Lyudmila Kozinets
Consultation for parents “Aesthetics of everyday life and communication - a condition and means of aesthetic education of a child in the family”
« Aesthetics of everyday life and communication - a condition and means of aesthetic education of a child in the family».
(consultation for parents) .
Great value for artistic education has the beauty of the surrounding child's environment, i.e. everyday life. What is it - - everyday aesthetics? This includes the interior of the apartment, the kitchen set, the hairstyle, and the clothes...
Concept aesthetic education is extensive. The word itself « aesthetics» came from « aesthesis» , What "sensual", "feeling", "understanding". And so when we talk about aesthetic sense, then we mean - first of all, a feeling of beauty. This includes an understanding of the beauty of behavior, the beauty of human relationships, and the desire to find beauty in the world around us.
On upbringing children have the right aesthetic attitude to reality is greatly influenced by everyday life, family communication, shaping your taste. Good taste corresponds to a person’s true idea of beauty and presupposes a well-developed sense of proportion. This is a taste that evokes a desire for truly beautiful things.
Parents should take care so that the children's corner is furnished with comfortable, light furniture. You can also make furniture yourself. Small cabinets, a sliding shelf for toys and books. Table and chair; they teach the baby to order, neatness, cultivate work aesthetics. Order frees thought. How nice it is to put the toys in their places after playing
It's no secret that children love everything beautiful. Knowing this, we adults must always be beautiful. But holidays, some will object to me, do not happen every day. Yes, not every day, but every day we must start by putting things in order myself: hairstyle, clothes - these are also, as mentioned above, components aesthetic life. Demand from child beauty, teach him to also take care of his appearance. Now you have tied a bow for your daughter, take her to the mirror, draw her attention to how the girl immediately transformed. After all, girls should strive to be beautiful. It `s naturally. Concept « aesthetic» closely related to the concept "moral". Child still doesn’t fully understand what beauty is. With this word he is everything that he loves, that brings him joy. It is no coincidence that we call the people we like, the actions that delight us, wonderful, beautiful. This is what we talked about aesthetics of everyday life, and now let's move on to aesthetics of communication. Especially sensitive perceive children relationships between members families.
If there are constant quarrels at home, there is no mutual understanding between parents, the entire family structure is disrupted, to inspire aesthetic principles are useless for a child, because in reality he observes something completely different.
Often between parents have disputes, which is fundamental in ethical education. Some advocate for the development of natural artistic abilities, others argue that up to the age of three children should be instilled with cultural skills, that is aesthetics of behavior. But all these views are one-sided. Aesthetic education, as well as mental, physical, moral, should be harmonious, versatile, purposeful. And not the last, but one of the main roles is assigned to family. This is what should be a clear example in raising a child.
Role families consists of the gradual introduction child into society so that its development proceeds in accordance with nature child and country culture.
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Definition of aesthetic education
Raising children from a very early age has many important facets and directions. We want our children to grow up developed and happy, and for this we need to instill in them a huge variety of values and skills. This includes the child’s ability to perceive the beauty of nature and art, the ability to create something independently, behave with dignity when surrounded by other people, etc. The process of forming these abilities in a child’s personality is nothing more than the aesthetic education of children.
Aesthetic education of preschool children includes not only the ability to perceive art (the so-called artistic education), but also attitude to work, everyday life, moral qualities of the individual, manifestation of feelings, fantasy and imagination.
We can also give a definition to the term “aesthetic education of children” - this is the organization of the child’s life process, which involves means aimed at developing aesthetic abilities, knowledge of beauty in nature, art and human life, the ability to give an aesthetic assessment of everything that he encounters and form there is an aesthetic attitude towards this.
Rationale for aesthetic education of preschool children
Why is it important to pay special attention to this at a very early age? The fact is that the need to perceive beauty in its various manifestations is inherent in a person from birth. The full development of the individual, the ability to adequately respond to the surrounding reality, healthy emotional development and relationships with people depend on this.
From a very early age, a child learns to admire what attracts his gaze. To do this, parents use various means. At first it could be large beautiful toys or pictures on the wallpaper in the children's room. He then perceives the beauty of a lullaby that his mother sings to him or the sounds of beautiful music. Over time, the child begins to notice the play of the sun's rays in the room, and also watch cartoons and beautiful books. All this gives rise to a lot of strong joyful feelings, delight and pleasure in his mind. If this ability to perceive beauty is channeled in the right direction in a timely manner, using all available means, this will help the child grow up to be a happy person who knows how to find joy in any circumstances.
