How to make the chest high: exercises and tips. How Plastic Surgery Kills Real Erect Breasts

The body of a healthy woman is designed in such a way that during pregnancy it is optimally prepared for breastfeeding.

Reference. Adipose tissue in the breast is gradually replaced by glandular tissue, in which milk will be produced. The first drops of colostrum may come out of the nipples as early as the beginning of pregnancy.

All these processes do not require any special intervention. Breast preparation basically comes down to general healing procedures:

Now let's touch on two of the most popular concerns related to preparing the breast for feeding.

How to properly prepare according to the shape and size?

Contrary to current beliefs, breast size does not affect the ability to breastfeed.The size of the bust depends on the amount of adipose tissue in the breast, and milk is produced by the glandular tissue, which is approximately the same in any breast.

Owners of small breasts face another problem. Such a breast with a sharp increase is more prone to the appearance of stretch marks.

Enlarging breasts of any size during pregnancy need adequate support. The bra should fit perfectly in size and shape. It is best to buy special seamless bras made from natural fabrics. with additional bottom support and wide shoulder straps. Such bras can be transformed within several sizes. And this feature will definitely come in handy.

What you need to know about the shape of the nipples?

It must be said right away that the fear that you will not be able to breastfeed a child with any form of nipples is not justified. Inverted or flat nipples may require more effort in the early days of feeding. But later the child will “resolve” the nipple of any shape and adapt.

Such nipple pathology can be "true" or "false". Real surgical pathology is quite rare. Such a nipple is called "inverted". In the vast majority of cases, we are talking about a "hiding" nipple. Such a nipple, when stimulated or exposed to cold, will stretch, and then again, as if hiding inside.

Advice. To check the shape of your nipples, you can try to grab the nipple with two fingers and lightly massage. Or swipe an ice cube across the nipple. In general, cause an erection of the nipple.

If the nipple in this state rises above the areola, it is a hidden nipple. It is unlikely that there will be any problems with it. If the nipple remains flat or retracts inward, you will probably have to tinker with the correct attachment of the baby to the breast.

Many people think that this shape of the nipples is a reason to stock up on formula and bottles. But it's just the opposite. In this case, the nipple is contraindicated for the child. Since attachment to the breast is associated with certain difficulties, the likelihood that a child will prefer a bottle to breast is much higher. Therefore, it is better not to give him such an opportunity at all. In a week or two, the baby will fully adapt to the mother's breast.. You just need to believe in him and in yourself.

When breastfeeding with a flat or inverted nipple, the baby should be positioned directly in front of the breast and not turning its head.

You can help him grab the areola by lightly squeezing it with your fingers and inserting it as deep as possible into the baby's open mouth. With proper attachment to the breast, the child compresses his lips and presses his tongue precisely on the areola, and not on the nipple itself. That's why retracted shape - not a hindrance to feeding.

There are also all sorts of devices for pulling the nipple. They are not required, you can manage without any of them. But you can try, it is possible that you will like them and come in handy. You can, for example, "get" the nipple from its shelter just before feeding with a breast pump. There are also special nipple shape correctors that operate on the same principle as a breast pump, for example, from Avent. Or silicone pads to form the correct shape of the nipple, as in Medela.

What should not be done?

Pulling and massaging the nipples during pregnancy in order to roughen the delicate skin. Stimulation of the nipples can cause uterine contractions and lead to preterm labor. In addition, delicate skin can really be damaged by rough touches, and microcracks will become a prerequisite for subsequent infection.

Some advise for the same purpose to put coarse fabric in the bra so that the nipples rub against it and “harden” - the result may be similar to the previous paragraph.

First, again, the effect on the uterus. During the feeding of the child, the specific stimulation of the nipples contributes to the rapid contraction of the uterus after childbirth. Think about how the body should perceive such signals before childbirth?
In addition, the microflora of a baby's mouth cannot be compared with the microflora of an adult male mouth. Not to mention the presence of a complete set of teeth, the structure of the jaw apparatus, etc.

