At 4 years old, children are very active, mobile, inquisitive, they really love when they are given attention, so it’s time to engage in developmental activities with them. Get your child interested in interesting things, so you will attract him to knowledge, develop his logic, thinking, and speech. In this article we will present several types of developmental activities that you can offer.

Classes for children 4 years old:

1. . Develops spatial and creative thinking, imagination, taste in the child. Make sure your child holds a pen or pencil correctly. You can draw with felt-tip pens, paints, pencils, and wax crayons. Show your child how drawing techniques differ and what kind of picture he can get by choosing one of the means. Come up with creative techniques: drawing with stencils, printing pictures. Try this method: apply thick gouache of several colors to the glass, attach a sheet of paper to it, the paints will be imprinted - forming a unique color pattern. You can then fantasize, come up with what you got, you can finish drawing some shapes just with paints and a brush. At 4 years old, children love to trace a picture; this activity also prepares the child’s hand for writing.

2. . Develops fine motor skills of the hands, and, as you know, the speech and mental development of children is at their fingertips. You can sculpt from plasticine, clay, special modeling mass, or salt dough. Offer your child themes for crafts: forest, New Year, flower meadow, underwater world, etc. Then compose a fairy tale for the resulting characters. In addition to modeling materials, use buttons, natural materials, toothpicks, beads, etc. in crafts.

3. . 4 years is the best time to start working with scissors and colored paper. Of course, we are not yet talking about finely cutting out pictures, but you can try original appliqué methods. Let the baby cut small figures from colored paper, which can be obtained by simply “chipping” with scissors (triangles, rectangles, etc.), now draw some figures on a sheet of paper, spread them with glue and glue the cut pieces. You can try to make an applique by filling the pictures with colored sand (it can be purchased at stationery stores), beads, bugles, semolina, and buckwheat. For this purpose, you can even use illustrations cut out from magazines and fill some parts of the drawing with bulk material. This activity will also develop fine motor skills of the fingers.

4. Learning to read and write. 4 years is already a good age to learn to read. The method of teaching reading using Zaitsev's cubes or warehouses works very well. If you cannot purchase these cubes, then you can try a more conservative, but now most popular method - reading by syllables. It is precisely by this method that Zhukova’s famous primer was written. Its essence is that the child is taught to form a syllable from 2 letters at once, thus reading occurs immediately in syllables: ta-ra, ra-ma, pa-na-ma. You can master one vowel and then learn all the consonants, memorizing all the syllables with that vowel at once. Having understood the essence of syllable formation, the baby will quickly learn to compose and read them with other vowels. At the same time, teach your baby to write letters; of course, they will still be clumsy, but the main thing is that the baby remembers how a letter is written and how a syllable or word is composed. If your baby doesn’t want to write letters, then make words with him using a magnetic alphabet or cubes with letters. If a child does not want to read, it is better not to force him, so as not to discourage him from this activity.

5. Learning to count. First, teach your child to count up to 10, then you can master counting up to 20. Count everything that comes to hand: fruits, spoons in the kitchen, steps in the entrance. Then study the numbers. To help you will be educational games with puzzles, which are made up of two parts: on one there is a number, and on the other there are objects of the required quantity. It would be nice to master the game of dominoes and lotto with numbers. Then you can begin simple mathematical operations: addition and subtraction; the easiest way to explain this topic is with your fingers or counting sticks.

6. Folding puzzles. This is a favorite and very useful activity for all children.

7. . Develops a child's spatial and logical thinking, awaken design skills in him. Now there are quite a lot of varieties of this popular toy on sale; you can assemble entire ships, castles, houses, using several types of construction sets at once.

Whatever you do with your baby, the main thing for him is your attention. Do not force him to do any activities; if the child does not like something, he is capricious, put it aside and just play with the baby the games that he likes most.

Developmental tasks for children aged 4-5 years

Tasks for children 4-5 years old should contain elements of play. The baby cannot sit in one place for more than 20 minutes, so you should allocate a little time to do the exercises, make them varied and exciting.

Cognitive tasks for children 4-5 years old

1. "Domestic and wild animals". Prepare cards with various animals: wolf, hare, mouse, fox, cow, elk, mole, cat, raccoon, deer, dog and others. Invite the child to divide the animals into two groups: domestic and wild. It’s good to play such games after a trip to the zoo. Such tasks develop horizons and understanding of the world around us, as well as speech (if you ask questions correctly and talk about animals, for this you can use the speech therapy cards below).

Topic: Pets

2. "Professions". Print pictures depicting people of various professions: cook, ship captain, driver, salesman, teacher, gardener, doctor, judge, fireman and others. In order for the baby to look for generalizing properties and name them, it is necessary to prepare separate objects (or pictures): a ladle, a pointer, a steering wheel, a mantle, a hose and others. The child chooses a picture with a person’s profession and looks for a suitable item for him.

3. "Spring". At 4 years old, the baby already knows the basic colors and shapes, so to continue the development of this topic, you can organize a game with “Fruto-nanny” baby food lids. The caps fit together perfectly and come in a variety of colors. Connecting them together is quite simple to create interesting objects. On a landscape sheet you can draw a circle, square, flower, cloud. From the lids, collect shapes of the same shape so that you can attach them to a sheet of paper.

Games to develop attention in children 4-5 years old

At the age of 4-5, logical thinking is actively formed; it is required to be able to focus on a specific task. In the future, this helps to develop perseverance.

1. Draw various objects on a landscape sheet: a flower, a balloon, a car, the sun. Ask your child to trace only the balloons with a pencil.

