Project "Mysterious stones"
Integration educational areas: PR, HER, RR, SKR, FR.
Goal: expand and consolidate children’s knowledge about the properties of stones.
Tasks:
- Form in children elementary representations about the variety of stones, the ability to examine them and name their properties.
- Expand knowledge about what a stone is needed for and how a person uses the properties of a stone.
- Continue to learn how to reason and justify your point of view. Develop the ability to formulate conclusions.
- Develop cognitive activity children in the process of cognitive and experimental activities.
- Develop cooperation skills and the ability to work in pairs.
- Bring up careful attitude to natural resources.
Materials and equipment:
multimedia presentation, parcel box, large envelope, collection of stones, magnifying glass, glass of water, spoon, napkin, colored pencils (per child).
Organizing time
(Children sit in a semicircle in front of the table and screen.)
Educator: Guys, I suggest you guess the riddle:
It burns with fire in my mother’s earrings.
It lies useless in the dust on the road.
It changes shape, it changes color,
And in construction it is good for a thousand years.
It can be small - lie in the palm of your hand.
It’s heavy and big – you can’t lift it alone.
Who, children, guessed my riddle?
Who recognized this object by signs?
Children: stone.
Educator: Correct. Today I invite you to talk about stones.
Educator: Where can we see stones?
Children: on the street, in the mountains, in the sea, in the country...
Educator: Stones are very different. They are different in size, color, shape. In the old days, people believed that stones also differ magical properties: influence a person’s well-being, his mood, treat various diseases.
Look at the screen. What do you see? (slide No. 2) Mountains are huge blocks of stone. When pieces break off from them, small pebbles are obtained. But there are stones not only in the mountains, they are both underground and under water (slide No. 3). Sea stones very smooth. Why do you think?
(Children's guesses)
That's right, the water smoothes out all the unevenness with its waves. Underwater, the stones rub against each other, gradually becoming smooth. Rocks that have never been to sea have sharper edges (slide No. 4). In the mountains and underground people find gems, which are processed and inserted into jewelry (slide No. 5). - What else does a stone serve for a person?
(Children's guesses)
Houses, towers, bridges and roads, metro stations are built from stone (slides No. 6-9). Even monuments to great people are made of stone (slide number 10). Why do you think?
Children: the stone is very durable.
They also make very unusual monuments (slide number 11).
Educator: But in ancient times they used large stones as a sign on the road.
There's a knock on the door
(The teacher's assistant apologizes and gives the teacher the package).
Educator: I wonder who the package came from?! (Reads the sender's address "Institute of Geology" ) . Guys, what does this mean?
Children: make assumptions.
Educator: Geology is a science that studies the structure of the Earth and minerals. Including various stones. Let's see what's inside the package (opens the package and takes out a collection of stones.) Look, guys, what beautiful stones. And everyone is different. There is also a letter here (is reading) "Hello guys! We learned that you love to conduct various experiments. We have a lot of work to do. It is necessary to determine the properties of these stones and note them in research tables. Help us please. Geologists" . Well, guys, can we help? Then I invite you to our laboratory.
(Children go to tables with equipment. The teacher hands out stones and research sheets).
Educator: We will, like real scientists, study the properties of stones. Scientists often consult with each other and discuss their research. Therefore, you will work in pairs, agree on what to do, and help each other. But before we begin the study, we will warm up a little and relax.
Physical education minute "It's light fun"
It's easy fun -
Turns left and right.
We all know for a long time -
There is a wall, and there is a window. (Turns the body to the right and left.)
We squat quickly and deftly.
Skill is already visible here.
To develop muscles,
You have to do a lot of squats. (Squats.)
And now walking in place,
This is also interesting. (Walk in place.)
Educator: On each table there is everything you need. We will record the research results in a table.
First, let's look at the stone through a magnifying glass. What do you see? (cracks, crystals, colored patterns). Let's start recording the results of our observations. All stones differ in color. In the first line (the teacher shows on an enlarged version of the research sheet) fill in the blot with a pencil the same color as your stone.
Does the stone shine or not?
What does your stone feel like? Is it smooth or rough, smooth or with sharp corners? Stroke your stones with your fingers.
Now we will see whether our stone is transparent or not. Look at the light through your stone. What do you see? Does the stone allow light to pass through or not?
Take a look at our study sheet. What experiment do you think we will do now? That's right, we will determine whether a stone sinks in water or not.
Our stones are in the water. Do they dissolve or not? Try gently stirring the stone in the water with a spoon. Check the appropriate box.
Lesson summary:
Educator: Guys, we learned that different stones have different properties. Let's repeat them.
(The teacher and several children talk about the properties of their stone using marks on the research sheet).
Educator: You and I have fulfilled the scientists’ request. It's time to close our laboratory and send the results of our work to the Institute of Geology (Children put the research sheets in a large envelope and seal them).
Educator: Guys, I propose to continue working with stones. Let's make a panel of stones in our free time. Do you agree? What would you like to portray?
(Children's answers)
Research
"Journey to the World of Stone"
Completed by a student
1st "b" class
MBOU "Polevobikshikskaya secondary school"
Markidanova Diana
Scientific director
Pavlova G.R.
2009
Journey into the world of stone
Introduction. Often, when I come home from a walk, there are a lot of different stones in my pockets. They can be found anywhere: on the streets of the city, on the banks of a river, lake, in a stream, and even in your grandmother’s garden. And I wondered where they come from? They are so different from each other, but we call them all with one word - stone. But, probably, each of them has its own name? We definitely need to figure this out.Goal and tasks:
Study the stones that surround us.