Objectives of education in aesthetics
Aesthetic education of preschool children is conventionally divided into two groups, different in direction, but very closely interconnected. Each group pursues its own goals and uses its own means.
The first group relates to the formation of the ability to perceive beauty. This includes the ability to understand and feel beauty in objects of art, human misdeeds, and nature. The development of artistic taste and the formation of the need for contact with beauty is also included in the tasks of the first group.
The tasks of the second group are related to teaching the child to create something beautiful on his own: draw pictures, sculpt and design objects, sing, dance and move to a melody, express his thoughts beautifully.
Moreover, it is very important that both tasks of both groups are closely intertwined with each other. From the very beginning, as soon as they have the opportunity, ability and means for this, children must not only perceive the beauty in the surrounding reality, but also independently create something new and equally beautiful. They should have a clear awareness that they have a close connection with the world, and themselves are capable of making it more pleasant and attractive.
Conditions for aesthetic education
The most important condition for a child’s aesthetic education is his constant environment. The environment in which a baby is located from birth has the most powerful impact on aesthetic taste, which will continue throughout his life. If the environment around the child is beautiful (even if not rich), if he observes the beautiful relationships between his parents, hears pleasant words and music from them, if there is always order at home, then from childhood this will become the norm for him. Anything different from this will be perceived by the child as something unpleasant and abnormal.
It is important that the space is properly organized both at home and in kindergarten - all the necessary means for the development of an aesthetic sense are provided, all things are in their place, there is nothing superfluous. Beautiful paintings and decorative items are also a must have. It is important that the child’s environment meets the following requirements:
- Functionality and expediency. The presence of objects and their location must be justified and serve a specific purpose and perform specific tasks.
- Cleanliness and tidiness.
- Proper use of color palette.
- Visual interconnectedness of all objects, creating a harmonious atmosphere of everyday life.
Parents themselves can set an example for their child from birth in observing the three most important rules of aesthetics :
- Live in the middle of beauty
- Notice beauty and enjoy it
- Create beauty using all available means.
- Means of cultivating a sense of aesthetics
In order for the aesthetic education of preschool children to be successful, it is important to arm yourself with a complete set of aesthetic education methods.
Aesthetics of everyday life. Decorating and arranging a child’s life contributes to the formation in him of the ability to feel the beauty of the surrounding space, and also encourages him to create and preserve the surrounding beauty. Decoration, order, cleanliness, hygiene, stylistic consistency, means for cleaning the room - all this, of course, has the most powerful impact on the child’s aesthetic perception of the world.
Works of art. Walls and other household items should be decorated with paintings, graphics, small sculptures, etc. Still lifes, paintings of landscapes and portraits, engravings, plaster figurines, decorative items made of wood and glass - all this instills in the child the need for an aesthetic environment. Various events in kindergarten or at home can have musical accompaniment. Music, as such, has a very beneficial effect on the development of a child’s personality. If music is played often at home, it develops organization, composure, and a sense of rhythm.
Nature. From a very early age, it is important to take your child out into nature as often as possible. This is not only good for his physical health. This allows him to observe how harmoniously everything is arranged, how great the richness of colors is at different times of the year. He will begin to notice all this gradually in the reflection of beautiful paintings and other works of art. There is no better teacher of aesthetics than nature itself. Preschool children will enjoy organized excursions into nature: to the forest, to a clearing, to a river or lake. Every locality has beautiful places where you can safely take your children. Usually, the impressions experienced during an excursion remain in the child’s memory for life, and this develops in them the ability to see beauty.
Education. You can also purposefully teach children aesthetics. Various types of activities are used for this: games, reading books, watching films and programs, performances, etc.
Organization of independent artistic activities. It is important to create conditions that encourage the child to create something himself with pleasure. It is necessary to create zones in the learning space, each of which performs its own tasks and is equipped and supplied with materials. Children should be able to use all this freely. The teacher’s task is to provide a variety of children’s creative activities, to provide them with everything necessary for drawing, modeling, collecting pictures, etc.
So, aesthetic education is a purposeful activity, as a result of which the child learns to see the beauty of the world around him. The child gains the ability to create beautiful drawings.
Aesthetic education includes inducing in children various aesthetic experiences, which children subsequently realize in their creative, often artistic, visual plans.
As a result of introducing children to the world of beauty, imagination, creative thinking and a sense of artistic perception are formed.
