What can babies 1 month. Newborn baby: development in the first month of life, infant behavior and care from birth. How to help your newborn learn important skills

The behavior of a newborn in the first weeks of life is just a chain of reactions to the rapidly changing sensations that the world around him bestows. The crumbs have instincts, reflexes, sense organs, but he has neither knowledge nor experience, he does not yet know that he is he, and not part of the world around him.

In his system of thinking, there is no cause and effect - events occur as if by themselves, independently of each other. Whether the child hears his own crying, whether he calms down by touching his mother's breast - everything in this world happens unexpectedly for him. Perhaps both crying and hunger disappear because mom came? Only after some time in the mind of the baby is a connection between these events built.

Gradually, the baby begins to intuitively feel safe, feeling close to a loved one. The day will come when you will feel that the child has ceased to be an unknown and unpredictable being for you. As soon as this happens, know that your baby has finally adapted to life outside the mother's body, he is no longer a newborn, he is a baby!

No one but the parents themselves is able to determine when this will happen. With the onset of this period, the child's confidence in you increases, and your self-confidence grows stronger. It is during these first weeks that a bond of love is formed between you and your baby. Throughout his life, the child will draw energy from them, and build relationships with the outside world on their basis.

Learning to understand each other

The period of infancy is the time when both the child and the parents adapt to each other. An integral part of this process is the self-regulation of the baby. He learns to independently regulate the degree of his activity, so as to smoothly move from a state of sleep to wakefulness and vice versa.

In the first weeks after the birth of a child, a lot of energy will go into helping your baby master these transitional states. During periods of wakefulness, the baby reacts to sounds, looks intently at faces and objects in front of him - his energy is directed to perceive information. It is at these moments that parents have the opportunity to engage and communicate with the baby.

However, too intense exercise can tire the child. If his mouth wrinkles, his fists clench, and he nervously moves his legs, then it's time to rest. Periods of activity and rest in the life of a little man should be interspersed. By properly organizing the daily routine, you will help your baby naturally move from one state to another.

After feeding, for example, you can hold it in an upright position, leaning against your shoulder, or, taking it in your arms, gently shake it. If the baby is screaming, help him calm down. But remember that each child needs an individual approach.

Some children calm down if their parents carefully take them in their arms or wrap them in a warm soft blanket. Others, on the contrary, are irritated by any restriction of freedom and calm down much faster when they are laid on a flat surface, without covering or preventing their movements.

Sounds, as well as movements, have a calming effect on children. Some people calm down faster when they hear the ticking of the clock, etc. Others respond better to quiet conversation, monotonous singing, or whispering. There are also children who like music - lullabies, recordings of classical pieces, etc.

There are two ways in which a child can communicate about his internal state - this is smiling and crying. In the first weeks of a baby's life, they appear as if by themselves and reflect the reaction to the physiological processes occurring inside his body.

A cry is a sign of discomfort or pain, a smile is evidence that the baby is calm and enjoying himself. Gradually, the balance begins to shift. Crying and smiling are more and more regulated by external factors, and as a result, the child begins, of course, still without words, to communicate with his parents.

The first wandering smile appears on the baby's face during sleep. At the age of two weeks, the newborn begins to smile not only in a dream, a smile can also be seen after feeding. By the third or fourth week, qualitative changes occur in the smile. The child already responds to the voice of the parents, establishes visual contact with them and, in the end, rewards adults with a completely conscious smile.

But if your baby, even despite the caring attitude of adults, is not easy to calm down, do not lose confidence in yourself. Remember that often the increased excitability of the baby depends on the internal physiological processes occurring in his body. Through trial and error, you gain experience and find your own ways to calm your son or daughter.

Motor skills of a child at 1 month

We tend to think that all newborns begin their development from the same starting point, but infants differ markedly from each other in terms of the level of physical activity. Some are surprisingly lethargic and passive, while others, on the contrary, show noticeable activity. If such a child is placed face down in the crib, he will slowly but stubbornly move towards the headboard until he hits the very corner.

Another important difference in newborns is the level of muscle tone. Some children look very tense: their knees are constantly bent, their hands are tightly pressed to the body, their fingers are tightly clenched into fists. Others are more relaxed, the muscle tone of their limbs is not so strong.

The third difference lies in the degree of development of the sensory-motor apparatus. It is very easy to unbalance someone: at any, even a slight noise, the baby shudders with the whole body, and his arms and legs begin to move randomly. And someone from birth seems to know how to put his hand in his mouth, and often does this to calm down.

Different levels of development of motor skills, muscle tone and sensory-motor apparatus, which are observed in newborns, reflect the peculiarities in the organization of the nervous system. Active, well-developed children with normal muscle tone are considered "lungs".