Find out as much as possible about the stones (what they are, their names, stories associated with the stones, how they appeared on Earth).
Are there edible stones?
Get acquainted with some properties of the stone; establish the simplest connections, draw conclusions;
Collect a collection of stones.
Begin to write a description of the rocks and minerals in the collection.
Research methodology.
Review literature on this topic;
Excursions in the surrounding area and beyond;
Collecting a collection of stones (stone in nature, in construction, at home, at school);
Drawing up a description of the collection;
Photographing interesting objects;
Creation of an author's presentation.
A journey into the world of stone is very exciting activity. Studying stones, you definitely go into the distant past of our planet and the area where I live. There are countless varieties on Earth different stones: beautiful and not so beautiful, different colors and forms. Beauty! I admire the stones and think: after all, each of them contains some kind of secret and a hundred mysteries. And not all of them have probably been revealed and solved. And how much these stones have seen in their lifetime! So I wanted to know what secrets they conceal. How many are there, how do they differ from each other, are there edible stones, the history of their appearance on Earth, and what benefits do stones bring to people?
I tried to find answers to these and other questions in my work.
Main part
Stone
If you carefully examine a pebble, you will notice that it is often multi-colored - either striped, due to piercing veins, or spotted, or with streaks irregular shape. This happens because the pebble is made up of different minerals. Minerals differ in color, hardness, weight and composition. The inanimate world around us consists of them, like bricks - beautiful “ornamental” precious stones (jade, agate, turquoise, garnet, diamond, sapphire) - these are also minerals and semi-precious stones.
1.2. The history of the stone.
Where does the history of the stone begin? Academician A.E. Fersman said that the history of stone begins with the most distant eras of human existence. Didn’t stone exist on Earth before the advent of man? Existed. And geology confirms this. The stone is as old as our Earth. It is an integral part of the Earth and especially its upper part - the earth's crust. Stone is inseparable from the Earth and participates in its geological history.
Minerals appeared on the very early stage development of the Earth as a planet. They are the very first witnesses of the geological history of the Earth. As G. H. Andersen wrote, the novel of the Earth is more interesting than all novels: you have to read through the layers, silicon layers of various earthly periods.
All rocks Depending on the conditions of education, they are divided into three groups: primary (igneous), secondary (sedimentary) and modified (transformed or metamorphic).
Rocks form the relief of the earth's surface. The stone witnesses changes in the earth's surface under the influence of not only external forces of nature, but also other internal forces hidden in the depths of the Earth and manifested at times in the form of volcanic eruptions and destructive earthquakes. For millions and billions of years, the stone lay on the surface of the Earth motionless and forever, forming against the background of the natural landscape of the most ancient eras of the Earth, as it were, “permanent local objects” appearing on the screen of a modern radar. In those days, the stone did not have its own history, or rather, it had, but it was very monotonous.Only with the advent of man, who began to dig it out of the ground and use it for his own needs, did it begin new story stone It was associated with its extraction, processing, use and, in some cases, even destruction. The stone seemed to go through the stages of birth, life and destruction...
Each stone has its own special properties, its own name, its own composition, and appearance. A stone in a rock is like a person in a crowd: it has its own face, character, clothes.
1.3. A variety of stones.
Stone one of the most durable building materials, it must be said that durability primarily depends on the type of stone. Today, about 3,500 types of stones are known, but only a few dozen are common on the surface of the earth.
Natural stone- natural construction material.
Natural stone name all rocks used in construction. These include marble, granite, tuff, slate, sandstone, Andlimestone And onyx.
Natural stone is one of the oldest materials used by people for building houses or cladding facades. With beauty, strength and durability natural stone is a decoration for palaces, temples, estates or ordinary houses. In the interior, natural stone can be used in different variations.
More often natural stones used for cladding buildings, both inside and outside. For interior cladding, special marble or granite wallpaper is used. The combination of mosaic designs and patterned structures gives beauty and richness to the appearance.
Facade cladding with natural stone is also very popular. Firstly, it has an attractive appearance, and secondly, it is a very environmentally friendly and at the same time very durable material. Natural stone is also wear-resistant, frost-resistant and almost does not absorb moisture. The disadvantage of this material is its relative high cost.
Preciousand semi-preciousstones - minerals, which have a beautiful appearance (as a rule, only after polishing or cutting) and at the same time are quite rare, and as a result, expensive. They are widely used for production jewelry, collected in collectioniyah, used as banking assets. Imitations of most precious stones, difficult to distinguish by appearance, are made artificially; imitations or counterfeits of many precious stones were made back in the days of Ancient Rome (these days such synthetic stones and imitation gems are very popular, as they are much cheaper). In 1902, the French chemist M.A. Verneuil first obtained and began supplying synthetic compounds to the world market. rubies, and a little later synthetic sapphires and synthetic spinel. Appearance large quantity synthetic stones did not reduce, but, on the contrary, increased the value and cost of natural, natural gems. Less rare minerals often called semi-precious.
The section deals with the study of precious stones as minerals and the search for ways to accurately distinguish them from synthetic counterfeits. mineralogy, called gemmology.
With the development of human society and the exploration of nature, more and more new beneficial features stone, its use expanded and its history became more complicated. That's why modern life unthinkable without stone.
1.4.Stones around us.
Halite.
We actually deal with many minerals in Everyday life. And literally every day - with the most vital, irreplaceable mineral No. 1 - ordinary table (rock) salt, halite. The common salt we eat is a mineral that geologists call halite. Salt is not only dissolved in sea water. It is also found in the mountains in the form of crystals. This rock salt is called halite. This is the only mineral that can be eaten. The name comes from the Greek "gallos" - sea salt. In color it is predominantly white, sometimes colorless. Sometimes, due to impurities of other minerals, it acquires an intense blue or red color.
