Arguments on the issue of FATHERS AND CHILDREN:
I. S. Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons"
The work clearly shows the problem of relationships between two generations. The “fathers” are brothers Nikolai and Pavel Kirsanov and the “children” are Arkady Kirsanov, the son of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov, and Evgeny Bazarov, Arkady’s friend. Students share the same views as nihilists who reject generally accepted values. The older generation remains faithful to generally accepted morals. The conflict reaches the point of fierce debate and ends in a duel between Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Over time, Arkady realizes that his worldview does not coincide with the nihilistic teachings of Bazarov and abandons them, starts his own family and returns to his father’s estate.
N.V. Gogol. "Taras Bulba"
Father tries to give Ostap and Andrey a good education and prepares them to be real Zaporozhye Cossacks defending their country. Andrei does not live up to the expectations placed on him and, having fallen in love with a Polish girl, betrays his homeland. Despite his father's love, Taras Bulba cannot forgive his son and kills him. Taras is proud of his eldest son Ostap, who selflessly fought in battle with the Poles.
A. S. Pushkin. "Captain's daughter"
Andrei Petrovich Grinev, sending his son Peter to Orenburg to serve, gives the correct parting words to the 17-year-old boy: “Take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age.” For a young man, the words of his father are the main and most important life and moral guideline. In the most difficult conditions, situations threatening him with death, the son retains his honor. It is very important for Peter not to betray his father and homeland. This is a vivid example of upbringing, when a parent’s guidance helps a child learn real moral values.
A. S. Pushkin. "The Station Agent"
A story about the selfless love of parents for their children. Station warden Vyrin doted on his only daughter, the beautiful Duna, who committed an immoral act by running away from her parents' house with the hussar Minsky. The old man followed his daughter on foot to St. Petersburg to find her. At one point he managed to see Dunya, but the meeting greatly upset him. The richly dressed girl, looking at her father, fainted, and Minsky drove the old man away. After returning home, the old man quickly died of melancholy. After a while, the narrator learned that a young lady had arrived with three youngsters and lay for a long time on the caretaker’s grave.
N. V. Gogol “Dead Souls”
Chichikov carried the advice to “save a penny” throughout his life. More than anything else, he was afraid of being left without money or without the patronage of rich people. Over time, fear turns into mania. Vices - lies, hypocrisy and deception become the keys that open the doors to wealth. At school, Chichikov realized that people love helpful people, how you can first earn trust, and then betray them at the most inopportune moment. His comrade called him “the seller of Christ,” because the hero can sell everything for a certain price. The harmful influence of his father and poverty made Chichikov the way he is described in the work “Dead Souls”. There is an implicit conflict here that answers the question of why the hero became such a person. Chichikov is simply constantly trying to prove to his father that he has surpassed him.
K. G. Paustovsky. "Telegram"
Katerina Petrovna loved her daughter Nastya very much, who worked as a secretary at the Union of Artists in Leningrad and for years did not find time to come and visit her mother in the village of Zaborye. Even the woman’s letter that she had been feeling very bad lately and would not live to see spring, the heroine did not take with due attention and preferred to participate in organizing an exhibition of paintings and not respond to it. Only a telegram with a message that her mother is dying makes Nastya think that Katerina Petrovna is the only one who truly loves her. The girl goes to Zaborye, she did not find her loved one alive, which she later bitterly regretted, realizing her guilt before the person most dear to her.
I. A. Goncharov “Oblomov”
The novel clearly observes the influence of fathers on the fate of their children. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov repeated exactly the fate of his ancestors - unhurried, monotonous, despite the circumstances and time, which were not conducive to such a life. Laziness and fear of change appeared due to improper upbringing and affect his entire future life. It was because of them that the hero lost his beloved. The opposite of Oblomov is his best friend Andrei Ivanovich Stolts, raised in a hardworking, educated family, as a result of which he grew up to be a purposeful and successful young man who achieved fame in the highest circles of society. The generation of “fathers” doomed the “children” to an idle and meaningless existence in the world.