It is more difficult for parents of passive, lethargic babies, as well as for mothers and fathers of children with too intense muscle tone, which is observed at 1 month of age. Fortunately, thanks to the caring care and patience of their parents, most children overcome these difficulties and quickly catch up with their peers in their development.

I see, I hear, I feel...

A child is born with a certain set of reactions that help him adapt to the world around him. He squints his eyes when a bright light comes on or an object approaches his face. At a short distance, he can follow a moving object or a human face with his eyes.

The kid even shows certain preferences among what he sees. As a rule, babies are especially attracted to moving objects and combinations of black and white. By the way, to stimulate the development of vision, try walking at home in vests!

Also, the newborn has a wonderful hearing. Did you know that a child is able to distinguish a human voice from any other sound? However, despite the fact that a newborn can perceive sound and turn in the direction from which it comes, his visual and auditory systems are not coordinated enough.

If a child hears a noise that is directly in front of him, he will not instinctively look for it. It takes time to develop such coordination. Giving the baby the opportunity to get acquainted with objects that attract his attention both by their sight and by their sound, parents lay in the mind of the baby the basis for the ability to connect what they see with what they hear.

The newborn is available and other sensations. For example, he turns away from strong and pungent odors and reacts to all sorts of touches. While vigorous rubbing with a terry towel excites the baby, gentle massage can put him to sleep. The baby is especially pleased to feel the touch of human skin.

Activities with a 1 month old baby

Most of the time the newborn sleeps. Periods of active wakefulness, when he is ready to perceive new information, are rare and short-lived. Therefore, you should not plan classes with the baby in advance, just do not miss the opportunity.

When the child is awake, try to diversify his postures. Let him lie on his stomach for a while, then on his back or on his side. Being in different positions, the baby will learn to move his arms and legs. Enjoy the time you spend with your little one. Laugh and have fun with him.

Don't be afraid to spoil your child. Try to quickly fulfill his desires. If you give the baby enough attention when he needs it, he will not annoy you once again. First of all, the baby needs human warmth, so he loves to be picked up. If the child is rarely held, he may become lethargic and lethargic.

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The appearance of a new family member is always accompanied by both pleasant moments and brings a lot of trouble for caring parents. Particularly acute are issues related to the skills, abilities and other features of the development of a child in 1 month. Let's consider in more detail.

What can a newborn 1 month of life

Vision

A characteristic feature of the development of a child of 1 month is myopia. But this does not prevent the child from examining the face of his mother, close people, at a distance of up to 30-35 cm from eye level. Squinting of the eyes can also be a normal reaction, so the baby focuses her vision, but if such a symptom remains up to 3, 4 or older months, show it to the optometrist. At the 4th week of life, the baby is able to distinguish between contrasting pictures. For the development of vision, you can hang toys and bright objects above the crib.

Hearing

As for the development of hearing, at the very beginning of life it is poorly developed, although it will clearly hear a sharp and intense sound. The baby perceives high-frequency sounds especially positively, but in any case, the habit of talking in a gentle voice will have a beneficial effect on the development of the child. If there is no reaction to loud sounds and pops, consult a neonatologist.

Features of mental development

In the first month of development, the newborn retains all innate instincts - this is sucking, grasping and searching. If you touch the nipple to his small lips, they will form a bow. With a sharp clap, he will spread his arms and legs to the sides and bring them back, and lying on his stomach, he will perform, as it were, swimming types of movements. If you take the baby in your arms, he will show movements that imitate vertical walking.

A newborn of the 3rd week of development is able to copy the facial expressions of his relatives, and at the 4th week he tries to imitate speech, making snorting, as it were, squeaking sounds. For the development of speech and hand motor skills, you need to talk with the baby more often, supplementing with facial expressions and gestures. Sometimes you can listen to pleasant music. This will help develop hearing and vision, improve concentration and overall well-being of the child.

baby sleep

A newborn for 1 month stays awake for no more than an hour a day, but the older he gets, the longer this period of time becomes. As pediatricians note, in the first week of life, the period of wakefulness does not exceed 20-25 minutes, and the number of daytime dreams is 4-8 times, with a duration of 15 minutes to 3 hours.

Feeding: mother's milk and formulas

In the first month of life, the best food for a child is breast milk, it is its composition that covers all the body's needs for all nutrients. If it is impossible to breastfeed the baby, breast milk can be changed to milk formula. At the same time, doctors also admit the possibility of using a mixed feeding scheme, when, with a lack of breast milk, the child is fed with artificial mixtures.

