If you are dyeing wool for the first time, it is better to use only one color, and once you get the hang of it, you can safely mix colors. The best container for plain wool is a small silicone mold or Plastic container. Place the wool in the mold so that the material fits completely into the container. Then mix 1 cup of water and 0.5 cups and pour into the mold, then gently press the wool to the bottom of the mold with a spatula, completely immersing it in, and leave for 30 minutes. After this time, add a glass of water to the container room temperature and 30 drops of dye (it is convenient to use liquid dye for soap base), stirring with a spatula, carefully distribute the dye. Perform this procedure carefully so as not to tangle the fur. Experiment with the amount of dye: the more dye, the richer the color of the coat. When the dye is completely absorbed and the wool becomes uniform color, cover the pan with a lid and microwave for 5 minutes. Then wait until the mixture has cooled to room temperature before opening the lid. Remove the wool from the mold and place it in a large bowl or basin and rinse thoroughly with room temperature water. When the water has stopped staining the wool, the fibers are ready for drying, as they have completely absorbed the pigment. To dry, lay the wool on paper towels or polyethylene and leave until dry. Wool takes quite a long time to dry, so it is very convenient to leave the material to dry overnight.
If you want wool in several colors at once, you need to soak the material in warm water for about ten minutes. During this time, you can dilute the dyes. Use acid powder dye as it is ideal for dyeing wool. Dilute the dye in warm water - the brighter the color you want, the more dye powder you add. When the dye has completely dissolved, pour the mixture into a spray bottle (this device is very convenient for dyeing wool in several colors at once). Add there table vinegar– proportion ratio 50/50, shake thoroughly. Prepare the rest of the dyes in the same way. Typically, three colors of the same range are used for painting, for example, blue, purple, pink - this helps to create a gradient effect. When ready, lay the wool on cellophane and start spraying paint from a spray bottle, do this sequentially, mentally dividing the wool into three equal parts, each of which needs to be sprayed with a certain color. After the wool is well saturated with paint, take one edge of the cellophane and roll the material into a tight roll. Place the roll in a plastic bag, which in turn must be simmered in a water bath for about 20 minutes. Rinse the cooled wool and lay it out to dry.
Attention. Most natural color wool, this is the color of the wool itself, all methods of dyeing or bleaching, especially chemical ones, somehow harm the wool. Boiling and dyeing tangles the fibers making them stiffer and more brittle. This is important if you want to paint, for example down scarf. Naturally, painting with natural dyes is preferable. If you're dyeing wool for the first time, be sure to try on a small piece first.
Products made from natural goat fluff have long been dyed using natural dyes, using decoctions of herbs, berries, tree bark and others. herbal ingredients. Listed below are a variety of plants that provide their own color. All dyes produce one or another shade of paint depending on the amount of dye in relation to the amount of wool. Those. The more dye there is, the brighter the color will be. Combination different colors give different shades. You can experiment endlessly. The color of the coat you get can be seen by the color of the water before adding the wool (the color of the coat will be lighter than the color of the water). You can remove the wool from the solution until the end of the procedure if you think that the saturation is enough for you. If the water has not become discolored after removing the wool, you can only dye it in a more advanced state. light shade. Before you paint a large number of wool, down scarf or woolen be sure to conduct an experiment for example on small quantity wool
Red
– buckthorn (wolfberry): young leaves and branches are used before flowering;
– elderberry: ripe berries are used;
– oregano: the herb used.
Yellow
– birch: bark (yellowish tint) and leaves ( bright color);
– wormwood: grass is used (the color comes out straw);
– poplar: buds are used;
– nettle: roots are used;
– buckthorn: fresh bark is used (dried bark gives a brown tint);
– orange or lemon peel;
– carrots, turmeric (ground) and cumin (jeera).
Brown
– oak: leaves and bark of the tree are used;
– mosses and lichens growing on stones;
– dried buckthorn bark;
– horse sorrel root dug up in the fall;
– basma;
- strong coffee.
