666750-9453880
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"The origins of children's abilities and gifts are at their fingertips."
V.A. Sukhomlinsky
-761999-866775
-638175-866775 "The origins of children's abilities and gifts are at their fingertips."
V.A. Sukhomlinsky
Parents are often concerned about the question: how to ensure the full development of the child at preschool age? How to prepare him for school?
Scientists have found that the level of speech development is directly dependent on the degree of formation of fine finger movements. Based on the examination of children, the following pattern was revealed: if the development of finger movements corresponds to age, then speech development is within the normal range; if the development of finger movements lags behind, then speech development is also delayed.
Speech is improved under the influence of kinetic impulses from the hands, more precisely, from the fingers. Usually a child with a high level of development of fine motor skills is able to reason logically, he has sufficiently developed memory, attention, coherent speech.
A developed brain and an undeveloped hand is a completely natural phenomenon in a modern lifestyle. But the weak hand of a preschooler can and should be developed.
Tasks - games and exercises that promote the development of fine motor skills - are performed at a slow pace, first with one, then with the other hand, and at the end with both hands together. Adults monitor the correct setting of the child's hand and the clarity of switching from one movement to another. Instructions should be calm, friendly, precise. Each task has a name, is performed two or three times a day.
During classes, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the child, his age, mood, desire and capabilities. The main thing is that classes bring only positive emotions to children.
But skillful fingers do not become immediately. Games and exercises, finger warm-ups, carried out systematically - in kindergarten, at home, in the yard, during field trips will contribute to the development of the fingers.
The basic rule for the development of fine motor skills: work on the development of hand movements should be carried out regularly, only then the greatest effect will be achieved.
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We bring to your attention some finger games that we conduct with children in a group.
Goose
The goose stands and cackles,
He wants to pinch you.
Methodical instructions. The palm is bent at a right angle. The thumb is set aside a little down, the others are pressed against each other
Tree
The tree has a trunk
There are many branches on the trunk
And the leaves on the branches
Green color.
Methodical instructions. Press your palms with the back side to each other.
The fingers are splayed and slightly raised up. Move the hands and fingers.
Forest
Hello, forest, dense forest,
Full of fairy tales and wonders.
Methodical instructions. Raise both hands with palms facing you, fingers wide apart.
Basket
I take a basket to the forest
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And I put mushrooms in it.
-790575-647700 Methodological instructions. Palms on yourself, fingers interlaced, elbows spread apart - the palms "part" and gaps form between the fingers.
Ball
Inflate the balloon quickly.
He gets big.
Suddenly the balloon burst, the air came out -
He became thin and thin.
Methodical instructions. All fingers of both hands are “in a pinch” and touch with their tips. In this position, we blow on them, while the fingers take the form of a ball. The air "comes out", and the fingers take their original position.
Glasses
Grandma put on glasses
And my granddaughter saw it.
Methodical instructions. Draw glasses with thumb and forefinger.
Chair
Legs, back and seat
Here's a chair for you.
Methodical instructions. The left palm is straight up. The right one is attached to its lower part, clenched into a fist. (Thumb towards you). If the child easily performs this exercise, you can change the position of the hands.
704850-895350 Table
The table has four legs
Top cover, like a palm.
Methodical instructions. The left hand is clenched into a fist. The palm of the right hand is lowered on top of it. If the child easily performs this exercise, you can change the position of the hands
steamer
The boat is sailing on the river
And he puffs like an oven.
Methodical instructions. Both palms are placed on the edge, the little fingers are pressed. And the thumbs are raised up.
To train the fingers and hands, you can learn the following exercises with children
"Goat-dereza" - stretching the index finger and little finger, bend the rest.
"Click" - make a click with each finger of the right and left hand.
“Hello finger” - the fingers of the right hand alternately “hello” from the left (big with big, index with index, etc.)
"Merry little men" - index and middle fingers run around the table.
Bunny "- stretch up the index and middle fingers of the right hand; perform the same exercises with the fingers of both hands (“hares”).
"Wasp" - straighten the index finger of the right hand and rotate it with the same movements with the index finger of the left hand; perform the same movements simultaneously with the index fingers of both hands (“wasps”), etc.