How often should a newborn be breastfed? Breastfeeding experts advise breastfeeding as often as possible to stimulate lactation and develop the baby's tactile sensations. It is better to adhere to the position of a free feeding regimen, so to speak on demand.

Proper breast care

An important element of newborn care is bathing and hygiene. You need to bathe the baby once a day, the procedure itself is best done in the evening, before night feeding and sleeping. Wash your face more often (especially during the hot season), wipe your eyes and cut your nails - everything is quite simple and easy.

Important! Do not forget to change diapers regularly, and after each change, wash the baby, wiping dry - the skin should be clean and dry.

In the warm season - air baths are shown, when the baby can be undressed and put on a changing table (crib) - this is to give the opportunity to lie down without clothes. Regularly do wet cleaning, ventilate the rooms when the child is not in the room, and be sure to wash your hands before contact with the newborn - no one has canceled the norms of personal hygiene.

In the matter of bathing, this is not just a hygienic procedure, it is also a beneficial effect on the physical and emotional development of the child. Daily bathing improves the development of muscles, the vestibular apparatus, a sense of balance and improves the functioning of all internal organs and systems by stimulating blood flow and stabilizing pressure.

How to bathe a newborn in the first month of life? So that the child is not afraid, first wet the heels and hands. Start water procedures with a 15-minute stay in warm water, gradually increasing the bathing period to 35-40 minutes. As for the temperature regime, start the first bath with a water temperature of 36-38 degrees, gradually increasing its level by 1 degree every 4 days. But pediatricians advise practicing hardening no earlier than 5-6 months of life, after consulting with a pediatrician.

Massage and gymnastic exercises

Light and smooth massaging movements of the hands over the body will have a beneficial effect on the physical development and emotional state of the child. You can start a massage session from the 5th day after birth - the main thing at first is to exclude the umbilical cord area, until the latter drags on and heals.

At the 1st month of life, massage sessions should not exceed more than 5-10 minutes, gradually increasing them to 20 minutes. In the matter of the practice of physical exercises - such activities are necessary for the child and no less than feeding and sleeping. A set of exercises for a child can be developed individually by a doctor - but most often it can be flexion and extension of the legs and arms in the joints, bringing them together and breeding them to the sides.

Medical observations

The development of a child at 1 month is a responsible mission for each of the parents. In accordance with the program of medical supervision, the newborn is shown to the pediatrician. The doctor will measure height and weight, listen to the heartbeat, examine the neck and feel the abdomen.

In case of suspicion of congenital pathologies, an examination is carried out using ultrasound - the procedure is painless and safe. This approach will allow early detection of the disease and take appropriate measures. In addition, a biochemical and laboratory blood test, a study of urine and feces is carried out.

According to the plan, he is examined by a surgeon and a neuropathologist, as well as an orthopedist. If the state of health is satisfactory, a hepatitis B vaccine is given. Then follow-up vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria, poliomyelitis, tetanus is carried out - maintaining an interval of 30 days.

Possible problems and solutions

In the course of raising a monthly baby, moms and dads face a number of emerging problems:

1. Constant crying. The reasons are different - this is also a feeling of discomfort from the stiffness of movements with clothes, when the seam itself can press, and the fabric is unnatural and provokes allergies. Accordingly, it is advisable to choose all clothes for a newborn from natural, simple fabrics and put them on with the seam out. The desire to drink or eat - just feed him, give him water to drink and the child will immediately calm down. Another reason for baby crying can be the natural emptying of the stomach or bladder - just change the baby into clean, dry clothes.
2. diaper rash- one more problem. Unformed immunity provokes the appearance of diaper rash, and in the absence of proper care, it turns into pustules, presenting a more serious problem. To prevent such a problem, it is worth monitoring the condition of the child, washing him and changing diapers, preventing him from being in wet diapers for a long time.
3. Colic and swelling of the peritoneum. Make a light massage when gentle movements of the hand will stroke his tummy in a clockwise direction. In addition, to overcome excessive gaziki - often turn it over on your stomach for a few minutes 3-5 times a day. Teas, decoctions of dill and chamomile seeds will also help.
4. Dysplasia or underdevelopment of the hip joint is a common pathology. You can avoid it by swaddling on a special table, using the wide swaddling method. Let him lie down on the table, leaving him in the frog position - this position is natural for him.

What to pay special attention to?