Important! No special preparatory activities, except for general health procedures, are not necessary. A healthy lifestyle will provide the best conditions for nature to take care of breastfeeding. What can not be said about maintaining the shape of the breast, which, frankly, does not really care about nature.

How to preserve the natural beauty of the bust?

The most important recommendation is natural feeding. This feeding is on demand and preferably for at least a year and a half. In this case, the involution of the mammary glands (replacement of the glandular tissue with adipose tissue) will occur in the most physiological way, and the breast may even become slightly larger than it was before feeding.

A beautiful bust does not necessarily impress those around you with its size. But in fact, of course, it is not the size that is valued, but the shape, elasticity and aesthetics of the breast. How to take care of your breasts so that they always remain beautiful?

The most beautiful breast size

What size breasts do you need to have to be considered attractive? It's no secret that quantity here does not always turn into quality, because no one has canceled the laws of gravity, and a heavy bust will certainly fall down. Therefore, girls with impressive busts have been forced to choose really comfortable bras for years, and some even decide on breast reduction.

There is a popular belief that the ideal breast is the one that can fit in a man's hand. If we translate this into modern sizes, then depending on the size of the hand, we will get the second or third size. The point, of course, is not in male hands in general; any breast is beautiful by definition; however, small breasts are simply more convenient for the woman herself.

According to researchers, that breast looks ideal if the ratio of the upper and lower lobes of which is 45% to 55% with the nipple pointing upwards. True, they do not specify what size it should be, so owners of large busts should not despair.

But even if your breasts are suddenly not so close to the generally accepted ideal, you should remember that you can get closer to it with the help of constant breast care. You need to take care of your health, take care of your posture, which greatly affects the appearance of the chest, take a contrast shower that restores skin elasticity and freshness, and also do not forget about physical exercises.

The biggest breasts in the world

But what about girls with a huge bust? After all, this is in every sense a very difficult test for the whole organism. However, some desperate women specifically increase their breasts, such as Chelsea Charms. Her breasts are considered the largest in the world and give a certain reason for pride.

Chelsea had her breasts enlarged with the help of surgeons who inserted polypropylene implants into her. Since the girl is engaged in striptease, and also acts in films for adults, such a change in appearance only played into her hands. Each of her breasts weighs more than 11 kilos, and the size is marked with the numbers 164XXX.

But not only silicone breasts can be the largest in the world. The chest of the Chinese woman Ting Hiafen is in no way inferior to the forms of Chelsea. And she is completely natural. True, the surgeons showed their skills here too, but not in the direction of increasing, but just the opposite.

Ting's breasts began to grow at a very young age, and soon became the butt of peer ridicule. The reason for this rapid growth, according to doctors, was hormonal failure. Ting could not even move without assistance, because the weight of her bust exceeded 20 kg, which, of course, was an unbearable burden for a 12-year-old fragile girl. After a successful operation, the breasts have become smaller, but they are still among the largest busts in the world.

The most beautiful natural breasts

Undoubtedly, true connoisseurs of a beautiful bust prefer natural beauty, which was not created by the surgeon's hand. And there are a lot of girls with such wealth both among celebrities and among ordinary people.

In the history of cinema, one of the most beautiful breasts was considered Marilyn Monroe. Until now, however, it is not clear whether her breasts were enlarged or not; Perhaps this is just the speculation of envious people. The parameters of Marilyn's figure are considered almost ideal in our time, and many women try to achieve the same feminine and expressive figure.

And among our contemporaries, Scarlett Johansson has the most beautiful natural breasts. Moreover, the actress enlarged her breasts at the dawn of her career, but after a short time she abandoned implants in favor of naturalness. By the way, surgeons note that such visits to their clinics are becoming more frequent, which means that the fashion for silicone breasts is gradually disappearing.

The most beautiful and sexy breasts in the world

Glossy magazines regularly rank the most beautiful busts. According to the magazine "In Touch", which was one of them, pop singer Jessica Simpson takes the first place in it.