Coal.
I found this stone in my grandmother's yard. It turned out to be a heat stone.
This combustible stone heats up in the fire, fills with a red flame, hot, like fire, and burns itself.
For a long time, the heat-stone in home It saved heat for a person in cold weather. With his combustible power, he learned to move cars. People have learned to convert the fiery warmth of the firestone into electricity. Heat-stone, light-stone, but modest in appearance dark stone, you can never say that there is so much warmth and light hidden in it. Of course - coal.
2.3. Comparative analysis minerals and rocks.
|
|
COAL |
CHALK |
CLAY |
SALT |
GRANITE |
|
By color |
black |
white |
Brown, gray, blue, black |
White with shine |
Multi-colored – red, gray |
|
By appearance, properties |
Homogeneous, solid |
Uniform, soft, loose, writes well on the board |
Becomes soft in water, becomes hard when dried |
Forms crystals, breaks easily, and dissolves in water |
Consists of grains different types and colors: light quartz, dark mica, colored feldspar, very hard and strong |
|
Where to use |
In the manufacture of plastic toys, medicines, varnishes and paints, in the production of heat and energy. |
At school, in construction |
In medicine, cosmetology, tableware manufacturing, construction |
In everyday life for cooking |
In construction |
2.2. Identification of the properties of stones.
Looking at stones. Conclusion: stones vary in color and shape.
Looking at stones different sizes.
Conclusion:
1. Is the surface of the stones the same or different? Finding the smoothest stone and the roughest to the touch.
Conclusion: the stone can be smooth or rough.
2.Looking at stones through a magnifying glass.
To see the surface of the stones even better, we will use magnifying glasses.
Conclusion
Holding the stones in your palms, we determine the heaviest and lightest stone.
Conclusion:
Experiment No. 5: Determination of temperature.
The stones are cold .
Conclusion:
Experiment No. 6. Density.
We take a stone in one hand, a sponge in the other and squeeze it tightly. The sponge shrinks, but the stone does not.
Conclusion: The stones are hard and dense.
Experiment No. 7. Buoyancy.
Take a jar of water and carefully place one stone in the water. We are watching.
Conclusion:
Conclusion.
After doing my research, I found that:
About 3,500 types of minerals are known;
The process of mineral formation occurs deep within the Earth;
Based on the data I received, we can conclude that our life without minerals would be much more difficult, the world of minerals has not been fully explored and is fraught with many mysteries, right under your feet you can find both minerals known to science and discover new ones.
I am very interested in minerals and stones and will continue to collect a collection of minerals.
List of used literature:
Large series of knowledge. Planet Earth. – M.: Book World LLC, 2004.
Klenov A.S. For kids about minerals. - M.: “Pedagogy-Press”, 1996.
Carol Varley, Lisa Miles. World Geography. Encyclopedia. – M.: “ROSMAN”, 1997.
I explore the world: Children's encyclopedia: Geography / Author-comp. V.A. Markin. – M.: LLC Publishing House AST-LTD, 1997.
Planet Earth. Encyclopedia. – M.: Publishing house “ROSMEN”, 1997.
Riley P., Oliver K. Earth and Oceans. – ZAO Publishing House ROSMEN-PRESS, 2005.
Minerals. Treasures of the Earth. – De Agostini LLC, 2009.
Children's Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius. Multimedia encyclopedia. – Cyril and Methodius LLC, 2007.
Internet.
Goal and tasks.
Research methodology.
The relevance of research.
Main part.
1.2. History of the stone.
1.3. Variety of stones.
1.4.Stones around us.
2. Practical part.
2.1.Beginning of the collection.
2.2.Identification of the properties of stones.
2.3. Comparative analysis of minerals and rocks.
Conclusion.
List of used literature.
Where can
see
stones
Rocks in the aquarium
Stones on the ground
Stones on the river, by the sea
How does a person use stones?
Report to defend the work
The topic of my research work is “Journey to the world of stones.” I chose this topic because I have always liked stones. I was very interested in why all the stones are different and not similar to each other? Where do stones even come from? What properties do they have? Are there edible stones?
I assumed that some kind of volcano was throwing stones out while I was sleeping. Or some force pushes them out of the ground.
Purpose of my research – find out the answers to your questions.
Objectives of my work :
study literature about stones;
find out how rocks were formed on Earth;
how many different stones are there;
establish where stones can be found for the collection;
conduct experiments with stones to identify the properties of stones.
Used following methods research:
1. study of literature,
2. access to the computer,
3.observation,
4.study of samples from the collection.
^ Study plan was like this:
Study the origin of stones, identify the properties of stones with the help of experiments and experiments, their use in human everyday life.
Find out how you can replenish your mineral collection.
Stone This natural material and rock used in many industries, including construction.
Where does the history of the stone begin?
According to scientists, the stones are as old as our planet. Stone is an integral part of the earth and it is inseparable from the Earth.
Each stone has its own special properties, its own name, its own composition, and appearance. Today, about 3,500 types of stones are known.
Natural stone- natural building material. People use it for cladding buildings both inside and outside.
Preciousand semi-preciousstones They have a beautiful appearance, they are quite rare and expensive. They are used for production jewelry, collected in collections, used as banking assets.
We deal with many minerals in everyday life. And literally every day.
Mineral No. 1- ordinary kitchen (stone)salt, halite White. Used in everyday life for cooking.
Mineral No. 2. Chalk. Uniform, soft, loose, writes well on the board.