1. Heavy breathing with an open mouth, a stuffy nose and a runny nose - inspect the nose and airways, clean them, and if the symptoms do not go away, show it to the doctor.
2. Pustular rashes all over the body filled with a yellow liquid, diarrhea in a child interspersed with pus or blood - this indicates a possible inflammatory process occurring in the body.
3. If the umbilical cord does not tighten (remains wet), loss of appetite, apathy, weight loss and the parents do not see the reasons for such changes, be sure to show the newborn to the pediatrician on duty.

In the 1st month after birth, the baby loses some weight, and this phenomenon cannot disturb parents. The well-known doctor Komarovsky considers this physiological process inside the body to be a normal phenomenon. As they grow older, the newborn will only add kilograms and fully develop.

It would seem that one month is a very short period, but for a baby it is a whole life milestone, marked by a number of important changes, the acquisition of new skills. When a child is 1 month old, parents should make every effort not only to properly care for him, but also to develop his physical and psychological abilities.

1 month old baby - weight and height

One of the main issues that worries almost all young mothers is how much a newborn gains in the first month of life. If in the first week most babies lose weight (by about 10%), which is associated with the presence of an additional supply of fluid in the body when they are born, then weight gain begins subsequently. At 3-4 weeks of life, under conditions of adequate care, nutrition and the absence of pathologies, weight increases rapidly and stably - by 15-30 g daily.

How much a baby weighs at 1 month depends on its initial birth weight, which increases by about 600-1000 g over a thirty-day period, sometimes a little more. It is worth noting that with artificial feeding, babies gain weight faster. According to the standards of the World Health Organization, the average weight of a child at 1 month is:

• for girls - 4.2 kg;
• for boys - 4.5 kg.

As for the growth of one-month-old babies, this parameter increases by 3-4.5 units, and the average norms are considered to be:

• for girls - 53.7 cm;
• for boys - 54.7 cm.

1 month old baby - development

The nervous system of the baby is still at the initial stage of formation, but he already knows a lot, and the development of a child at 1 month is at an accelerated pace. It is very important that parents realize that one-month-old babies are full-fledged participants in everything that happens and are sensitive to the emotional background reigning around. That is why if there are calm, joyful mom and dad nearby, the child feels comfortable, and if someone is irritated and angry, the baby becomes anxious and cries.

What does a 1 month old baby know?

In order for the baby to adapt to the world around him and prepare for conscious movements, nature endowed him with important reflexes. In a healthy baby, they are clearly manifested, and if desired, parents can check them (in this case, the child should not be hungry, tired, wet). Consider the main reflexes inherent in a child at 1 month old:

1. sucking- if any object (nipple, nipple) gets into the baby's mouth, he begins to make rhythmic sucking movements.
2. Search- with a gentle touch on the cheek and corners of the baby's mouth, he pulls out the lower lip and begins to look for the mother's breast.
3. Top protective- if the baby is laid down on his stomach, he immediately turns his head to one side.
4. Prehensile- the baby involuntarily squeezes his hand into a fist and firmly holds the finger put into his palm.
5. Crawl reflex- when you touch the soles of the baby with a palm in a position on the tummy, he will try to push off, as if making an attempt to crawl.
6. Automatic gait reflex- when holding the crumbs vertically and approaching his feet to a solid support, he will begin to make movements with his legs, resembling walking.

Studying the behavior of a newborn in the first month of life, you can easily learn to understand his needs and desires. Crying is still the only way to communicate with adults, but an attentive mother may notice that it is not always the same, but has different intonations, volume, and so on. So, if the baby does not see anyone nearby, but needs to communicate, is bored, his crying is characterized by the fact that it sounds for several seconds with short pauses. Hungry crying often gradually gains volume, and crying from pain is monotonous, uninterrupted, with periodic intensification of the cry.

What many kids already know at this age:

• keep the head on weight for a few seconds when shifting to the tummy;
• react to surrounding sounds (blinks or flinches at sharp sounds, listens to the ringing of a bell, turns his head towards the sounds);
• recognize mother's voice;
• during feeding, focus on the mother's face, examine stationary and smoothly moving objects at a distance of 20-30 cm;
• distinguish bright monochromatic colors;
• smile consciously when seeing familiar faces;
• try to repeat the facial expressions of your "interlocutor";
• pronounce "gurgling", sniffling and guttural sounds, "respond" to an appeal to him.

During wakefulness, the baby makes uncoordinated movements with arms and legs, which is associated with the physiological hypertonicity of its muscles, which often disappears by the fourth month of life. Favorite position in a dream is the "frog pose" - lying on your back, bent arms raised up, bent legs moved apart. When the baby lies on his stomach, his knees are pulled up to his chest, his arms are bent at the elbows.