Orange pink the color will come from mixed carrots, orange peel and one tablespoon of cinnamon.
For tender brick red For color, beets are useful, and for dark purple, red onion peels.
Blue
– blackberries;
– blueberries;
– meadow sage: grass is used;
– Ivan da Marya (flowers);
– quinoa seeds;
– red cabbage.
Green
– elderberry leaves;
– sorrel leaves;
– juniper berries;
– inner bark of bird cherry and poplar;
– spinach (you can add ground turmeric to it).
Grey
– periwinkle: grass is used (the color is dark gray);
– spruce bark;
– bearberry leaves (light gray color)
Black color will give maple leaves.
Orange
– wild apple bark;
– leaves and stems of celandine.
Golden brown
– dry onion peel;
– henna;
– black tea (infusion).
Dyeing wool with natural dyes
Wool dyed with natural dyes, does not lose its properties, and the color is bright and durable. In order to get a good coloring solution, you need to try a little: it is boiled several times. The colored water is poured into a container where the product will be painted, and the remaining raw materials are again filled with water and boiled - and so on until all the color is boiled off.
To dye the wool, it is necessary to boil it in the prepared solution over low heat for one to two hours, stirring constantly. Do not keep wool on the fire for too long, otherwise the fibers may become tangled and coarser. When the wool gets desired color, remove the container from the heat and let cool. Then you need to wash the product or yarn until it stops being dyed - and then dry it in the fresh air.
In order to achieve more rich color and additionally fix the shade, you can add a mordant to the solution during the dyeing process. Mordants are special substances, enhancing the fastness of the dye on wool. Thanks to mordants, wool fibers become less sensitive to light and moisture.
Mordants can be natural or chemical. The first include tea leaves, mosses, and acorns (these components contain a small amount of alum). For etching with natural substances, a solution is prepared: per 100 grams of wool, take 50-100 grams of the desired plant and boil over low heat under a lid for about 45 minutes. After the solution has cooled, the wool is immersed in it. Over low heat, the liquid is heated, but not brought to a boil, for another 45 minutes.
Chemical mordants are alum (an absolutely safe substance that can be bought in pharmacies), cream of tartar(you can find it in supermarkets) – White powder, obtained from grape acid after fermentation, copper sulfate(copper sulfate) and ferrous sulfate (iron sulfate) - sold in stores for summer residents, acetic acid. For mordant using chemical substances, the wool or dyed item is removed from the solution, where a mordant is added, and then immersed again in the solution. It is very important during the pickling process to constantly stir the wool and turn it over in the solution - this will help avoid stains.
Chemical dyeing of wool
Chemical dyes – aniline dyes – are also used to dye wool and products made from it. The method for preparing the solution and dyeing wool is indicated on the packaging of the substance. Need to remember a few important rules, which will help you with coloring. Pay attention to the container in which you are going to dye the wool: it should be voluminous so that the product or skein of wool lies freely there. It is best to choose an enamel container. Before dyeing, it is important to wet the wool thoroughly, and it should be completely immersed in the dyeing solution so that even a small corner does not rise above the surface of the solution.
The solution is prepared as follows. The powder from the bag is dissolved in half a liter of boiling water, stirred well and allowed to settle and cool for a while. After this, you need to strain the mixture through 2-3 layers of gauze and pour it into a container for coloring (the water temperature should not be higher than room temperature). Immerse six in the resulting solution and bring it to a boil. The entire procedure - from the moment the product is immersed in the dye solution until the end of painting - should not take more than 40 minutes. Wool or your woolen product must be constantly stirred in the solution, as it will float to the top. Wool absorbs the dye and the water in which the product or skein of wool is located will gradually begin to lighten - this sure sign that the dyeing process is proceeding correctly. To speed up the process, you can add a little vinegar to the water (for example, to dye 500 grams of wool, half a glass of vinegar is used in half a bucket of solution). One part of the vinegar should be poured at the beginning of coloring, the second at the end. If you dye wool in light colors, add vinegar only 25 minutes after the solution boils. Wool dyed desired shade, remove from the solution, let drain thoroughly and cool. Then you need to rinse it thoroughly in several waters, adding vinegar to the last one.