In addition to finger gymnastics and finger games, children can be offered the following types of tasks that contribute to the development of fine motor skills:
unfolding buttons, grains, acorns;
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tying and untying knots from ropes of various thicknesses;
rewinding colored balls of thread;
playing keyboard instruments;
squeezing and unclenching porous sponges, squeezing a rubber bulb;
stringing beads, rings, buttons on a thread;
playing with small toys to develop tactile perception;
laying out figures, patterns from threads, sticks, etc .;
Here are some figures for laying them out of sticks:
House Fence Christmas tree Boat Steamboat
We wish you good luck!
V.A. Sukhomlinsky
Parents are often concerned about the question: how to ensure the full development of the child at preschool age? How to prepare him for school?
Scientists have found that the level of speech development is directly dependent on the degree of formation of fine finger movements. Based on the examination of children, the following pattern was revealed: if the development of finger movements corresponds to age, then speech development is within the normal range; if the development of finger movements lags behind, then speech development is also delayed.
Speech is improved under the influence of kinetic impulses from the hands, more precisely, from the fingers. Usually a child with a high level of development of fine motor skills is able to reason logically, his memory, attention, and coherent speech are sufficiently developed.
A developed brain and an undeveloped hand is a completely natural phenomenon in a modern lifestyle. But the weak hand of a preschooler can and should be developed.
Tasks - games and exercises that promote the development of fine motor skills - are performed at a slow pace, first with one, then with the other hand, and at the end with both hands together. Adults monitor the correct setting of the child's hand and the clarity of switching from one movement to another. Instructions should be calm, friendly, precise. Each task has a name, is performed two or three times a day.
During the exercise, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the child, his age, mood, desire and capabilities. The main thing is that classes bring only positive emotions to children.
But skillful fingers do not become immediately. Games and exercises, finger warm-ups, carried out systematically - in kindergarten, at home, in the yard, during field trips will contribute to the development of the fingers.
The basic rule for the development of fine motor skills: work on the development of hand movements should be carried out regularly, only then the greatest effect will be achieved.
We bring to your attention some finger games that we conduct with children in a group.
Goose
The goose stands and cackles,
He wants to pinch you.
Guidelines . The palm is bent at a right angle. The thumb is set aside a little down, the others are pressed against each other
Tree
The tree has a trunk
There are many branches on the trunk
And the leaves on the branches
Green color.
Methodical instructions. Press your palms with the back side to each other.
The fingers are splayed and slightly raised up. Move the hands and fingers.
Forest
Hello, forest, dense forest,
Full of fairy tales and wonders.
Methodical instructions. Raise both hands with palms facing you, fingers wide apart.
Basket
I take a basket to the forest
And I put mushrooms in it.
Methodical instructions. Palms on yourself, interlace your fingers, spread your elbows to the sides, the palms “part”, and gaps form between the fingers.
Inflate the balloon quickly.
He gets big.
Suddenly the balloon burst, the air came out -
He became thin and thin.
Methodical instructions. All fingers of both hands are “in a pinch” and touch with their tips. In this position, we blow on them, while the fingers take the form of a ball. The air "comes out", and the fingers take their original position.
Glasses
Grandma put on glasses
And my granddaughter saw it.
Methodical instructions. Draw glasses with thumb and forefinger.
Chair
Legs, back and seat
Here's a chair for you.
Methodical instructions. The left palm is straight up. The right one is attached to its lower part, clenched into a fist. (Thumb towards you). If the child easily performs this exercise, you can change the position of the hands.
Table
The table has four legs
Top cover, like a palm.
Methodical instructions. The left hand is clenched into a fist. The palm of the right hand is lowered on top of it.If the child easily performs this exercise, you can change the position of the hands
To train the fingers and hands, you can learn the following exercises with children
"Goat-dereza" - stretching the index finger and little finger, bend the rest.
"Click" - make a click with each finger of the right and left hand.
“Hello finger” - the fingers of the right hand alternately “hello” from the left (big with big, index with index, etc.)
"Merry little men" - index and middle fingers run around the table.
Bunny "- stretch up the index and middle fingers of the right hand; perform the same exercises with the fingers of both hands (“hares”).