Mineral No. 3. Coal. Black in color, homogeneous, hard. Used in the manufacture of plastic toys, medicines, varnishes and paints, in the production of heat and energy.
I also collected 20 types of stones from the magazine series “Energy of Stones”. They are so beautiful, look. Now I want to show you what properties have these stones.
Experiment No. 1. Determination of color and shape.
Conclusion: stones vary in color and shape.
Experiment No. 2. Determining the size.
Conclusion: stones come in different sizes.
Experiment No. 3. Determination of the nature of the surface.
Conclusion: the stone can be smooth or rough.
Conclusion: the surface of the stone has different drawings: Specks, paths, depressions, dimples, patterns, etc.
Experiment No. 4. Determining the weight of a stone.
Conclusion: Stones vary in weight: light, heavy.
Experiment No. 5. Determination of temperature.
The stones are cold . We place them on our palms, inhale through our nose, and exhale through our mouth.
Conclusion: The stones are cold, but they heat up quickly.
Experiment No. 6. Determination of density (determined using a sponge)
Conclusion: The stones are hard and dense.
Experiment No. 7. Determination of buoyancy.
Conclusion: stones sink in water because they are heavy and dense.
Having done my research, I have established that :
The inanimate world around us consists of stones, like bricks;
- about 3500 types of stones are known;
- the process of stone formation occurs deep in the bowels of the Earth;
- the only mineral that can be eaten is halite, or table salt;
- minerals are widely used in construction and industry;
- You can look for minerals for your collection everywhere!
Based on the data I received, we can conclude that our life without stones would be much more difficult, the world of stones has not been fully explored and is fraught with many mysteries; right under our feet you can find both minerals known to science and discover new ones.
I'm very interested in stones. I will continue to collect stones.
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Kalinin secondary school"
Stones. Unusual in the ordinary.
Completed by: Kolesnikov Semyon,
2nd grade student of MBOU "Kalininskaya Secondary School"
Head: Goncharenko L.M.
2013
Content
I. Introduction
II. Main part. My research on the topic “Stone. Unusual in the ordinary"
1. Questionnaire
2. How did stones appear on Earth?
3. Stories of stones
IV. Practical part. My collection “World of Stone”
V. Conclusions
VI. Bibliography
Choosing a research topic. I often bring home different stones from a walk. They can be found anywhere: on the streets of our village, on the banks of the Tasheba River, even in the garden. They are not similar to each other in shape, color, size, some are beautiful, others not so much, but they are all called in one word - stone. I look at them and think - probably each of them has its own name, its own story of appearance on Earth.
I wanted to know:
Where do stones come from? How many are there on Earth?
What are their names?Why are stones needed?
I tried to find answers to these and other questions in my work.
Purpose of the study. Find out the history of the appearance of stones on Earth, their properties and significance in human life.
Research objectives.
Find and study literature on this topic.
Find out what your classmates know about this topic.
Find out as much as possible about stones (what they are, names, stories associated with stones, how they appeared on Earth, what benefits they bring to people).
Collect a collection of stones that people use.
Research hypothesis. I can propose:1) stones surrounding a person may have unusual properties; 2) a person can use various properties stones for your own benefit.
Research methods:
analysis of scientific literature;
survey;
observation;
comparison,
generalization.
Research results
To find answers to the questions posed, I asked my parents, read books on this issue, worked on the Internet. Here are the results of my research.
Questionnaire
I conducted a survey among my classmates. It was attended by
19 people. Age - 8 years.
Questions
Answered "yes"
Answered "no"
Have you collected stones?
If you collected it, then why?
13 people (answers: “for the collection”, “interesting”, “they are beautiful”, “for playing”, “for the aquarium”, “just because”)
6 people
Do you know the names of the stones? Write down the names.
17 people (most named 1-2 stones)
2 people
Do you know how stones appeared on Earth?
9 people
10 people
How does a person use stones?
11 people (answers: “in construction”, “for crafts”, “they make beads, bracelets”)
8 people
Do you want to know more about stones?
16 people
3 people
Conclusions: the guys know little about the world of stones, they want to learn more.
What is "stone"?
Man has been friends with stone for tens of thousands of years.The very first tools of ancient man were made of stone. Archaeologists still find stone knives, axes, needles, and spears in ancient burials. Therefore one of the periods ancient history called the Stone Age.
In dictionaryI found the meaning of the word "stone".
“Stone is a solid rock in pieces or a solid mass, as well as a separate piece, a fragment of such rock.”
There are more than 8,000 types of natural stones in the world.
How did stones appear on Earth?
Stones differ in color, appearance and properties because they were “born” in different conditions.
There are rocks that were “born” from magma - molten substance from the depths of the Earth. Magma could endurelava flows during volcanic eruptionsor it froze at some depth, not reaching the earth's surface. These are igneous rocks. This is how granite and basalt were formed.
Sedimentary rocks were “born” from fragments of other rocks. They were processed and brought by water. For example, sandstone, rock salt.
Rocks could be “born” from the remains of ancient plants and animals. This is how limestones were formed.
Stories of stones.
First stone: coal.
I found this stone in our yard. It is black in color, shiny, rough to the touch, hard, durable. The stone has one remarkable property - it becomes heated in a fire, fills with a red flame, hot, like a fire, and burns itself. This is coal.
Where did he come from?