Except vinegar essence, when painting things with acid dyes, ammonium acetate is sometimes used, which, when boiled, decomposes to form acetic acid(ammonia evaporates).
When dyeing with such dyes, which are quickly absorbed by wool, which sometimes gives an uneven and staining color, ammonium acetate is added, which slows down the dyeing. This can also be achieved by adding table or Glauber's salt.
To obtain a more even color, it is necessary to start dyeing at a low temperature and heat the solution gradually. But this method is not suitable for all dyes; some of them give an even color if dyeing is started when the solution is boiling. These include acidic : light-resistant yellow, bright blue, anthrachin blue, scarlet, red 2C, bright red, green F, black.
The table shows the consumption of dyes per 1 kg of dry painted material.
The tank is filled with water, a weighed amount of table or Glauber's salt and acetic essence (acid) are added, having previously diluted it with water. The acid is not added all at once, but half first required amount. Then pour in half the dye dissolved in a small amount of hot water and stir thoroughly. The liquid is cooled to 40-45°, things previously soaked in water are loaded into it, and for 15-20 minutes. stir with a stick. Then the solution is slowly brought to a boil, which lasts 10-15 minutes. Then the items are removed from the solution and cooled to 50°, after which the second half of the dye solution is added and after 10 minutes. - the remaining amount of acid. Next, coloring of things is continued by thoroughly stirring the dyeing liquid for 1 hour (at a low boil).
You need to paint until the water becomes light. Finally, the woolen items are taken out, allowed to drain and cooled, then soaked first in warm and then in cold water.
In the following table we see recipes for dyeing wool with acid dyes (per 1 kg of fabric or yarn)
| Yellow | |
| Acid yellow methanil dye | 10 g |
| Table salt or Glauber's salt | 50 g |
| Vinegar essence | 15 g |
| Water | 25 l |
| Bordeaux color | |
| Acid burgundy dye | 30 g |
| table salt | 50 g |
| Vinegar essence | 15 g |
| Water | 25 l |
| Black color | |
| Acid black dye | 40 g |
| table salt | 100 g |
| Vinegar essence | 20 g |
| Water | 25 l |
(Instead of table salt, you can take Glauber's salt in double quantity).
If the dye quickly stains the wool, then in order to avoid uneven coloring, you should start dyeing without acid. Ammonium acetate is introduced instead. At first, the dye solution is heated only to 30°, the items are immersed and gradually brought to a boil. If there is still a significant amount of dye left in it, after an hour add vinegar essence and continue dyeing. But at the same time, things should be removed and the solution cooled to 50-60°.
Coloring recipe acid dyes with ammonium acetate (as a percentage of the weight of things):
- dye 1-4%
- ammonium acetate 2-3%
- Glauber's salt 10-20%
- acetic acid 1% by weight of things
Products made from raw wool (felt shoes, blankets, etc.) are dyed as follows. Water is poured into a cast-iron or enamel bowl (30 liters per 1 kg of dry products) and a pre-prepared dye solution is added. Most often used are black and brown paints- 40-50 g per 1 kg of dry wool. For every kilogram of products to be painted, add 25 g of vinegar essence and 50 g of table salt. Pre-cleaned and washed products are lowered into the heated liquid and the solution is gradually brought to a boil. Things should be turned over with a wooden stick. After 30 minutes, lifting the products above the dish, add another 30 g of vinegar essence diluted with cold water for 30-40 minutes. bring the solution to a boil. Then the things are removed from the boiler and washed first with warm and then with cold water.