Jessica pushed the famous Pamela Anderson out of leadership positions, although Jessica's bust is much more modest in size. So now the title "The most luxurious breasts in Hollywood" belongs to her. Many felt that her bust can really be called perfect.

Upon closer inspection, it turns out that Jessica Simpson's breasts did not become so by nature at all. The professional hands of surgeons and some silicone helped her to get a great shape. But this does not bother the many fans of the singer, because the result is magnificent, and is it really important how Jessica achieved it? Emily Ratajkowski has breasts of rare beauty

The editors of the site recall that beauty is different, and there is no single standard of attractiveness. We invite you to read about Russian stars who are considered overweight and at the same time feel quite comfortable.
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In addition to the busty beauties who show off their charms on the covers of glossy magazines, there are no less attractive actresses in Hollywood with the first or even zero breast size. However, this size did not in the least prevent them from entering the ranking of the sexiest women in the world, even though beautiful breasts in a seductive decollete are one of the main Hollywood beauty standards. Therefore, the demand for breast plastic surgery among the stars is very high, but some of them are not tempted.

“Even in the United States, where large dentures are favored, this change is starting to appear,” says dermatologist Dr. Alessandro Alarcán, head of the Brazilian Society of Dermatology. The weight of silicone, associated with signs of aging like sagging, ensures that breasts will inevitably drop, no matter how small, he says. Not to mention some potential spinal issues. “So some patients do the exchange in search of comfort,” explains the specialist.

“I think it's not about choosing a small prosthesis, but about a rational, balanced choice that is in harmony with the structure of the body of each person,” added Dr. Prado Neto. If it is 1.70 m high, the 180 ml prosthesis will not appear, just as it is unreasonable to put one of 400 ml. It already seems to me that the 260 ml or 280 ml model suits my current concepts.

The small size of the chest does not prevent the stars from wearing revealing necklines and being the subject of dreams and desires of many men.

At Keira Knightley almost zero bust: during the filming of the film "Pirates of the Caribbean" her breasts had not only to be lifted with the help of corsages of old dresses, but also to finish drawing on the computer later. But the star even proudly declares the absence of breasts and undresses in front of the camera without hesitation.

Here, the intervention continues to lead the ranking of more requests, surpassing even liposuction. But the novelty, which has just arrived in dermatology offices, promises to act on sagging and, who knows, delays the decision to surgically intervene.

"Some women who have done this have either liked it or had surgery, but it's important to remember that the laser is not a substitute for a silicone implant," he said. "Their marriage is a very satisfying outcome." Men are very attracted to women's breasts, but there are different types of breasts that evoke different reactions. For example, prosperous breasts think of procreation or survival, while small breasts are preferred by singles who don't think they have a family.

© kinopoisk.ru

Milla Jovovich has the first breast size. Perhaps one of the few Hollywood actresses, not only not shy, but, on the contrary, in every possible way emphasizing the modesty of her bust. After all, she repeatedly undressed for various photo shoots.

When children become men, they unconsciously associate their companions' breasts with motherly love, and larger breasts love even less romantic ones, because they believe that they are more positive about their masculinity. According to a study by two Canadian researchers Christopher Burris and Armand Munteanu, children who didn't care about becoming a father projected smaller infants than those with more of a sense of parenthood. From a study conducted by the University of Sheffield and Texas, it was found that 82% of women appreciate massages and caress their cleavage, and the second emeritus professor of philosophy at the University of California, Stuart Fishoff, men who are afraid of competition They prefer women with smaller breasts because they know that it will attract less attention from other men.

Paris Hilton known not only for her drunken antics, but also for the fact that she likes to wear dresses with a revealing neckline. But, nevertheless, she succumbed to the temptation of Hollywood standards and underwent plastic surgery to increase her breasts.

Kate Moss- Another owner of a "flat" chest, but this did not stop her from becoming the most sought-after model. According to her, at the age of 14, when she was just starting her modeling career, she was very complex about her breasts and a thin figure, but as a result, she introduced thinness into fashion.