It all started many millions of years ago, when the Earth was a kingdom of forests and swamps. Stepping on the forests, the swamp water flooded the entire ground around the giant trees, washed away their roots, the trees died and fell into the muddy swamp slurry. Behind for a long time a thick layer of compacted plants accumulated underground. The remains of the trees rotted and turned into a brown mass - peat. Compressed by layers of earth, the peat gradually hardened, turned to stone and turned into stone - brown coal. And if brown coal underground was very strongly compressed, it gradually turned into black coal, and then into anthracite. This is the best type of coal. It burns with almost no smoke and produces a lot of heat.
When burned, coal produces a lot of heat. That's why man uses it as fuel.
In addition to heat and energy, coal has given us many other gifts: plastic toys, medicinal and aromatic substances, car tires, fishing nets, paints and varnishes.
On the map “Mineral Resources of Khakassia” there are black squares - these are symbols of coal deposits.
Not far from our village Kalinino is the city of Chernogorsk. It is called the city of coal miners. Chernogorsk got its name from the Black Mountain; it is a real coal storehouse. Coal reserves in the Chernogorsk deposit amount to hundreds of millions of tons. This coal will last for decades to come. And the reserves of the Beyskoye field are about one billion tons. In Khakassia there are also Izykhskoye and Askizskoye coal deposits.
Second stone: limestone.
I saw this stone at home when my parents were preparing for whitewashing. If you boil it, you get lime. And the stone itself is called limestone. Limestone is a white or whitish-gray stone and leaves white marks on the hands.
It is usually mined in quarries or open pits. People who mine limestone in a quarry work as if at the bottom of the sea. Of course, now there is no sea in this place, but it was many millions of years ago (then the continents, oceans and seas were located differently than they are now). Marine organisms died and sank to the bottom. From their skeletons and shells, layers of limestone gradually formed.
When large, even limestone stones are needed, they are cut out in a quarry with special saws. If small, uneven stones are needed, they are mined using an excavator.
This is a very useful resource. No construction project is complete without limestone. It is spent on the production of cement, which is needed to hold together building parts: bricks, slabs, blocks. Lime is obtained from limestone, which is used to whitewash walls and ceilings. Lime is also included in plaster. It is even included in glass.
Our republic has its own limestone deposits (they are indicated on the map by a white square with diagonals).The best of them are located in our Ust-Abakansky district (these are the Uybatskoye and Ulenskoye deposits) and in the Bogradsky district (Loshchinskoye deposit).
Third stone: marble.
And this one is snow-white beautiful stone brought to school by my classmate. This is marble. The teacher said that marble is also limestone. If limestone sinks to great depths (for example, during an earthquake, volcanic eruption), then under the influence high temperatures and enormous pressure it turns into beautiful marble.
Marble is very durable and hard. He surprises us different colors and drawing. Marble polishes well. Polished, it becomes smooth and incredibly beautiful. Therefore, marble is used for cladding walls and columns in palaces and metro stations.
Khakassia has its own large reserves of marble ( symbol on the map there is a rhombus with one diagonal). This is the Kibik-Kordonskoye field not far from the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station, it isone of the oldest marble deposits in Russia. Marble from this deposit was used for cladding metro stations in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
Limestone has another “relative” with which every schoolchild is familiar. We write and draw with them on the board and asphalt. Thischalk. It, of course, bears little resemblance to stone: it is less durable, easily breaks into pieces, and crumbles. But at the same time, chalk is our indispensable assistant at school.
Practical part . My collection "World of Stone".
With the help of my parents, I collected a collection of decorative and ornamental stones, which I called “The World of Stone.” I prepared a report about my collection, a slide presentation and spoke to my classmates, as well as at a school scientific and practical conference for primary school students.
Message
Name:
Nomination: Kindergarten, lesson notes, GCD, experimental activities, preparatory group
Position: teacher of the highest qualification category
Place of work: MKDOU No. 84
Location: Kirov city, Kirov region
Educational project “World of Stones”
Implementation plan
| Work with children | Conversion subject environment | Working with parents |
| Stage 1. Preliminary work | ||
|
|
|
| Stage 2. Practical part. | ||
| 1. Cognitive - speech activity: Reading fiction; Examination of illustrations; Solving riddles; Memorizing Kudryavtseva’s poem “Diamond Mountain”; Writing stories using stones; Introduction to precious stones; Conversation with children about the profession of geologist; Book talk:
2) Productive activity: Making drawings on the topic; Performing experiments; Growing salt crystals; Making buildings from stones. 3)Game activity: Didactic games “Minerals”; Plot - role-playing games; — A game to enrich the vocabulary: “Remember the fairy tale”, “Give me a word”, etc. | 1) Making a collection of stones: “What different stones”; 2) Design of an information block on the topic “Stones in our lives.” | 1) Conversation with parents “Stones in our lives.” 2)Meeting with the dad of Kirill and Ksyusha Toporkov. Toporkov Yu.I.'s story about the use of stones in his work. |
| Stage 3. The result of project activities. | ||
| 1)Book creative works“The World of Stones” (the work of children and the teacher of the preparatory group “Fantasers” | 1) Lesson for parents on the topic “The World of Stones.” |
Project goal: research activities on the study of stones.
Lesson on search and research activities
"World of Stones"
Tasks:
Cognitive aspect:
— generalize and systematize knowledge about stones; physical and chemical properties;
- introduce the oversaturation of salt and sugar;
— develop the ability to identify main and secondary ideas when conducting independent educational research;
— learn to reflect information received through various sensory channels (vision, hearing, taste, etc.) pictographically (drawing);
Developmental aspect:
- develop logical thinking; the ability to draw conclusions based on research results;
- develop the ability to present your message (report) briefly and accurately;
- activate words and expressions in children’s speech: magnifying glass, crystal, lemon acid, reproduction, evaporation, laboratory, experiments, dissolution in water, researchers;
- develop fine motor skills;
- develop children's creative abilities;
Educational aspect:
- to develop in children perseverance and perseverance in achieving their goals;
- cultivate accuracy;
— culture of communication;
Methods:
— gaming – game “scientific conference”
- verbal - questions and answers, story, explanations, explanations, reasoning.