"Wasp" - straighten the index finger of the right hand and rotate it with the same movements with the index finger of the left hand; perform the same movements simultaneously with the index fingers of both hands (“wasps”), etc.
In addition to finger gymnastics and finger games, children can be offered the following types of tasks that contribute to the development of fine motor skills:
unfolding buttons, grains, acorns;
tying and untying knots from ropes of various thicknesses;
rewinding colored balls of thread;
playing keyboard instruments;
squeezing and unclenching porous sponges, squeezing a rubber bulb;
stringing beads, rings, buttons on a thread;
playing with small toys to develop tactile perception;
laying out figures, patterns from threads, sticks, etc .;
Here are some figures for laying them out of sticks:
small house small fence Christmas tree Boat steamer
Probably, many mothers know that the development of attention, thinking, perception, speech and memory in babies directly depends on the flexibility and accuracy of finger movements, in other words, on fine motor skills.
Therefore, now we will consider how to develop fine motor skills in children with the help of improvised means. Moreover, you do not have to buy any special games.
First of all, any pediatrician advises all parents to periodically knead the baby's fingers, since it is on them that there are various active points that are directly related to the brain. But as children grow, so you need to move on to something more developing. To do this, take a tray of some saturated color and pour a thin layer of peas on it, then draw a line with your finger and the baby will most likely repeat this movement after you. Of course, this game is designed for very young children, but it is worth using it. Another educational game using beans or peas - pour them into a plate and give the baby a small plastic bottle in his hands. Then take one pea and throw it into the bottle. The kid should like this game, because the peas make a certain sound when they fall.
Let your child play with your hair, beads, buttons, feel clothes to develop tactile sensations. This will be a kind of preparation for real classes, you can start them from three to four months. Pour peas, beans, other cereals into a large bowl, lower the baby's arms there and move it a little. Let the baby try to take the cereal in a handful, clamp it in a fist, pour it out again. Change the grains periodically so that the child can feel that some of them are small, while others are large to the touch. When the child gets older, bury a few small toys in the grits - toys from Kinder Surprise, small cars or large shiny buttons will do. Let the baby dig through the groats, trying to find hidden toys. There are factory toys that help the child master the small movements of the hands and fingers: these are lacing, various frames and inserts, and large beads for stringing. Help the child master each of the toys, and when the child gets tired of using them for their intended purpose, come up with a new use for them: frames and inserts, for example, can be circled, and then shade the resulting outline. It’s good if the shading turns out to be of varying degrees of intensity: from pale, barely noticeable to bright, dark. Grid hatching is also useful. In all cases, the child needs samples, so you will have to shade. From a very early age, applications, modeling, drawing are available to the child. I talked about modeling techniques and making applications with kids in other articles. What can you say about drawing? You can draw with anything: paints, pencils, crayons, felt-tip pens, fingers. The last method is the most useful and accessible for young children. When drawing with wax crayons, it is better to break off a piece of a few centimeters from the chalk: the child will hold such a crayon in a bundle, which will be useful to him in the further development of the correct grip of writing instruments.
1. engage only when the child is in a good mood
2. do not try to get ahead of the real development of motor skills with gymnastics. (Parents often get carried away), and gymnastics is aimed at supporting, not ahead of, motor development.
It is known that children who are trained hard and children who are not trained at all still begin to do any movement at the same age.
And here is a game for learning the names of fingers:
For girls and boys,
There are 5 fingers on the hand (make a back and forth movement with brushes)
Big finger - a guy with a soul
(calling a finger, stroke it and pinch them from the base to the tips, bend it)
Index finger - powerful gentleman
The middle finger is also not the last
Ring finger - with a ring goes swagger,
Fifth - little finger, brought you a present.
Intended from a year to 5 years (in principle, it is possible from 3 months)
Try to do everything in your power to make the world of the child interesting and diverse, and the result will not be slow to tell!
Features of the organization of games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills For the development of fine and gross motor skills, it is recommended to perform exercises from practical life (borrowed from the system of Maria Montessori, an Italian teacher and doctor, 1870-1952). Remember a very important rule: all exercises must be performed in "both sides", that is, in turn with both hands.
Here is a sample list of them:
- Pouring water from glass to glass, from teapot to cup.