The novel “Fathers and Sons,” written by I.S. Turgenev in the second half of the 19th century, has not lost its relevance today. The conflict between the main characters of the novel is a vivid example of disputes between generations of the 60s of the 19th century. But the problem of “fathers and sons” is still relevant today. It is acutely relevant to people who belong to different generations. The generation of “fathers” tries to preserve everything that they believed in, what they lived with all their lives, sometimes not accepting the new beliefs of the young, strives to leave everything in their place, strives for peace. “Children” are more progressive, always on the move, they want to rebuild, change everything, they do not understand the passivity of their elders. The problem of “fathers and sons” arises in almost all forms of organization of human life: in the family, in the work team, in society as a whole. The characters argue about poetry, art, philosophy. Bazarov amazes and irritates Kirsanov with his cold-blooded thoughts about the denial of personality and everything spiritual. Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, admires nature and loves art.
The disputes between Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov play a huge role in revealing the main contradictions of the eras. They have many directions and issues on which representatives of the younger and older generations do not agree.
The work “Woe from Wit”, A.S. Griboyedov
“The apple does not fall far from the tree,” says an old Russian proverb. Indeed, each subsequent generation inherits from the previous one not only material values, but also basic ideological and life principles. When the principles developed by the “past century” are not accepted by the “present century”, a generational conflict arises. This conflict is not always of an age nature.
Sometimes it even happens that representatives of two different generations have the same outlook on life. Let us remember Famusov from the work “Woe from Wit” by A.S. Griboedov. How he admires his uncle Maxim Petrovich! He fully shares his views, strives to imitate him and constantly sets an example for young people, in particular Chatsky: And uncle! What is your prince? what's the count? Serious look, arrogant disposition. When you need to help yourself, And he bent over...
Sophia also shares the views of the older generation. Isn’t her attitude towards Chatsky an indicator? Let us remember how Famusov reacts to his speeches exposing the worthlessness, vulgarity and ignorance of secular society: “Ah! My God! he is a carbona-ri!... A dangerous man! “Sophia had a similar reaction: “Not a person, a snake.” It is quite understandable why she preferred Molchalin, “wordless” and quiet, to Chatsky, who “gloriously knows how to make everyone laugh.”
Novel “The Captain's Daughter”, A.S. Pushkin
People inherit not only bad things from their parents, but also good things. Let us remember Pyotr Grinev from A.S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter”. His family had high ideas about honor and duty, which is why his father attached so much importance to the words: “Take care of honor from a young age.” And as we see, for Grinev, honor and duty are above all. He does not agree to swear allegiance to Pugachev, does not make any compromises with him (refuses to make a promise that he will not fight against the rebels), preferring death to the slightest deviation from the dictates of conscience and duty.
In Pushkin’s story “The Station Warden,” the protagonist’s daughter Dunya ran away to St. Petersburg with a passing hussar. Her father was very worried about her, about her future. In his own way, he wished Dunya happiness. In this case, the conflict between father and daughter lies in different understandings of happiness.
The story “The Miserly Knight”, A.S. Pushkin
Money, as we know, has a detrimental effect on the human soul. Under their influence, relationships between people, even between relatives, change. The thirst for money, the desire for profit, stinginess and constant fears for one’s capital - all this causes the impoverishment of the human soul and the loss of the most important qualities: conscience, honor, love. This leads to misunderstanding in the family and to the fragility of family ties. Pushkin showed this perfectly in “The Stingy Knight”: money separated the old baron and his son, stood in the way of their rapprochement, shattering the hope for mutual understanding and love.
There are no similar entries.
- Misunderstanding between generations arises due to differences in worldviews
- Parents' advice means a lot to children
- A person’s attitude towards his parents can be used to judge his moral qualities.
- Not taking care of your parents means betraying them
- Parents are not always kind to their children.
- Many are willing to sacrifice what is most precious to ensure that their children are happy.
- Correct relationships between children and parents are built on love, care, support
- Sometimes the truly close person becomes not the one who gave birth, but the one who raised
Arguments
I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". In this work we see the real one. The generation of “fathers” includes Pavel Petrovich and Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. The generation of “children” is Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov. Young people share the same views: they say they are nihilists - people who reject generally accepted values. The older generation doesn't understand them. The conflict leads to fierce disputes and a duel between Evgeniy Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Gradually, Arkady Kirsanov realizes that his values do not coincide with Bazarov’s teachings, and returns to his family.
N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". Father not only wants to give Ostap and Andriy a decent education, but also to make them real warriors defending their Motherland. Taras Bulba cannot forgive Andria for his betrayal (he goes over to the side of the enemy because of his love for a Polish woman). Despite seemingly fatherly love, he kills his son. Taras Bulba is proud of Ostap, the eldest son, who fights the enemy selflessly, with all his might.