- practical - conducting experiments, designing a book, sketching.
- visual - looking at pictograms, observing experiments.
Preliminary work:
Conducting and sketching experiments.
Reading fiction " Silver hoof", " Three piglets",
“What are the pebbles whispering about?”, etc.
Games to enrich the vocabulary: “Remember the fairy tale”, “Give me a word”, “It happens or not”, d/i “Minerals”.
Conversation with children about the profession of geologist.
A conversation about the origin of stones.
— reading A. Chlenov’s book “Geology in Pictures.”
Progress of the lesson:
Educator:
- Good morning! I am glad to welcome everyone to research laboratory preparatory group"Dreamers". I am a senior researcher, and these are my junior researchers:
Presentation of the guys.
Today each of them will make a presentation on the topic “The World of Stones”.
The children take their places.
Reading of Kudryavtseva’s poem “Diamond Mountain”
Pants and socks got wet
Eaten by midges...
But I won't leave the river,
Probably until the morning.
I just came here like that
I've been coming for seven years
And suddenly I found pebbles
What they emit light!
One is like mother's eyes,
Transparent - blue;
Like a grapevine
Green is different.
And the third sun is brighter,
What if this is a diamond?!
I'll take it to the museum
We have him in our group.
Also an interesting summary on experimental activities:
*Guys, how many different stones did you and I find during walks when you traveled with your parents, and we ended up with a whole collection of stones. Now we will tell each other and our guests everything we know about stones, and we will collect all our sketches of experiments and publish a group book “The World of Stones”.
*On the first question, Kirill will give a message: “Where do stones come from?” (message).
Get younger. The first page of the book is ready.
*All stones are different. Our employee Maria examined a lot of stones and will now introduce us to the results of her work.
I examined a lot of stones, here are the conclusions that can be drawn about the work done (speech).
Well done. Page 2 of our book is ready.
*Nadezhda will give us a message: “What are the values of stones?”
Thank you.
*When you and I go out for a walk, the sun warms our cheeks, we feel warm, when there is no sun and the wind blows, we feel cold. I wonder if stones can sense heat and cold. Alexandra will tell us about this (speech).
*Each of you has a family, mom, dad, but can stones have children? Therefore, Victoria will make a message to the question (message).
Thank you.
*From our research assistant, I heard that some stones can hiss.
Now Evgenia will report on this (speech).
Thank you.
*Our researcher Roman will make a report on whether stones can make sounds (message).
Thank you.
Guys, tell me, can stones dissolve in water?
Experimental activity in the laboratory.
Take stones, add water and stir. What is the result of the experiment? Children's answers.
There is salt and sugar on your plates. Take a magnifying glass and look at what salt and sugar are made of.
Children's answers.
Salt and sugar are made up of crystals. Now you and I will receive these crystals.
Pour salt and sugar crystals with water. They dissolve well, but there comes a time when water can no longer cope with the crystals, they no longer dissolve in water and if you leave them for several days, the water will evaporate and crystals of salt and sugar will form again. Having done this experiment, we can conclude that some stones, in particular salt and sugar, dissolve.
*Now let’s summarize our work.
*We listened to many interesting messages, looked at sketches of experiments, and as a result we came up with a research book, “The World of Stones.” The book will be in our group, and we will be happy to share our knowledge with children from other groups.
*Work in our laboratory has ended, I thank everyone for their work.
Self-published book.
1 page
"Where do stones come from?"
Rocks heat up from the sun and cool down at night; they either expand or contract.
Gradually, cracks appear in the rocks.
Water gets into the cracks and freezes in winter.
As a result, individual pieces break off and fall to the ground.
2 page
Algorithm for studying stones
If we look at the stones, we see that they are of different colors:
Red, white, brown, etc.
Let's compare by size: stones can be large and small, heavy and light.
The shapes of the stones differ from each other; they are round, oval, etc.
If we smell a stone, we will not notice any odor.
If we bring a stone to our ear, we will not hear anything.
You cannot put stones in your mouth, as they are not edible.
If we touch stones, they can be both hard and soft, and if we stroke them, we can feel that the stones are smooth, rough, etc.
What conclusion can be drawn: “You cannot find two absolutely similar friends on each other with stones."
3 page
All stones are divided into several groups:
- precious - diamonds, gold, pearls, etc.
- semi-precious - rhinestone, turquoise, amber, etc.
And waste rock, as geologists call them.
Made from gold women's jewelry, parts for complex instruments and machines.
From semi-precious stones They also make women's jewelry, souvenirs and small sculptures.
Waste rock is used in everyday life.
For example, gravel is used in the repair and construction of new roads.
4 page
Stones cannot feel heat and cold, they are not alive, but during the day the sun heats up the stones, and if we touch the stone on a sunny day, we will feel the heat, but at night the stone is cold - it has cooled down.
The same thing will happen if the stone is placed in hot and cold water.
In hot water the stone heats up, in cold water it cools down.
5 page
Rocks are not living things. These are inert (lifeless) creatures.
Stones can transform into other materials and break, but cannot reproduce.
6 page
If you take a piece of chalk and drop lemon juice on it, what will happen?
The stone will start to hiss and get angry, it doesn’t like lemon juice.
This means we can conclude that stones can hiss.