A survey conducted by the University of Westminster on 361 men aged 18 to 68 showed that men love prosperous breasts and imagine their partner as a geisha. An experiment by the University of Southern Brittany showed that a girl is more likely to get into a car by gradually increasing her bra size. Boys who haven't eaten yet, according to a study at the University of Westminster in the cafeteria, men see they have access to food in their breasts, so if they're hungry, they prefer moldy.

Next on the list - Natalie Portman, who never claimed the title of a busty girl, but has always been in demand as an actress and loved as a woman.

Studies in Malaysia found that those who perceive low wages prefer women with large breasts because they represent abundance and a "reserve" that reduces fears of poverty. Men who love women with large breasts are often nostalgic for their mother and need love and protection. Professor Karen Weatherby, an expert on aging, studied the behavior of a group of men for five years. Those who admitted to watching at least 10 minutes a day prosperous woman's breasts had lower blood pressure and less susceptibility to heart disease.

Charlize Theron- a vivid example of the fact that "little does not mean bad." But, according to Charlize Theron herself, she would still change her perfect legs for a magnificent bust.

Ideally, every woman should be happy. To do this, you must have a body that the girl will be happy with. Unfortunately, many women experience problems with this. Most often, young girls are unhappy with the size of their breasts, you should not be ashamed of this under any circumstances. After all, such breasts look more feminine and young. But if, nevertheless, on this basis you have some complexes, then you should learn about some tricks that will help make your chest bigger.

Pacifier use is a contentious issue that could spark a big debate. The aim of the study was to revisit the story behind the pacifier, to discover the different meanings it had over time and across cultures, but above all to revisit the risks and benefits associated with the use of the pacifier found in recent reviews of the literature.

The pacifier that always cries when babies cry has a long history. This bag, which functions as today's pacifier, may include sweet or other foods, depending on the country where it was located. It was sometimes laced with wine or opiates to tempt children. Needless to say, children were frequently intoxicated with these substances. Often these "dummies" were created with dirty rags that led to diseases and infections.

1) Practice good posture. This is by far the cheapest and fastest way to make your breasts look bigger. Keep your head straight, shoulders back, chest forward, back straight. This alone can make your breasts look bigger and more attractive, and also make you look slimmer and taller.

In addition to soothing crying, the pacifier has been used to help baby teeth; then it had the shape of a stick to hold between the gums of the child and was created with animal bone: the bone represented the strength of the animal, which was passed on to the child to help him overcome the pain of the tooth. Another substance with which the wands were woven was coral for its supposed protective properties against the devil, witchcraft and disease. Both substances also provided a feeling of freshness on irritated gums. silver was quite rich.

Risks and benefits of pacifier use Various studies have confirmed the positive effects of pacifier use in children. The author concludes that non-nutritive sucking increases neurological maturation and cognitive growth in premature, neurologically immature children. A possible explanation for this could be the presence of a paw handle that would help prevent accidental ips by avoiding contact by directing the face onto the sheets and preventing choking. It also seems that babies using a pacifier have a lower awakening threshold and wake up more often, reducing the risk of fatal sleep apnea.

2) Train your chest muscles. By increasing the main part of the muscle, you will lift the chest and make it stronger and more rounded. Regular push-ups are one way to achieve this goal. You must reach the level of 15 pushups in a row. There are also many strength training and exercises you can do to build chest muscles.

Also, using a pacifier helps the baby breathe through the mouth if the nose is blocked. Because choking and sleep apnea during sleep can be caused by sliding the tongue over the back, the nipple helps prevent them because the baby is forced to hold the tongue forward during suction, while reducing the risk of oropharyngeal obstruction.

The study found that the use of a pacifier does not reduce the frequency or duration of feeding, and it is concluded that the pacifier should not be abandoned to premature babies for fear that the baby will not learn to breastfeed and feed. it appears that non-nutritive absorption is not associated with the presence of signs of temporomandibular dysfunction in children aged 3-5 years, while other studies have had a negative effect on the nipple. Nelson found that in some countries there is a correlation between the nipple and a low percentage of breastfeeding.

