If the cause of the incident could not be determined earlier, doctors will carry out the necessary diagnostics to determine it now. This is important, otherwise the woman risks facing the same problem the next time she prepares for motherhood.
The ultrasound procedure is a mandatory step after early miscarriage. If there are fragments of an egg or embryo in the uterus, a woman will need cleaning to avoid the development of inflammation or infection. After all the necessary procedures, the doctor will prescribe the patient a course of antibacterial therapy, which will exclude various infectious diseases, as well as a course of hormones that will put things in order endocrine system women.
Among other things, a failed mother is in dire need of professional psychological support. The loss of a baby, even such a tiny one, leaves an indelible imprint on a woman’s mind. It is important to experience this moment with the support of a psychologist or family.
It is wrong to isolate yourself from the outside world and remain alone with your misfortune, so negative emotions they will simply “eat up” all hope for the best. Psychologists recommend that women who have experienced a miscarriage not be ashamed of their feelings and not hold back aggression and tears - the faster they can get rid of them, the faster the recovery will come. And in no case should you be afraid of the future: modern medicine and competent doctors will do everything possible to ensure that the new pregnancy ends with the victorious cry of the long-awaited baby!