7 page
If we bring a stone to our ear, we will not hear anything, but if we throw a stone and it hits something hard, we will hear a sound.
In the mountains, you sometimes hear a noise when stones begin to fall, and this phenomenon is called a rockfall.
8 page
Experiments with water.
If you take a basin and throw a heavy stone into it, splashes will fly from the water, circles will go through the water, and the stone will end up at the bottom.
All stones are heavier than water: large and small, heavy and light, they all sink in water. And if water gets on the stone, the stone changes color: it darkens.
Project type: short-term group research project with a given result and elements of creativity for children 5-6 years old.
Project duration: 2 months.
Project participants: children speech therapy group, parents of pupils, teachers.
Educational area: Cognitive development.
Relevance of the problem.
In preschool childhood, the foundations of a person’s personal culture are laid, and children become acquainted with the world around them. The child learns the world, learns to navigate the phenomena of the surrounding nature, objects created by human hands. In order to form a holistic understanding of the environment in children, it is necessary to pay more attention to a comprehensive study of nature.
Do we always carefully look under our feet, not only so as not to stumble and fall, but also in order to find, lift and examine one of the wonders of nature - a stone? Introducing children to stones helps broaden their horizons; the ability to identify the materials from which objects are made, establish connections between the properties and characteristics of various materials, determine the origin of man-made objects, people’s professions; the ability to examine objects using a system of sensory standards and perceptual actions, to group objects in accordance with the cognitive task.
Objective of the project: creating conditions for the development of cognitive and creativity pupils in the process of implementation educational project"Stones are interesting."
Project objectives:
- to form preparatory skills in children preschool age basic understanding of the variety of stones, the ability to examine them and name their properties;
- develop the ability to identify the features of different stones, describe them, compare them with other objects;
- introduce children to the role of stones in human life, some stones that people have used for their purposes since ancient times;
- cultivate a caring, conscious attitude towards inanimate nature;
- develop emotional responsiveness, curiosity, interest in a variety of natural resources, ecological culture preschoolers;
- promote individual self-expression and creative abilities of children in the process of productive creative activity;
- contribute to the formation of search skills, research activities, development of intellectual initiative, ability to determine possible methods solving the problem with the help of an adult, and then independently.
Expected result:
- children can name the properties of stones;
- preschoolers have an idea of some features appearance stones;
- the guys know about the benefits of stones in nature and human life;
- children can find similarities and differences between stones;
- preschoolers make up descriptive story about stones based on illustrative material;
- design of the thematic album “World of Stones”;
- creating a collection of stones.
Preliminary work:
- search work to select illustrative material on the topic “Stones are interesting”;
- examination of objects made of stone (jewelry, vases, writing instruments, small sculptures, etc.);
- acquaintance with literary works: Brothers Grimm “White and Rosette”, “Why”: What are underground riches? What were the pebbles whispering about? P. Bazhov “Malachite Box”, “Silver Hoof”, “Mistress” Copper Mountain»;
- learning proverbs and sayings about stone, playing finger gymnastics“How I took the pebble”;
- watching cartoons “Malachite Box”, “Stone Flower”, “Plasticine Story”;
- drawing products, objects made of stone.
Collaboration with family:
- compiling a thematic album “The World of Stones”;
- creative idea DIY “Pebble Transformation”;
- design together with parents in the “Stone Collections” group;
- selection of fiction and cartoons.
Final event: exhibition of drawings based on the work of P. Bazhov: “Malachite Box”.
Project activity product: a story about stones using illustrations and the thematic album “World of Stones”, design in the group “Collections of Stones”, a creative idea with your own hands “Transformation of a Pebble”, an exhibition of drawings based on the works of P. Bazhov.
Project implementation plan:
Activities |
results |
Registration form |
|
1. Conversations “Where do stones come from?”, “Stones in nature”, “Stones. How does a person use stones? |
Formation of children's ideas about stones: their purpose in nature and human use. |
Lesson notes "Stones". |
|
2. Exhibition of children's creative works based on the works of P. Bazhov |
Creative product visual arts |
Exhibition of children's creative works. |
|
3. Creative workshop “Turning a Pebble” |
Creation artistic images based on natural forms |
Exhibition of creative works. |
|
4. Cooperative activity children and parents - a selection of information and design of pages for compiling the album “The World of Stone”. |
Promoting cooperation between children and adults |
Page design for the album “World of Stone” |
Lesson “Visiting the Mistress of the Copper Mountain”
Target: introducing children to the diversity of the world of stones.
Tasks:
- to clarify children’s ideas about stone and its properties (the stone is hard and does not crumble; stones are varied in color, shape, size);
- introduce people to ways of using stone (in construction, sculpture, making jewelry);
- expand ideas about the professions of people working with stone;
- introduce children to where and how stone is mined, what tools are used to process it;
- develop colloquial speech children, expand active dictionary;
- cultivate an interest in observations, a desire to do simple experiments;
- learn to draw conclusions independently, build conclusions;
- encourage children to express themselves in drawing, develop imagination and creative imagination;
- cultivate a caring attitude towards nature.
Preliminary work: reading tales by P.P. Bazhov “Malachite Box”, “Stone Flower”, “Mining Master”, “Mistress of the Copper Mountain”.
Preparing for the lesson.
Materials for experiments:
4 transparent vessels with water, wooden sticks;
- 4 trays, on which there are stones of different colors, shapes and sizes; pieces of foam plastic, plasticine, dry clay, wood, chalk, soap, sugar;
- wooden block, stone, hammer, 2 nails.