- The same, but on one glass make a mark to what level you can pour water, and pour obviously more water into the other glass.
- Water can be transferred from one container to another using a disposable syringe or sponge.
- Instead of pouring, the child can pour cereal from one container to another.
- Prepare frames with fasteners: With bows, laces, buckles, buttons, zippers, safety pins. Hooks, buttons, Velcro, etc. Be sure to show your child how to use fasteners, dividing each action into small steps.
- Cleaning of mirrors, metal, shoes. A small mirror should be powdered and the child should clean it with a dry cloth. Prepare a brass plate, a cloth and cleaning paste, the child should polish the plate. To clean shoes, you need to prepare a "dirty" shoe, a small shoe brush and shoe polish.
- Care of living plants indoors and outdoors (planting, loosening and watering).
- Sweeping the floor. To prevent the child's movements during this task from being chaotic, draw a small square on the floor or mark with insulating tape. Scatter something around it, such as apricot pits, and show the child how to sweep the garbage into the center of the square. After you have swept everything into one pile, give the child a scoop and a bucket to collect "garbage".
- Do not refuse your child if he wants to help you with laundry. Moreover, make him a dryer next to the radiator, and then help iron small things.
- Separation of bulk solids. Mix buckwheat and semolina in a bowl. Place another bowl next to it and place a strainer on it. Have your child spoon the mixture into the strainer and stir the mixture. When all the semolina is poured into a bowl, the child should pour the buckwheat from the strainer into a jar.
- A good exercise for developing coordination of movements is folding napkins along marked lines.
- Using a safe vegetable peeler, you can teach your child how to peel vegetables and fruits. Under your supervision, the child can try to cut them into pieces. It would be very good if the little cook would treat everyone present in the house.
- Washing dishes (whether real or toy) will also help develop coordination.
- If you have a hand mixer in your house, then prepare another exercise: pour some colored soapy water into a bowl, and let the baby whip up colored foam.
- Hang a bundle of viscose or woolen threads somewhere and teach your baby to braid braids.
- Pour water into a shallow bowl and throw in it either tennis balls or "shells" from a kinder surprise. Have your child scoop them out with a slotted spoon and place them on a plate.
- Cut pieces of foam rubber (the size of a sugar cube) and break corks (so that the pieces have jagged edges on purpose). Put it all in a plate, put another one next to it. Your baby will shift all this with tweezers. First, teach your child how to hold the tweezers correctly.
- Attach ordinary clothespins to the edges of the bowl. They will need to be removed and put back on again. Prepare plastic bottles of different sizes for water, shampoo, bubbles, perfume, etc., and let the child unscrew and screw on the corks, selecting according to the diameter.
- If you can find a piece of thick foam, you can give the baby a small hammer, wide-headed nails and allow them to be hammered.
- Your child will gain a good practical skill in cleaning a glass bottle with a "brush".
- For the smallest, we recommend a very simple exercise: pour ordinary peas into one bowl, and let the baby shift it first with the whole handful, then with a pinch, and finally with the index and thumb fingers into another bowl.
- Playing with the phone is a good activity.
- If you need to mix something (salad, dough), then connect the child to this work.
- Another game for the little ones: tear paper into the drawer together with the baby and hide a small toy. It will need to be found by touch.
- Working with paper is very important for a child. You need to teach him to fold and unfold, roll, twist, flip, crumple it.
- Place the chute at an angle and let the child roll the ball along it, after which the ball enters the basket.
- Put the collar on the table. The child must roll the ball through them.
- Making garlands, beads.
- Threading the braid into holes.
- Game "Catch a fish": make a fishing rod with a magnet on the end, and cut out fish from tin cans. The fish must be placed on a tray, and the child must use a fishing rod to transfer them to another tray.
Natalya Prudnichenkova
Why do some children speak better and others worse? For some reason, some notebooks have even rows of letters, while others have solid scribbles. It is difficult to give a definite answer. However, absolute most scientists believe that many successes of the child directly depend on the ability to work with their hands.
Famous teacher Sukhomlinsky said: “The origins of the abilities and talents of children are at their fingertips. The thinnest streams flow from them, which feed the source of creative thought. Others words: how more skill in a child's hand, the smarter the child."