A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". The source of happiness for Famusov is money. He loves his daughter Sophia, wishes her all the best, so he teaches the girl only to think about financial well-being. Such views are alien to Sofya Famusova; she diligently hides her feelings from her father, because she knows that they will not support her. Things are completely different with Molchalin, whom his father taught to always and everywhere seek profit: he follows this principle in everything. Parents, wanting to ensure the happiness of their children, passed on their views on life to them. The only problem is that these very views are incorrect.
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". Father, sending Pyotr Grinev to serve, said a very important and correct thing: “Take care of your shirt again, and take care of your honor from a young age.” The father's words became the most important moral guideline for the young man. In the most difficult conditions, threatening death, Pyotr Grinev retained his honor. It was truly important for him not to betray his father and homeland. This example is a clear confirmation that parental instructions help a child learn the most important moral values.
A.S. Pushkin "Station Warden". Dunya committed an immoral act: she ran away from her parents’ house with Minsky, who was staying at their station. Her father, Samson Vyrin, could not live without his daughter: he decided to go on foot to St. Petersburg to find Dunya. One day he was lucky enough to see a girl, but Minsky drove the old man away. After a while, the narrator learned that the caretaker had died, and Dunya, who betrayed him, came to the grave with three barchats and lay there for a long time.
K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". Katerina Petrovna loved her daughter Nastya very much, who lived a very bright, eventful life in Leningrad. Only the girl completely forgot about her old mother, she didn’t even try to find time to visit her. Even Katerina Petrova’s letter that she has become completely unwell is not taken seriously by Nastya and does not consider the possibility of immediately going to her. Only the news that her mother is dying evokes feelings in the girl: Nastya understands that no one loved her as much as Katerina Petrovna. The girl goes to her mother, but no longer finds her alive, so she feels guilty before the person most dear to her.
F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Rodion Raskolnikov sincerely loves his mother and sister. Speaking about the motives for the murder of the old pawnbroker, he says that he actually wanted to help his mother. The hero tried to get out of eternal poverty and troubles. As he pawns the watch, he remembers with trepidation his father, who owned the thing.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". In the work we see several families whose lives are based on completely different moral principles. Prince Vasily Kuragin is an immoral man, ready to do any meanness for the sake of money. His children are guided by exactly the same principles: Helene marries Pierre Bezukhov in order to receive part of a huge inheritance, Anatole tries to run away with Natasha Rostova. A completely different atmosphere reigns among the Rostovs: they enjoy nature, hunting, and holidays. Both parents and children are kind, sympathetic people, incapable of meanness. Prince Nikolai Bolkonsky raises his children in strictness, but this severity is for their benefit. Andrei and Marya Bolkonsky are moral people, true patriots, like their father. We see that there is a close relationship between parents and children. The worldview of children depends on the worldview of parents.
A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm". In Kabanikha's family, relationships are built on fear, cruelty, and hypocrisy. Her daughter Varvara has learned to lie perfectly, which she wants to teach Katerina too. Son Tikhon is forced to obey his mother unquestioningly in everything. All this leads to terrible consequences: Katerina decides to commit suicide, Varvara runs away from home, and Tikhon decides to “revolt” against Kabanikha.
A. Aleksin “Division of property.” Verochka was raised by her grandmother Anisya: she literally put the child, who had suffered a severe birth injury, back on his feet. The girl calls her grandmother her mother, which displeases her real mother. The conflict gradually escalates and ends in court, where the property is divided. What strikes Verochka most is that her parents turned out to be such callous, ungrateful people. The girl is having a hard time with the situation; she writes a note to her parents, defining herself as property that should go to her grandmother.
One of the most popular problems in texts for preparing for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language is the conflict of generations. It is this issue that these arguments from literary works are devoted to. We hope they will help you in writing a quality essay.
- DI. Fonvizin. The play "The Minor". The main character Mitrofan (whose name is interpreted as close to his mother or son of his mother) seems to us to be a negative character, like his entire family. His mother is a tyrant lady who does not give way to either the servants or her own husband, who is literally absorbed in her. Sophia, an orphan living with this family, and her uncle Starodum represent the good characters. About this family, or rather about Mitrofan, the uncle says: “These are the fruits of evil.” In this phrase one can fit the leitmotif of the work; the problem of fathers and children is revealed from the side of the strong and harmful influence of a vicious parent on a child. Hypertrophied and excessive guardianship spoils a teenager. He grows up in a family where his mother strokes his head with one hand and hits the servant with the other. And we see the denouement: if Mitrofan’s mother loves, then her son does not reciprocate her feelings and simply abandons her at the end of the play.