It has been noticed that already in infancy the baby reaches out to everything bright and colorful. Those. From the very beginning, from his very birth, a craving for beauty is inherent in him. Throughout childhood, it is necessary to maintain this desire for beauty.
This is facilitated by educating children in aesthetics, which is successfully implemented within the walls of a children's educational institution, using all possible means and forms for this.
The importance of this process cannot be overestimated. After all, the way a child sees the world around him has a huge impact on the formation of his personal qualities and lays a solid foundation for a certain character.
Children who know how to see beauty in the world around them are able, from a very early age, not only to experience many positive emotions, but also begin to support the beauty around them. It is easier to accustom them to order and cleanliness, they more easily agree to clean up the room after themselves and teach them to throw garbage in a place specially designed for this. Such children take better care of themselves: their hairstyle, cleanliness and neatness of clothes, and demeanor. They also enjoy contributing to the development of the aesthetic environment around them. This is reflected in the desire to decorate the place of life.
Children with developed aesthetic perception have richer and more beautiful speech. They make it easier to connect with other people and maintain good relationships with them. All these qualities and skills will have a positive impact on the child’s life even after he grows up.
Consultation for educators
Article “Aesthetics in preschool age”
Sumina Eleonora Nikolaevna, teacher
d/s No. 17 Alekseevka, Belgorod region
Aesthetic education is carried out under the influence of reality (nature, everyday life, work and social life) and art (music, literature, works of artistic and decorative creativity, theater). Forms of work on aesthetic activities are games, activities, excursions, holidays, and entertainment.
The development of a child’s artistic interests, creative imagination and abilities, and the acquisition of practical skills begins in early childhood. It is important that the teacher’s work in this direction is structured and carried out according to a specific program that takes into account the current level of development of various types of art, the gradual, consistent complication of requirements, and a differentiated approach to the knowledge and skills of children of different ages.
A large role in aesthetic education is given to art. It reveals to children the meaning of life’s phenomena, makes them look more closely at the world around them, encourages them to empathize and condemn evil.
To teach a child to distinguish between good and evil in human relationships, to perceive the beauty of forms, lines, sounds, colors - this means making him better, purer, more meaningful.
The joint work of teachers and psychologists has shown that in recent years the level of mental and aesthetic activity has increased significantly. This manifests itself already at an early age. The modern way of life, labor and social relations of people, and the surrounding nature create the prerequisites for the aesthetic development of a child. He enters the world of art, getting acquainted with the creativity of different peoples, with painting and sculpture, music, cartoons, etc.
Aesthetics is not an isolated area of pedagogy, but interacts with all its aspects. It is closely connected with modernity and is largely determined by it. Aesthetic mastery of reality presupposes closeness to life, the desire to transform the world around us, society, nature, and the objective environment.
In order to properly organize work on aesthetic education, it is advisable to outline its approximate content and determine specific requirements that correspond to the general tasks of education for children of different ages. This will avoid randomness, spontaneity, one-sidedness in the selection of methods and means, and will help teachers plan work in a certain sequence and see its ultimate goals.
Permeating many aspects of a child’s life, aesthetic education is closely related to the moral, mental, and physical development of children and is implemented in the main forms of organizing their activities: in play, activities, everyday life, work, holidays and entertainment. The program requirements also include cultural behavior skills - dressing and undressing carefully, maintaining cleanliness and appearance. These requirements also apply to physical development and the acquisition of cultural and hygienic skills. Also, aesthetic education is unthinkable without mastering basic norms of behavior.
In preschool childhood, an aesthetic attitude towards the environment manifests itself in unique forms, gradually, sometimes unnoticeably. Starting with accessible and simple ones, the requirements gradually become more complex. As a result of fulfilling the simplest requirements, young children develop a sense of rhythm, shape, and color.
In order to learn to understand the beauty in art and life, it is necessary to go a long way to accumulate elementary aesthetic impressions, visual and auditory sensations, and a certain development of emotional and cognitive processes is necessary.
Aesthetic perception of life phenomena is always individual and selective. It is based on an emotional response to beauty. A child always responds to the beautiful in nature, the objective world, art, and to the kind feelings of people. In this case, the child’s personal experience, his motivations, aspirations, and experiences are of great importance.
Diverse aesthetic activities require diverse knowledge from kindergarten teachers. In addition to professional training, the teacher should not forget about its aesthetic side. In everyday communication with children, adults must certainly treat them with respect and benevolence, their speech must be correct and expressive, the tone of the conversation is calm, and their appearance is attractive.