Toys for children in 1 month

When a child turns 1 month old, the development of his psychological abilities and motor skills can already be improved through toys. These should be safe and beneficial items that develop tactile sensations, visual and auditory perception:

• a mechanical carousel attached to the crib with soft music and a small number of different toys in soothing colors;
• rattles that can be held in the handle;
• soft rattle bracelets on a leg or handle;
• toys attached to an elastic band (color and black and white).

You can put small toys, laces with knots, ribbons into the handles of the baby. Having drawn black and white geometric shapes, a smiling or sad face on cardboard, it is useful to let him examine such images. In addition, it is important at this age to tell the crumbs rhymes, short tales, and sing songs. You should often take him in your arms, talk, commenting on your actions, name the objects around.

Nutrition for a 1 month old baby

Feeding a one-month-old baby is the most important ritual, necessary not only for its saturation, but also for close tactile contact with the mother, giving the baby psycho-emotional comfort. Without a doubt, breastfeeding a month-old baby is the most useful, in which the baby's body receives a maximum of valuable substances, and all the senses are also stimulated.

Breastfeeding at 1 month

Often, when the child is 1 month old, the mother has already established, and feeding takes place according to the established schedule or on demand. It is important to support night feedings to the same extent, which guarantee stable lactation and obtain the most valuable components with milk, which are produced only at night. How much a breastfeeding baby should eat at 1 month depends on his needs, and pediatricians advise letting babies regulate the duration of breastfeeding themselves.

Artificial feeding at 1 month

Feeding a one-month-old baby with a mixture is used when the mother does not produce milk or, for some reason, the baby cannot or does not want to drink milk. If you had to suddenly stop breastfeeding and switch to artificial, the selection of a suitable mixture should be discussed with your doctor. When feeding with a mixture, it is advisable to place the crumbs in the same way as with natural feeding, without depriving him of bodily contact. It must be remembered that the amount of the mixture must be dosed. When a child is 1 month old, the daily food intake is a fifth of his weight.

Mixed feeding at 1 month

This type is practiced when there is reduced lactation, a lack of nutrients in milk due to a violation of the health of the mother, if it is necessary to introduce therapeutic mixtures for the baby. In this case, it is important how much a child eats at 1 month, for which they are weighed before and after feeding. The lack of milk is filled with an artificial substitute, which is desirable to offer from a spoon, a syringe without a needle, a pipette.

Baby routine at 1 month

The first month of a newborn's life, like the next few, mostly passes in a dream, but you can already begin to gradually accustom him to natural biorhythms. To do this, it is recommended to play and talk with him during the day, and not to allow excessive activity at night. By the end of 1 month, the baby will be awake longer and sleep better at night.

How much does a 1 month old baby sleep?

Sleep at 1 month is irregular and mostly consists of a phase of shallow REM sleep, which is why babies can wake up as suddenly as they fall asleep. The average daily sleep duration is approximately 18-20 hours, while periods of wakefulness last about 30-60 minutes. In the daytime, the baby often sleeps 5-8 times. Mom is recommended to sleep 1-2 times a day with the baby in order to restore her strength.

Walks at 1 month

In the first month of life, it must certainly include walks in the fresh air. In good weather and in warm and cold seasons, you should go outside two to three times a day. The minimum time in the air required for hardening the crumbs, saturating his body with oxygen, and producing it is 1.5 hours a day. Using a stroller for walking, while awake, you should sometimes hold the baby in your arms, allowing him to examine everything around him.

: weight and height

Newborn at 1 month life is gaining about 600 g, i.e. every new day brings the crumbs an additional 20 g of weight. This is somewhat less than in the following months, since during the very first week of life, all healthy children necessarily “lose” in weight, they have a phenomenon of weight loss (on average, the baby loses weight by 5–8% of the initial weight). The reasons for this are the release of a rather large amount of original feces (meconium) and the intake of a relatively small amount of milk in the first days of life while expending a significant amount of energy. It is interesting that children born at term (i.e., at full-term pregnancy), but having a small body weight, can gain it more intensively in the first month, as if catching up with their initially more well-fed peers. But premature babies gain weight more slowly. The growth of the baby in the first month increases by an average of 3 cm.

Newborn at 1 month: how long to walk

Length of time outdoors newborn 1 month old life is determined by the weather. In the summer, they begin to walk with the baby almost from the next day after being discharged from the maternity hospital. Walks start from 20-30 minutes, their duration gradually increases, reaching about a week after the baby is discharged 1.5-2 hours, i.e. walks can take almost the entire time between feedings.