3) Focus on your waist. Losing weight and shaping your core (the muscles around your waist and ribs) will make your breasts appear larger in comparison without actually adding breast tissue. Try yoga exercises to help you burn calories while strengthening your muscles.

However, pacifier use can be an indicator of independent breastfeeding problems and is not necessarily the cause. Howard investigated whether "nipple confusion" might affect breastfeeding, and it was found that using a pacifier for babies up to the 1st month of life resulted in reduced breastfeeding alone and was associated with shorter lactation duration overall.

The American Academy of Pediatrics has issued guidelines for pacifier use. However, it is emphasized that there is an increased risk of developing ophetitis media associated with the use of a pacifier. The latter claim is not supported by recent research.

4) Wear the correct bra size. Unfortunately, most women wear the wrong bra size. The right bra should fit snugly under your breasts and the harness should be tight. Measure your bra size yourself, as a properly fitted bra will also add points to your score.

Potential dangers of pacifiers: - can lead to tooth displacement with prolonged use, can also reduce lactation if the nipple is in the 1st month of life - high risk of otitis media, especially after the first year of life. Parental education: - use the pacifier after the 4th week of life, when care has already been intensified - do not force the child to use a pacifier - use the pacifier, if possible, only at night. - if the baby loses the pacifier during the night, do not return it. - raise the nipple at the end of the first year of life.

5) Wear your bra correctly. Once the size has been chosen correctly, make sure you are comfortable, the bra should be a home for your breasts in which they are comfortable. It should not be cups where your chest falls, not a wall against which it rests. Adjust buckles and straps as needed.

6) Wear bras that make your breasts look larger. There are many options, so it's best not to rush, achieve the desired effect. The following types of bras are the best for women who want to visually enlarge their breasts:

It will be important to talk about the use of a pacifier with newborn families already at the time of discharge, as well as refer them to subsequent postnatal visits, so that parents are aware of this choice. The effect of music-enhanced non-nutritive sucking on the rate of feeding in preterm infants. Sleep dummy use and risk of sudden infant death syndrome: a casual population survey study. The effect of bottles, cups and mannequins on breastfeeding in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial. International study of childcare practices: breastfeeding and pacifier use. Breastfeeding, bottle feeding and non-caloric suckling: effects on occlusion in deciduous teeth. Randomized clinical trials of use and bottle-feeding or breastfeeding and their effect on breastfeeding. Here are the benefits of your small bust that you should definitely be grateful for.

push up. Such a bra, thanks to inserts made of cotton and silicone, will make your breasts visually larger and lift them up. Usually this type of bra is worn under clothes with a V-neck.

There is also a balconette bra, which can also make your bust more visible, thanks to underwire and cups sewn in a special way. It is usually worn under round neck clothing.

You have no problem buying clothes. All bras are suitable for you - soft lace, thin straps, many colors and patterns. It's like you, because underwear is for beauty, not for keeping your shape. You can't even wear a bra. You only need one swimsuit.

You may not know, but now we will explain: women with large breasts always buy at least two swimsuits. The reason is that if the top is perfect, the bottom is too baggy. If you think this is not an advantage, you are obviously not pregnant yet. Restful sleep is impossible when you cannot change your position in bed. Only a woman in the last trimester and one with large breasts knows what a nightmare it is. But the first of them has been fighting for three months, and the second - a lifetime.

Soft bras use inserts that simulate real breasts when walking

7) Grab attention with the little things. This is a subtle psychological move. Lace, brooches, chain, pendants. All this can draw attention to the chest and subconsciously, in the minds of men, increases the size.

Less deep V-necks, more attention to detail in the chest and neck area.

You don't face any obstacles - you just go to the gym and start working out. A woman with a large bust should go on a shopping spree looking for at least 2-3 different bras to keep her cherished treasures. Well, it will be until you are 70 and its power will inevitably draw your chest to the ground. But by then you don't need to worry - gravity has no power over you.