The culture of a child’s behavior depends to a decisive extent on the systematicity and consistency of requirements. By daily attracting children's attention to social life, the subject and natural environment, the teacher uses them for educational purposes.
Of particular importance in all activities for aesthetic development is a creative attitude towards everything that constitutes the content of the pedagogical process. This is where the art of education, the ability to identify the interests and abilities of each child, is most fully demonstrated.
It turns out that instilling in a child basic norms of behavior with adults and peers is not an easy task. After all, before going to school, a child must be able to take care of himself and follow the rules of school etiquette. The inability to communicate and find a common language with peers sometimes becomes an obstacle that is very difficult to overcome.
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Consultation for parents
Formation of rules of aesthetic behavior in children
Turns out, instilling in a child basic norms of behavior with adults and peers is not an easy task. After all, before going to school, a child must be able to take care of himself and follow the rules of school etiquette. The inability to communicate and find a common language with peers sometimes becomes an obstacle that is very difficult to overcome.
Parents want to see their child educated, responsive and friendly, because their child is the best and most well-mannered. And often, due to their parental love, they turn a blind eye to many things, justifying the actions of their children, and convincing themselves that they are still small...
The time comes and the former preschooler becomes a first-grader. And if by this moment he has not formed elementary norms and rules of ethical behavior, the child will have a hard time. Such unprepared children do not know how to say hello, apologize and ask about something; it is difficult for them to find a common language with their classmates.
And if from childhood we teach a child the basics of etiquette, then in the future he will grow up to be a well-mannered and educated person.
Preparation for school- this is a long process, and how well-mannered the child grows up largely determines his further successful education at school.
I bring to your attention games and game situations to teach a child politeness and culture of communication.
1. Act out a dialogue with your child about the culture of behavior between people of different professions. For example: between a friendly seller and a buyer, a teacher and a student, a doctor and a patient, a driver and a passenger. You can also include relationships between family members in the game: between a friendly grandmother and grandson, brother and sister, etc. Discuss together the popular proverb: “Don’t be obnoxious, but be friendly.”
2. The participants in the game take turns throwing the ball, saying polite words. The game can be complicated by offering to name, for example, only words of greeting, gratitude, etc. It is also possible for each player to repeat the words said by other participants before him, and then say his word.
3. Ask your child, using the norms of speech etiquette, to ask how to get to the zoo, swimming pool, metro, museum.
4. Suppose a child is often rude to adults, although you have repeatedly talked to him about this topic. Call one of the chairs in the apartment a “magic chair”, after sitting on which a person stops being rude. If the baby is still rude, ask him to sit on this chair for a longer time, listen to himself and try not to be rude anymore.
You can choose several “magic chairs” and call them the qualities that the child lacks. If difficulties arise, defuse the situation by asking your child to sit on the courtesy chair or the good manners chair.
5. Such a creative task will be interesting and educational for the child. Ask him to draw who a well-mannered person can be compared to. For example, with the sun, because every morning it kindly greets everyone. This game task can be repeated a little later, when your son or daughter grows up. Compare the work of a child of different years. If the task seems difficult for the child, do not be lazy to draw your own picture and tell us who well-mannered people remind you of.
6. Learn the proverb with your child: “Modesty suits everyone.” Think about this situation: what would a modest person do if he receives the most incredible things as a gift - a rocket, an airplane, a beautiful car, a chest of jewelry, a magic castle, etc.
7. If the child is not modest, come up with and together make a “decoration (beads, necklace) of modesty.” These can be beads made from acorns or other natural materials, etc. (the kid will offer many ideas). Explain that this is a magical decoration that teaches people modesty. Find a special place for it in the apartment, and if the child forgets about modesty, again offer to put it on and think about it.
8. Mom or dad explain the game situation: “There were polite words on the shelves in the store. Among them were words of gratitude (thank you, thank you, please); greetings (hello, good afternoon, good morning, good evening); apology (sorry, excuse me, very sorry); farewells (goodbye, see you later, good night). But suddenly the wind blew from the open door, all the words fell and got mixed up. We need to put them back on the shelves.”
To play the game, it is advisable to prepare cards with the indicated polite words.
9. Introduce your child to the proverb: “If you notice the good, you won’t look back at the bad.” Ask your son or daughter to close their eyes and remember all the good people in their life; everything good that ever happened to them; all the wonderful places they've ever been; actions that they can be proud of, etc.