Staying is considered optimal in good weather with newborn 1 month outdoor life at least twice a day. In the cold season, the baby is allowed to adapt at home for 2-3 days, and then he is also “taken out”. Of course, paying attention to the air temperature (not lower than -10 ° C), the absence of a sharp wind. They start walking from 10 minutes, gradually increasing the time spent on the street to 30-40 minutes and even 1 hour, depending on weather conditions.

Newborn 1 month: baby sleep

Dream newborn 1 month old life takes about 18 hours a day. Relatively speaking, a child of this age wakes up mainly only to eat. The wakefulness itself is rather short, limited to 15-20 minutes. It is not as active as in the following months of life, and, as a rule, precedes feeding. It is common for a one-month-old baby to fall asleep immediately after eating or even during feeding. Of course, the baby can wake up between feedings. As a rule, this happens when there is a “weighty” reason - a wet diaper, an uncomfortable position, a loud sound that wakes up the baby.

reflexes

Newborn 1 month old life is inherent in all unconditioned physiological reflexes that are "innate". The pediatrician, examining such a baby, checks how well the baby grabs the finger, pushes off with the feet from the palm in the supine position, leans on the feet with support in an upright position and other reflexes. In general, the child still lacks coordination of movements, they are chaotic.

By the end 1 month old newborn, lying on his stomach, is able to hold his head up for a short time. In addition, there should be a short-term fixation of the gaze on a bright toy. By this time, the baby may begin to smile when addressed affectionately.

stool and urination

In the first days of life, the frequency of urination is small - from 1–2 on the first day to 8–15 on the 5th day. By the end of the first month, the baby can urinate 20-25 times a day. Rare urination in the first days of life is associated with the peculiarities of the work of the baby's kidneys, which are not yet quite functionally mature. Yes, and the amount of fluid consumed in the early days is small.

Chair newborn 1 month old life is very variable in frequency and character. In the first 1-2 days, a thick greenish-brown stool called meconium is excreted. Then there is a fairly frequent, up to 6-8 times a day, changeable in nature (with greenery, mucus, undigested lumps) transitional stool. After 7–10 days of life, the stool in the baby is yellow, mushy, and has a sour smell. The frequency of defecation is from 3 to 5-8 times a day.

In "artificial" children, stools are usually rarer - on average 3-4 times a day. If the baby receives mother's milk, which is very well absorbed, episodes of stool retention for 1-2 days can also be normal, not accompanied by bloating, regurgitation or anxiety of the crumbs.

baby food

As already said, 1 month newborn as a whole represents the time of adaptation of the child to extrauterine existence. This also applies to nutrition. A breastfed baby usually does not have a clear feeding schedule. The baby eats as often as he wants. This is the free feeding regime. During the day, a child of the first month of life is applied to the breast on average 8–12 times. If the baby requires the breast more often, do not rush to panic. The baby is still developing its own feeding regime, it is quite possible that they will be more streamlined after a while. It should be remembered that by demanding the breast often, the child not only receives drops of invaluable mother's milk, but also satisfies his sucking reflex, which is very important for his proper neurological development.

A bottle-fed baby should receive an adapted mixture 8 times a day at regular intervals in the first 2 weeks of life. At the age of over 2 weeks, the child is allowed (but not required) to take a night break, i.e. the frequency of feeding is 7 times a day with a 6-hour night rest. Usually, such children are offered a small amount of water as a drink between feedings 1-2 times a day.

The calculation of the required daily amount of the adapted mixture for the baby of the first 7–10 days of life is carried out according to the following formula: 80хn or 70хn, where n is the day of the child's life. If the weight of the baby at birth was more than 3200 g, use the first version of the formula, if less - the second. The resulting value is divided by the number of feedings, thus calculating the required one-time volume of the mixture.

After 10–14 days, the baby eats food per day, equal in volume to 1? /? 5 of its mass.

vaccinations

While still in the maternity hospital, the baby manages to normally receive 2 vaccines - against hepatitis B (on the 1st day of life) and tuberculosis (on the 3rd–7th day). In the clinic newborn at 1 month only those babies who are at particular risk are vaccinated against hepatitis B again (if their mothers are carriers of the hepatitis B virus, or are sick with hepatitis B, or had this disease shortly before childbirth). Children should also receive a second dose of hepatitis B vaccine at 1 month if there are virus carriers or patients with acute or chronic hepatitis B in their home environment.

Which doctors should be visited

At 1 month, the child goes to the children's clinic for the first time. In addition to the pediatrician, according to the recommendations of the current order, the baby should be examined by a neurologist, a pediatric surgeon and an orthopedic traumatologist. If there is evidence, the list of specialists who examine the child at 1 month can be expanded. For example, a baby may be consulted by an ophthalmologist or cardiologist.