You can lose weight without worries. When gifted women decide to lose weight, their dilemma is instantly in their minds, which do they prefer to lose - their pounds or their breasts. On the other hand, you don't have to worry because weight loss won't have much effect on your breast size.

Give some freedom to your clothes. It is not necessary that it is strongly attached to the body, because in this way it is easier to recognize the lining in the bra

8) Patterns and colors. Dark bottom, light top. Patterns must be correctly chosen. Aim for horizontal stripes and waves and less vertical patterns, especially around the chest.

9) Use makeup. If you need, for example, for a photo shoot, to create a great illusion, then with the help of shadows you can draw shadows for yourself that form the neckline, but do not overdo it. Here you need quite a bit, otherwise the deception will be obvious. And I repeat this is NOT for everyday life.

10) Live with reality. Small breasts are not a burden that you may think. First, not everyone likes big breasts. Indeed, it is an exaggeration to say that only men like women with large breasts - everyone has their own preferences. Plastic surgery may save and improve your rating in male society. In addition, with small breasts, as a rule, you will bend much less than your girlfriend with large breasts.

P.S. If you still decide that plastic surgery is the only way out, then in any case, consult a professional plastic surgeon. Only he will give you advice, or even dispel all doubts about your beauty.

Translation -www.wikiHow.com-

In 362 out of 540 Russian plastic surgery clinics, violations were detected. This is evidenced by the inspection data of Roszdravnadzor, which are available to Gazeta.Ru. In August, the department conducted unscheduled inspections: violations were found in 67% of medical institutions.

“362 prescriptions have been issued specifying specific deadlines for eliminating the identified violations. 587 protocols on administrative offenses were drawn up. At present, decisions have been made under the protocols for a total amount of 3.43 million rubles,” the department noted.

Among the violations are the lack of round-the-clock monitoring of patients, the lack of agreements with other institutions to provide assistance in emergency cases, and the discrepancy between the level of training of specialists and the qualification requirements.

In addition, violations of the rules for the storage and transportation of drugs, as well as the use of unregistered drugs, were revealed.

On November 6, investigators opened a criminal case under the article “Causing death by negligence” against an anesthesiologist from Zheleznovodsk. This was reported in the regional department of the TFR. On February 24, 2018, a physician performed breast augmentation surgery on a 44-year-old patient. After the "plastic" the woman fell into a coma. She was transported for treatment to the federal center for resuscitation and rehabilitation in the Moscow Region, where she died two months later without regaining consciousness.

The forensic medical examination showed that the death of the Russian woman was the result of unprofessional actions of the anesthetist at the city hospital. “In particular, the doctor did not comply with the standards of anesthesia care: he prematurely transferred the patient from the intensive care unit to the surgical department, and then did not observe her in the ward, where she stopped breathing, which led to acute cerebral hypoxia and subsequent death,” the report says.

According to KP in the North Caucasus, a resident of Zheleznovodsk herself worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist for many years, so she prepared seriously for the upcoming operation - she underwent a full examination and passed all the necessary tests. Law enforcement officers are now interrogating a doctor suspected of the patient's death, and are also preparing to take the criminal case to court. The doctor faces up to three years in prison.

Deadly Stab

This is not the first death in 2018 resulting from plastic surgery. So, in July, a resident of Khabarovsk became ill after mammoplasty. She had to be transferred to intensive care, where she died three days after the operation.

In early August, the local Investigative Committee opened a criminal case into the incident. The department said that the medical company Regiomed, in which the resident of Khabarovsk was operated on, did not have the appropriate license.

A similar story happened in Moscow at the end of July. Then the 39-year-old resident of the capital was already lying on the operating table, but after an injection of lidocaine, she became ill. A short time later, the woman died.

Investigators searched the clinic, seized documents, ordered a forensic medical examination, and opened a criminal case under the article “Provision of services that do not meet safety requirements.” Later, Roszdravnadzor found out that the Asclepius Med clinic, in which the Russian woman died, did not have a license to carry out medical activities, including in the field of plastic surgery.