Illustrative material. Photographs of small sculptures depicting people and animals; architectural structures; Moscow metro stations; Japanese garden stones; photographs of mountains; stone deposits; photographs or illustrations depicting stone processing tools.
Exhibition of stone products: mineral collection, jewelry, small sculptures, boxes, watches, paintings, dishes, chess.
On a separate drawing table: oilcloths, A3 and A4 paper, colored pencils, sanguine, charcoal, watercolor, gouache, brushes of different sizes, cups of water, rags, palette.
Progress of the lesson:
Educator. Guys, we recently read Pavel Petrovich Bazhov’s tale “The Malachite Box”. And today the Mistress of the Copper Mountain herself came to visit us.
An adult dressed as the Mistress of the Copper Mountain enters.
Mistress of Copper Mountain. Hello! I found out what's in it kindergarten children know a lot about nature, love it, take care of it, and are well versed in my world - the world of stones. Somehow I can’t believe that you know so well what a stone is; what properties does it have?
Educator. Yes, our guys know all this very well. Yes, Mistress, don’t doubt it, but check it out better!
The hostess of the Copper Mountain invites the children to divide into 4 teams and go to the tables on which there are vessels with water and sticks; distributes a tray of items to each team.
Mistress of Copper Mountain. Now, guys, take one object from the tray, examine it, feel it, smell it, weigh it in your hand (heavy or light object) and try to determine what it is. And water will help you with this: put your item in the water and stir it wooden stick. See if it sinks or floats on the surface, dissolves, crumbles, colors the water, etc. Conclude whether all objects are stones.
The children conduct the experiment, and the Mistress of the Copper Mountain observes the children’s actions, helps with advice, and asks questions. In conclusion, he asks what kind of objects were on their trays; helps children clarify their properties. With its help, children draw a conclusion: stones are varied in shape, size, color; They are solid, do not crumble, do not dissolve in water, and are heavy - so they sink in water.
Mistress of Copper Mountain. Yes, indeed, you were all able to identify stones among a large number of different objects. They are actually very hard. Do you want to see how much harder stone is than wood?
The Mistress of the Copper Mountain takes the block and hammers a nail into it.
Mistress of Copper Mountain. Look, although the wood is hard, I can easily hammer a nail into it. Now I’ll try to hammer a nail into this stone. Do you think I can do it? (scores). What happened? The nail is metal, hard, but it bent when it hit the stone.
Guys, we are convinced that the stone is very hard and durable. How do you think people use this property of the stone in their lives? (They build buildings, fortresses, roads). For example, Moscow used to be built of stone (Moscow White Stone). People also make sculptures out of stone. The sculpture sometimes depicts a person, sometimes animals (show illustrations).
- Why do people create sculpture? The sculpture, like other ancient stone structures, helps us travel through time, allowing us to look into the past. They are so durable that they last for centuries, thanks to which we see and know how people lived many centuries ago: what buildings they lived in, what they looked like, what kind of clothes they had, hairstyles.
- And if you and I go down to the subway, what will we see? Moscow metro stations are decorated with stone: arches, vaults, floors and columns, sculptures, mosaics. The Moscow metro is the most beautiful in the world.
- And in Japan, landscape designers create beautiful compositions - Rock Gardens (showing photographs). There are stones in them different shapes, sizes, colors. They are located in gardens and lawns. Why do you think the Japanese create such gardens? They believe that in the Rock Garden you can relax, rest, reflect, think, and fantasize. After all, the garden looks different all the time - in the morning, afternoon or evening, in sunny and cloudy weather.
- The stones are very diverse. They are not only hard and durable, but also very beautiful. I invite you guys to an exhibition of stone products, see what people make from this material. To create such beautiful things, a lot of people have to work hard. A stone is born in the bowels of the earth; Mountains store enormous wealth - this is a real treasury of the planet. In Russia these are the Ural Mountains (photos shown). Stones are mined from special deposits, and now special equipment is used for this.
People work with stone different professions, let's call them together: geologists, sculptors, landscape designers, builders, jewelers, stone cutters, lapidaries. There are even such doctors - naturopaths - they also work with stone. Using gemstones of different colors they cure many diseases.
Many poets and writers sang the beauty of the stone. Who can name such authors? And how many proverbs and sayings about stone:
- What do you think the proverb “Water wears away stones” means?
- What kind of person do they say “He has a heart of stone”?
- In what cases do they say “Frozen with a straight face”?
- Here you and I, guys, have found out how people use stone in their lives. And now I invite you to play:
My friend and I will go for a walk, - stand in pairs, walk in place
We'll find a river and a heater.
The river gurgles merrily -
And he runs over the pebbles.
Across the river, the two of us - walking in place
Let's cross the bridge.
The stone bridge stands - fingers connected in front of the chest
The river gurgles happily. - hands forward, wave movement
A house was built from stones, - fist-to-fist movement
You and I will enter it. - arms above your head in the shape of a “roof”
A strong house made of stones,
Always open to friends! - arms to the sides with palms forward
Mistress of Copper Mountain. I heard that you guys draw very well. Do you remember how Danila the master could not create a stone flower for a long, long time? I'm very interested in how you imagine a stone flower. Let's get creative! Let each of you come up with your own stone flower and paint it with any of the materials suggested here.
Children choose paper and materials, sit at tables, and draw. After finishing the work, everyone organizes an exhibition together and admires the drawings.
Mistress of Copper Mountain. Guys, you surprised me today! How beautiful everyone turned out, different flowers! Goodbye guys, I have to go! And if you want to plunge into again amazing world stone - visit the stone museum in Moscow. And also, look around you more often, and you will certainly meet the silent inhabitants of my stone kingdom.