Necessary examinations

Newborn at 1 month subject to mandatory ultrasound examination to detect pathology of the hip joints (their dysplasia, congenital dislocation). In addition, ultrasound of the brain (neurosonography - NSG) and ultrasound of internal organs (most often - abdominal organs, kidneys) are performed. According to the current examination standards, at the age of one month, each baby needs to do an electrocardiogram - an ECG (graphic display of the biopotentials of a beating heart).

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In this article we will discuss what should be the development of a child at 1 month. These are special thirty days in the life of the baby and his parents. The little man learns this world, learns to live in it, actively adapts to it. A newborn suffers such stress that even the strongest adult could not dream of. In a short time, a helpless and defenseless baby needs to survive a very painful birth. The type of environment in which it is located, the type of blood circulation and nutrition are changing. Therefore, parents in the first month of their child's life should be extremely attentive and careful. Of course, it is not easy for parents, especially mothers. She will have to sleep deprived for many days, forget about herself and her needs, because her life will focus only on this little crumb. In about a week, the puffiness of the newborn will go away from the face, the baby will become more beautiful every day. It takes 1 month to finally adapt to the environment.

Reflexes of the newborn

Realizing the seriousness of the situation, parents will ask, what should be the development of a child at 1 month, so that everything is normal and does not cause concern? A child comes into this world with a sufficient set of reflexes that cannot but surprise. What does a 1 month old baby know? For example, if you touch his lips, he will pull them out with a tube and be ready to suck. If you drop something sweet on your tongue, it will start to smack, as if from pleasure. It also actively reacts to stimuli. If you give him something bitter or sour in his mouth, he will begin to frown. If you knock sharply and loudly, then the baby will turn in the direction from which he heard the sound, will actively listen and wrinkle his forehead. A newborn unmistakably recognizes his mother by the characteristic smell of milk and by the intonations of her voice. In a healthy newborn, grasping and grasping should be developed. To check the latter, you need to gently press on the pad of the baby's foot. After a short time, the fingers should tighten.

What can a baby at 1 month apart from reflexes

1. The child should be able to raise his head, albeit for a fairly short time.
2. Freely move arms and legs, rotate the back.
3. To make sounds (to roar).
4. To examine an immovable object, to respond with a conscious smile to what is pleasant for him.
5. Distinguish sounds and the most basic colors of the spectrum.
6. Knowing your mom is the main skill that a newborn baby should have, 1 month is more than enough time for this.

Daily routine of a newborn baby

Regular meals, washing, communication, caress, sleep, walks. All this is the regimen of a child at 1 month. But does it have to be strictly followed? Opinions of pediatricians have recently been divided on this issue. And how can a confused mother be in this situation, if even doctors cannot make a single decision? It all depends on how the development of the child proceeds at 1 month, and on the conditions around him. There are families in which grandmothers and other relatives help young parents. Then you can forget about the strict regime of the day. But if the mother is alone in caring for and educating, then a strict daily routine will help her do everything and not fall exhausted by the evening.

Examination of the child by medical workers

In the coming days after the arrival of the mother and child from the maternity hospital, the district doctor and the nurse on duty must come for a scheduled examination. They can and should ask any questions, absolutely not embarrassed. Answering them is their immediate professional task. Most often, medical workers are asked about physical and physiological indicators. Mom wants to know if the development of the child is proceeding correctly at 1 month. The doctor will answer these questions and then proceed to examine the newborn. It is imperative to show what the child is doing at 1 month, at least at the level of reflexes.

Indicators of physical development

What should be the normal indicators of physical development, what should an infant at the age of one month have? Head circumference - 34-35 centimeters. The average height of a child at 1 month is 49-50 centimeters. Chest girth - 33-34 centimeters. in 1 month should be from 3,300 to 3,500 kilograms. These numbers are pretty average. It is far from a fact that every newborn child at 1 month old should fit under them. If parents are concerned about any discrepancies, they should consult with a nurse or physician.

The need for attention

Proper care and normal development must first of all be accompanied by attention from the parent. The child should be given maximum time, as often as possible to pick him up and talk to him. And even if he still does not understand what is at stake, you can just say something in a calm, quiet voice. The baby will be calmer from this, he will get used to the voice of his mother, which in the future will serve for his formation of correct speech and the development of the speech apparatus.

You need to approach the child at his first call. No need to listen to grandmothers and neighbors who say that you can’t take a child in your arms and thereby make him an egoist. This opinion is fundamentally wrong! The less attention paid to the child, the more nervous he will be, much more screaming and demanding attention. And if the child is sure that his mother will come to him immediately, then he himself will be calmer. Do not be afraid if the child screams. A young mother immediately begins to think that he is ill or that something hurts. But in most cases, the child is just wet, it needs to be changed - and the screams will subside. Or the time for feeding comes, and the child demands food with his cry. Or maybe he just missed his mother and wants to see her.