Another tragedy occurred in February this year in Ufa. A 33-year-old woman underwent plastic surgery in a private clinic. After being discharged from the hospital, her health deteriorated. A few days later she died at her home.

Investigators opened a criminal case under the same article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - "Provision of services that do not meet safety requirements, resulting in the death of a person through negligence." “The necessary documentation was confiscated from the clinic, the management and medical staff were interrogated,” the regional branch of the UK noted.

Surgeons will be given five years more

In a video on her YouTube channel, the girl announced the complications that she had after a rhinoplasty operation in a private clinic in St. Petersburg.

Now clinics are required to refer patients to a hospital after any plastic surgery for a period of at least one day. The Ministry of Health also banned outpatient surgical interventions, which are often found in the practice of surgeons.

In addition, in mid-October, the chief plastic surgeon of the Ministry of Health, Natalya Manturova, advocated reducing the number of graduates in her specialty. She also called for the introduction of a five-year residency for future specialists.

The patient can be warned in advance about complications after the operation, lawyer Vladimir recalled.

“If the patient himself agrees with the possibility of such an outcome, then the claims against the clinic are unfounded. Of course, the warning must be in writing. Information about complications can be written in the contract for the provision of services - in each situation, this contract must be studied. But the clinic cannot limit its liability in the presence of fault by the provisions of the contract. If complications are the result of a medical error, the organization must compensate for the losses, ”he told Gazeta.Ru.

The lawyer advised to check whether the clinic has a license, the date of its issue, as well as a list of services certified by the head. “Any discrepancy is a reason to refuse cooperation with the organization. It is also worth paying attention to the building of the clinic, the staff of doctors, reviews about the work,” Starinsky added.

He urged to keep the contract with the clinic and all the results of the examinations - they can be useful when drawing up a claim. However, an expert opinion is required to reach a final decision in such cases.

What patients go through

The process of preparing for plastic surgery takes an average of three to five days. It includes the delivery of basic tests: clinical and biochemical blood tests, coagulogram, X-ray or CT scan of the chest, ECG and examination by a therapist.

“If there is an operation related to breathing, it is also necessary to conduct a computed tomography of the nose, if with an adnexal apparatus of the eye, an examination by an ophthalmologist is mandatory. In addition, it is important to undergo an examination by a phlebologist to exclude the occurrence of thromboembolism. And the final stage is the consultation of the anesthesiologist.

This whole range of examinations is necessary in order to protect the patient, make the procedure as controlled as possible and reduce risks to a minimum. In general, the preparation for the operation is quite fast if the patient wants to be operated on as soon as possible, -

a plastic surgeon of the Institute of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetology, a member of the profile commission, an expert of Roszdravnadzor, told Gazeta.Ru.

It should be noted that the waiting time before surgery is associated not only with the process of taking tests, but also with the surgeon's workload. For many of the plastic surgeons, operations are planned for several months in advance, for someone - for six months or more, the expert noted.

Aesthetic operations are a technologically complex intervention that includes work with integumentary tissues, bone and cartilage structures, Zakharov continued. “There may also be general surgical problems, such as bleeding, disruption of the integrity of important anatomical structures, and delayed problems associated with difficult rehabilitation or gross scarring,” the plastic surgeon explained.

However, only very gross violations can cause complications that will lead to the death of the patient, Zakharov added. In most cases, such severe consequences are more likely to be associated with concomitant defects in anesthesia.

Usually, postoperative rehabilitation in patients is quite easy due to the fact that aesthetic operations are mainly operations on integumentary tissues. “And a protracted rehabilitation, in principle, is not typical for them. In the field of plastic surgery, the death of a patient during the rehabilitation stage is, of course, nonsense. Most likely, this is due to some other health-related conditions that are not related to the fact of the operation, ”said the doctor.

At the moment, the main problem in the industry is labor quality control, Anton Zakharov believes. “For this reason, it is planned to increase the term of residency training in the specialty “plastic surgery” to five years. This is also why the shorter and shorter forms of obtaining a certificate for the right to operate have long been canceled,” he concluded.