Wool can also be dyed at home, but to do this you need to arm yourself with a certain set of items and special tools:
1. sheep wool (it must be bleached, combed and drawn);
3. table vinegar;
4. several spray bottles for different paints;
5. saucepan with a lid;
6. colander, measuring spoon;
7. thick newspaper;
8. polyethylene film.
When painting, follow basic safety rules: do not give paint to children, do not inhale paint powder, do not use the dishes from which you plan to eat for painting, be sure to wear rubber gloves while working with paint. Do not forget to follow the precautions that are usually written on the packaging of dyes.
Let's start painting
1. Prepare the workplace. Cover the table with a two-centimeter layer of newspaper. Cover all nearby objects that are not planned for painting with newspapers. Plastic bags will be needed to cover the table on top of the newspapers. Painting will be carried out on plastic film, in addition, subsequently the wool will need to be wrapped in it.
2. The wool is soaked for ten minutes in warm water. At this time, you need to dilute the powder dyes. To do this, pour warm water into disposable tableware, add the dye and stir it thoroughly using a disposable plastic spoon.
3. Add dye powder in the amount depending on what color of wool you want to achieve. To obtain a darker color, add more coloring pigment. To start, you can try taking 0.5 teaspoon of each color. Using a funnel, pour the dye diluted in warm water into a spray bottle. You need to add table vinegar to the spray bottle - about half a cup. Do not worry about the fact that all components are measured “by eye” - the exact proportions are not important here. If the output turns out to be very little coloring liquid or its color is too saturated, add some warm water. You can close the spray bottle and thus dissolve the paint in it, or you can simply stir the contents of the spray bottle with a stick. Dilute the remaining paints in the same way.
4. Take the wool out of the basin, squeeze out excess water from it, straighten it and place it, avoiding gaps, like a snake. Spread the wool on the work surface you prepared in advance. Spray the paint over the entire surface of the wool. Dyes need to be sprayed until the wool is completely saturated with them. Don't be alarmed if you see a small puddle of color under the fur - there's nothing to worry about.
6. Of course, by rolling this bag, you provoke the spilling of dyes from the wool. However, if your workplace was equipped in accordance with the above recommendations, then all excess coloring liquid will be absorbed into a thick layer of newspapers.
7. Place the roll of wool in a colander, and, accordingly, place the colander on a pan of boiling water. The wool should be steamed for about 20 minutes with the lid closed. After 20 minutes, turn off the stove, the wool should cool down. Next, the now cooled wool should be rinsed in warm water until the water becomes clear and colorless.
To dye wool (felt) we will need:
1. Aniline dye.
2. Saucepan.
3. Measuring cups for paint (you can use disposable plastic containers)
4. Polyethylene for wrapping wool.
5. Vinegar.
6. Rubber gloves.
7. Syringe.
First, let's measure required quantity wool for dyeing.
Fill the sink with hot water and add a little liquid soap. Place the wool in the sink and soak it in hot water for 1 hour.
At this time we prepare the dye. Buy ready-made dye specifically for dyeing wool.
Unfold the wool onto the plastic.
The wool should not drip.
Use a syringe to draw up the dye.
Multiple colors can be used. However, you need to remember that the colors will mix. And unexpected shades may appear. Remember that certain colors mixed together (like red plus green, orange plus blue, purple plus yellow, etc. will all produce some shade of brown).
Fold the polyethylene along the edges and begin rolling it together with the wool into a roll.
At this time, boil the required amount of water in a saucepan so that the arms with wool are completely immersed.
Place the rolls and simmer for 45 minutes. Check from time to time to ensure that the water does not boil away.
Again, fill the sink with hot water and add a little liquid soap.
Holding the edge of the plastic, carefully release the wool into the sink. The polyethylene can be thrown away.
Leave the wool in the sink for 15 minutes and drain the water. Next, you need to rinse the wool (felt) well. warm water and dry in washing machine in drying mode.
This is what we got!