Nutrition for a 1 month old baby

Often the question arises about feeding, what to feed and how to do it right. Of course, no one will argue that breastfeeding is optimal for the baby and the best for his health. The modern market now offers a large number of artificial formulas for feeding almost from the first day of life. Manufacturers make sure that they are enriched with vitamins, minerals and other incredibly useful supplements. But this mixture is only suitable for nutrition, this is where its function ends. Mother's milk is unrivaled here, as it also contains antibodies that prevent the occurrence of diseases and infections in the baby. No mixture can artificially reproduce this. Breastfeeding is incredibly important psychologically, it helps to bring mother and child even closer.

Difficulties with breastfeeding

But some babies refuse to breastfeed right from birth. In such a situation, you need to consult with a specialist again. Perhaps it's the wrong shape of the nipples or they are too tight. There are cases when a mother holds her breast incorrectly during feeding. Rarely the problem lies in the fact that the child is simply phlegmatic and lazy. He falls asleep and does not make active sucking movements. Such a child needs to be constantly disturbed and encouraged to feed.

Also, do not exclude such a specific situation as smell. The child may simply not like the smell of milk. Perhaps the mother ate something smelly. Onions, garlic, herbs or some kind of seasoning. If such a problem is observed, then these products must be consumed with great care. At least for the first time, it is worth excluding from the maternal diet those foods that can provoke allergies. These are chocolate, red berries, citrus fruits. Feeding itself usually fits in 15-20 minutes. In the first days, until this process is debugged, it can be delayed for a longer time. On average, a child needs to be fed 7 times a day. If the child weighs little, then nutrition should be carried out more often.

Doctors unanimously recommend feeding the baby as needed. But this does not mean that feeding should be erratic. On the contrary, you need to draw up a clear schedule for them, this will help improve digestion, and simply make the baby feel good. But if the child wanted to eat before the allotted time, you should not listen to his howls, you need to feed the baby as soon as possible.

What is the optimal amount of food for a newborn?

Parents are often worried about the question, how much does a child eat in 1 month? Some parents complain that the baby cannot come off the breast or bottle, others believe that the baby eats too little. The best thing in such a situation is to look at the well-being and condition of the child. If he is healthy and happy, then everything is in order, no matter how much he eats. After feeding, the child should not be put on his back, he may choke when spitting up. When asked how much a child eats in 1 month, doctors do not give a definite answer.

Toys

The baby spends a lot of time in the crib. Lazy children in the first months of life can sleep about 20 hours a day! As soon as parents bring a child from the hospital, the question arises of which toys to choose for a newborn bed. Usually grandparents, friends of parents and other relatives already have time to give a lot of rattles. However, a child does not need such an abundance at all, especially a small one. What are the main criteria for choosing a toy for a crib for newborns? They should not be very heavy, made of environmentally friendly materials. As for the color scheme, it is better to choose a calm range of shades, but quite saturated.

Hanging rattles are very popular among toys for newborns. The child will not yet play with them, but will learn to distinguish colors, hone grasping skills. Recently, such toys have been made with musical accompaniment. If you give a child such a toy, then the melody should be very soothing, calm and in no case loud - this can scare the baby. Of course, it is worth remembering that toys, before giving them to a baby, must be thoroughly washed and disinfected.

How does a child develop by months up to 1 year

In the first year of life, a doctor and a nurse will visit the child as planned. This is done in order to track the development of the child by months up to 1 year and make sure that it is going correctly. If necessary, the doctor gives a referral for examination and consultations with narrow specialists. By age 1, a child should be able to:

• squat;
• independently get up from them for walking;
• walk, step over obstacles in its path;
• crouch to pick up an object that has fallen to the floor.

He is actively involved in what directly concerns him (personal hygiene, dressing). Drinks from a mug, holds a spoon, chews solid food. By this age, food preferences are already formed. The kid does not eat what he does not like. Needs the presence of parents, can express his desire with the most primitive words “give”, “go”, “no” and so on, understands what they are talking about, can call an adult, mom, dad and others. The development of a child by months up to 1 year is a purely individual process. You can not fit all children under the same norms and standards. Your baby may not go by the year, but then his vocabulary will have more words than expected. In any case, do not panic. Moreover, the pediatrician will always tell you what to do. You will only have to follow all the instructions and rejoice at every achievement of your child, and most importantly, love him.