- A.S. Griboyedov. The play "Woe from Wit". Fathers and children are not only family ties, but also different periods of life, different mindsets. We see them in Griboyedov’s work. The present century and the past century collide when Chatsky comes to the places where he spent his childhood. The trip showed him a different life, but someone was limited in his judgment and remained. This is a conflict between the advanced and innovative ideas of Alexander Andreevich, against the old, conservative nobility who stayed in their places. Chatsky calls them sycophants and admirers of rank. But the author himself gives us a clue to its resolution; if Chatsky is alone on the stage, then outside of it there are his like-minded people, such as a relative of the rock-tooth, who “suddenly left his service” when his “rank followed.” Children will still replace their fathers, but having completely lost touch with the past, they will hardly be able to establish a dialogue with the future themselves when their turn comes to give way to the young.
- A.S. Pushkin. Novel "The Captain's Daughter". Petrusha Grinev at the very beginning of the work is not very sympathetic to us. His behavior and childhood pranks at the age of 17 force his father to send his son to the service, which should settle him down. When he arrives at the Belgorod fortress, where Masha lives with her family, she becomes one of the main reasons for the change in our hero. However, the hero initially had a strong moral foundation laid by his parent: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” If at the very beginning a young man seems to us to be “minor” and still just a child, then the trials that he overcame in the name of love and his honor turn him into a real man. Now he is able to stand up not only for himself, but also for his love. If the boy's father denied the right to marry, but he could not prevent the battle veteran. The conflict between father and son at the end of the work finds its logical conclusion, after the blessing of the parents, not Petrusha, but Pyotr Grinev for his wedding with Masha.
- M.Yu. Lermontov. Poem "Mtsyri". The conflict of generations falls on spiritual rebellion. Little Mtsyri, forced and deprived of his home, feels that he is unable to live day after day a life that is not sweet to him. With his escape, he shows not only his fortitude, but also his protest and unwillingness to accept his fate. His courage inspires us. The role of the “father” here is the regime, the captivity in which the hero finds himself, the framework and restrictions that Mtsyri breaks only posthumously. This is also a protest of the younger generation against the war unleashed by their fathers and which tore Mtsyri away from home, homeland and family.
- N.V. Gogol. Poem "Dead Souls". Chichikov carried the advice to “save a penny” from childhood throughout his life. The fear of being left without money or without the patronage of people with money turned into a mania. But poverty is not a vice. Vice is lies, hypocrisy and deceit; they become the keys that open the door to wealth. Even at school, Chichikov understood how people love helpfulness, how important it is to earn trust in order to attack at the most unexpected moment. Chichikov is a “Christ seller”; it’s not for nothing that his friend called him that very word. He will sell everything, just set a price. The harmful influence of his father and poverty made our hero exactly the way we see him in “Dead Souls.” This implicit conflict helps to understand why and how Chichikov became such a person. All this time, he sought to prove to his father that he had surpassed him and embodied his ambitions in himself.
- A.N. Ostrovsky. The play "The Thunderstorm". Ostrovsky's play is as much an example of a conflict, somewhat family-based, as it is a generational conflict. Katerina is a dreamy and open girl, incapable of pretense and rudeness. But Kabanova and her children lived and grew up in different conditions; the mistress of the family was used to taking everything into her own hands, beating servants, and deciding everything for the children. Her caress, like Tikhon’s caress for Katerina, is “worse than a beating.” In this family, it is not love that reigns, but “cruel morals,” as Kuligin puts it. And these cruel morals cannot stop tormenting Katerina. Marfa Ignatievna is used to living by her own rules, which she easily changes if necessary, and “eating up the family.” Her daughter-in-law cannot stand such tension and decides that there is no point in fighting. However, after her death, the younger generation rebels against the despotism of the “fathers” and openly shows disobedience. Silencing a conflict always leads to a thunderstorm that sweeps away the dust of centuries and clears the atmosphere for a new time.
- I.A. Goncharov. Novel "Oblomov". Ilya Ilyich did not rebel against his ancestors, but exactly repeated their fate, although time and circumstances were not conducive to this. We get an excellent picture of the main character’s family from one of his dreams. The village of Oblomovka is an ideal and quiet place where Ilya Ilyich grew up, he was shoed, clothed and fed by countless servants. Care and love were felt in everything. What does a person do if everything is fine with him? In most cases, he doesn’t do anything; he doesn’t really want to strive or do anything. This laziness, which appeared due to improper upbringing, left a huge imprint on Oblomov’s entire life. This is exactly how the family influenced the fate of our hero. The generation of “fathers” doomed the “children” to an idle and meaningless vegetation in a world full of beauty.