It’s hard to disagree with Vasily Alexandrovich - the motor and speech centers in the brain are nearby, which means that the better developed fine motor skills, the more successfully speech will develop, and not only it. The child is yours temple What you put into it is what stays in it.
When to start developing fine motor skills of the child? The earlier the better. In Russian folklore, there are many examples of pestles, nursery rhymes, jokes, sentences that contribute to the development of hand and finger movements. Remember the good old "Magpie - white-sided", "Okay" or "horned goat". These seemingly simple amusements are very useful. There are many lesser known "rhymes". For example, "Family". In turn, we take each finger of the baby in our hand and begin to massage it with light movements. sentencing: “This finger is grandfather, this finger is grandmother, this finger is daddy, this finger is mommy. Well, this finger is me. That's my whole family." Finger games are not only learning and development, first of all it is a game. And the game is the main activity of children. When the child's fingers become more dexterous, the range of useful entertainment can be expanded - modeling from plasticine, clay or salt dough, drawing, folding puzzles, pictures from counting sticks, lacing, finger theater.
In stores now there is no shortage of educational games and manuals. However, having shown imagination, it is quite possible to get by with improvised materials.
An excellent effect is given by beans, peas, cereals "baths".
in a saucepan or big Pour dried peas, beans or buckwheat into a bowl. Then we hide among legumes or cereals small items: toys from "kinder surprise", details constructor or something else. The task of the child is to find and pull out funny figures.
You can make wonderful applications from beans. We put a simple drawing on a sheet of thick paper. For example, a tree, a man or a flower. Lubricate it along the contour with glue and glue the beans.
You can remember the lesson in which the hardworking Cinderella spent her days, and offer the child to help sort out the beans. We mix white and red grains and ask them to separate them by color and arrange them in separate jars.
And what a fascinating thing for a little fashionista of a fashionista will be making beads from pasta - rings or stars! They can be painted with gouache, dried and strung on a thread, or you can buy multi-colored ones in the store. The original decoration is ready.
Another opportunity to combine business with pleasure is finger painting. In addition to the main goal - the development fine motor skills such painting will help the little artist to calm down and relax.
Another way: pour semolina or flour on a beautiful tray. We distribute the bulk mass in an even layer and set about creating a picture. If the young painter doesn’t like something, you just need to shake the tray - and it’s clean again in front of him. "sheet", a new field for creativity.
Another type of finger painting is plasticine on cardboard. First, a sketch is applied to a dense sheet. Then you need to properly stretch the plasticine - and you can get to work.
And there is another interesting game with clothespins - multi-colored plastic and not too tight. We cut out blanks of various shapes from colored cardboard and invite the child to complete the work - attach clothespins of the corresponding color along the edges.
For example, turn a yellow cardboard circle into a sun with rays - yellow clothespins. The green triangle is herringbone with green spines. And from a gray blank you can make a hedgehog.
Didactic rugs develop not only fine motor skills of the hands, speech, attention, but also contribute to acquaintance (pinning) with the seasons, wild animals and their young, natural phenomena.
Development fine motor skills affects not only speech, but also memory, attention, thinking. As the physiologist I. P. Pavlov wrote, “Hands teach the head, then the wiser head teaches the hands, and skillful hands again contribute to the development of the brain.”
And all this, as you know, is relevant not only for children, but also for adults, especially the elderly. Those who want to remain of sound mind and solid memory until old age should hurry up to acquire a creative hobby to their liking. It can be knitting, macrame, beadwork, burning, origami, kusudama, quilling. Even if you just pick up a Rubik's cube more often at your leisure or put puzzles together regularly, you can keep a bright head for a long time. For hand massage use a needle ball -"Hedgehog". It must be shifted from hand to hand, massaging the fingers. The main thing is to exercise daily, spending at least 5 minutes a day on it. Rolling in the palms small ringing Chinese health balls made of metal or stone or sorting out the rosary, which are in abundance in any store of oriental goods, is also very useful because it calms the nervous system. Excellent finger massagers - walnuts and pine cones. Roll them between your palms for 3-4 minutes a day.
“The hand develops the brain. The brain, well arranged, stands more than a well-filled brain." (Michel de Montaigne)