- S. Yesenin “Letter to Mother.” The lyrics also address generational issues. Before us is a simple young man who reassures his mother. He asks her not to worry about his life, maybe a riotous and hard-drinking life, but still an adult life. And we know very well that mother will worry, and we know that Yesenin will live as he lived. This is an eternal and therefore always relevant conversation between mother and child, who speak not to each other, but to themselves. They are different, but still the contradictions should not interfere with the natural family ties that connect an illiterate peasant woman and her city son, who became one of the most famous poets of his time.
- M. Tsvetaeva, “To Grandmother.” The lyrical monologue of Marina Tsvetaeva differs from Yeseninsky. Marina never knew her grandmother, and her poem, like many others, is questions and shouts into the void. These are the emotions that appear when you become interested in your family and your history. This is a conversation that will never take place, because the grandmother died, and this does not reduce the questions. Marina Tsvetaeva tries to guess what her grandmother was like, compares her with herself, looks at what she looked like. In his poem, the author shows not a conflict, but a riddle that loved ones leave us after death. Interesting? Save it on your wall!
Arguments for the final essay from various works of fiction. .
What are the differences between “children” and “fathers”?
An argument from A. De Saint-Exupéry's fairy tale "The Little Prince".
A. De Saint-Exupéry, in his allegorical fairy tale “The Little Prince,” tells us the story of a boy who visited the farthest corners of our universe. He was surprised to discover a huge gap between him and adults who had completely forgotten what it meant to be children. They are more interested in numbers, like the purple-faced gentleman who claims to be a “serious man.” He doesn’t love anyone, doesn’t feel anything, it’s hard to even call him a human being. The little prince comes to the conclusion that he is a mushroom, not a man.
What are the reasons for the conflict between fathers and children? What are the consequences of conflict between fathers and children? What are the reasons for misunderstanding between fathers and children? An argument from the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".
A striking example of the conflict between the old and new generations is the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons.” The main character Bazarov denies the beliefs of the Kirsanov brothers, who personify the image of the old noble society in the novel. His contempt for the history of his “fathers” is amazing; his nihilistic views completely contradict all the moral beliefs of the older generation. He denies even such a fundamental concept as love. For such neglect, Turgenev himself punishes his hero: the death of the impudent and ambitious is absurd and destructive for all his ideas, because on his deathbed he admits the defeat of his convictions, declaring his love for Odintsova. From his example we see that the new can be beautiful, but being a supporter of new ideas does not mean “trampling” the old ones.
The theme of orphanhood. What is the fate of children left without parents? Can someone replace a child's family? Are there “other people’s children”?
An argument from Valentin Kataev’s story “Son of the Regiment.”
The main character of Valentin Kataev’s story “Son of the Regiment,” Vanya Solntsev, loses his entire family in the war, wanders through the forest, trying to get through the front line to “his own.” There the scouts find the child and bring him to the camp to the commander. The boy is happy, he survived, made his way through the front line, was tasty fed and put to bed. However, Captain Enakiev understands that the child has no place in the army, he sadly remembers his son and decides to send Vanya a children's receiver. On the way, Vanya runs away, trying to return to the battery. After an unsuccessful attempt, he manages to do this, and the captain is forced to come to terms: he sees how the boy is trying to be useful, eager to fight. Vanya wants to help the common cause: he takes the initiative and goes on reconnaissance, draws a map of the area in an ABC book, but the Germans catch him doing this. Fortunately, in the general confusion, the child is forgotten and he manages to escape. Enakiev admires the boy’s desire to defend his country, but worries about him. To save the child's life, the commander sends Vanya with an important message away from the battlefield. The entire crew of the first gun dies, and in the letter that Enakiev conveyed, the commander says goodbye to the battery and asks to take care of Vanya Solntsev.
Attitude towards loved ones. How should you treat your parents?
An argument from the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".
Marya Bolkonskaya devoted her entire life to serving her loved ones, in particular her father. She endured reproaches addressed to her and steadfastly endured her father’s rudeness. When the enemy army was advancing, she did not leave her sick father. She put the interests of her loved ones higher than her own, which is certainly worthy of respect.