2. Cross out the letter “N”. On a landscape sheet, print out the letters of the alphabet randomly and ask the baby to cross out the letter “H” with a red pencil, all the letters “A” with a green pencil, and so on.

3. "Leaf fall." On a sheet of paper you need to find identical leaves. Ask your child to connect identical leaves with a pencil and color them. The game teaches you to determine the similarity of objects and develops spatial thinking.

Math cycle tasks

1. Buy magnets of different colors at any stationery store. With their help, it is convenient for the baby to understand numbers and concepts - more and less. Assignment: how many kittens does the cat have, and how many puppies does the dog have? Who has more children?

2. On a piece of paper, draw 5 stars in the sky. Invite your child to count and draw the same number of stars. How much should it be?

3. Draw snails and flowers in the picture. Give the task to circle the flowers with a green pencil, count the snails and draw a line to the flower (which snail likes which flower, do you think?). How many extra flowers are left?

4. Print a fly agaric on a landscape sheet. Give your child the task of counting the spots on the hat. Draw as many dots nearby as there are spots on the fly agaric. How many circles did you get?

5. Connect points from 1 to 15 in order. You should get a picture. Children really like such tasks and develop fine motor skills and teach counting rules.

6. Connect a group of three flowers with lines. Flowers are drawn on the leaf in a chaotic order.
You need to be careful and distribute all the flowers into groups.

Educational tasks with words

1. On the sheet in the center are written words in block letters: sea, flower, sun, snail. Match the word and the picture, draw a line.

2. Different words are written on the sheet: mom, cat, dog, dad, summer, spring, tree, flower. You need to cross out the letter A in the words. The baby learns perseverance and attentiveness.

3. Circles and triangles are drawn on a landscape sheet. The child is given the task to draw the letter M in each circle, and the letter C in each triangle.

4. “On the contrary.” An adult names any word, and the child must find the opposite meaning. For example: an adult says “hot”, a child answers “cold”, etc.

5. “A kind word.” Name the object, and the baby chooses an affectionate word to designate it. For example: ball - ball, house - house, leg - leg.

6. "Fruits and vegetables." Place various pictures of fruits and vegetables in front of the child. There are many options for games: ask the young student to put fruits in a basket. Ask to choose the vegetables from which mom makes a salad for lunch.

7. “Find the odd one out.” Tell your child a set of words in which the words belong to the same group, but one word is superfluous. The child must identify the odd one by ear. For example: tree, grass, flower, snail. The extra word is snail. The child must give an explanation of why this particular word is superfluous.

Tasks for the development of creative thinking

1. Create your own magazine or book. To complete this task you will need colored paper, clippings from various glossy magazines, colored cardboard, glue, and tape. Words for the book can also be cut out from magazines. It turns out to be a joint work.

2. Theater. Offer to perform a real puppet show. Make costumes, select props, prepare invitations for household members. You can choose any Russian folk tale and involve older brothers and sisters.

3. “An interesting continuation.” The task is useful for children 5 years old, as it teaches them to construct sentences, think logically and develop thinking. You should come up with a story on a specific topic. The adult says the first sentence, the child continues the next sentence. Then the adult comes up with a sentence again. The text should be coherent. In conclusion, we ask the child to retell.

Tasks for children 4-5 years old should be comprehensive and develop logic, thinking, speech, and fine motor skills. Thematic lessons can be adapted to the age characteristics of children, diversified with games and taught to compare, analyze, and think in a fun way. If you work with your child daily, he will enjoy learning the basics of math, reading, and other subjects.

Video educational tasks for children 4-5 years old

The development of children 4-5 years old is determined by many factors, including what knowledge, skills and abilities the child has acquired by this age.

Typically this is:

1. physical development,
2. counting skills
3. reading,
4. understanding reality.

What should a child of 4-5 years old know and be able to do?

Mathematics

Training in spatial orientation and basic numeracy skills should include the following:

1. A child of 4-5 years of age can count from 1 to 10, and this skill must be present both forward and backward.
2. It is important for children to be able to find the missing number in a series of numbers.
3. Children 4-5 years old can write and recognize numbers, know the composition of a number, that is, they decompose it into component numbers.
4. The child understands the meanings of mathematical operations greater than, less than, equal to, and their designations in writing.
5. Children compare large and small objects, know and identify the differences between objects in length, width, height and thickness.
6. The child equalizes the number of objects in groups.
7. Children know the mathematical operations of addition and subtraction and solve simple examples.
8. The child uses numerals correctly in speech.
9. Knows the simplest geometric shapes and recognizes them.
10. Knows how to distribute space on a sheet of paper, define the concept of left, right, up and down.

Free materials on our website will help you develop mathematics abilities in children of this age:

1. - video (memorize numbers from 0 to 30)
2. — detailed tasks about each number from 0 to 10
3. We learn the concepts: “ “

In addition, I also advise you to supplement the games with activities based on the books of Lyudmila Georgievna Peteron.

Speech development

A good level of development of a baby also determines the level of development of his speech. The speech skills development program includes the following features:

1. For children 4-5 years of age, it is important to be able to pronounce all sounds and speak with expression.
2. Children can name the objects around them, people, animals, distribute them into groups by meaning, and call them with a general word.
3. For children, it is necessary to use singular and plural nouns in speech.
4. The child easily finds an object based on the description of its shape, color, and purpose.
5. Children 4-5 years old determine the meanings of prepositions and select synonyms.
6. For children, it is necessary to know the names of holidays, ask and answer questions, and know several poems, riddles, and nursery rhymes.
7. The child composes a story based on the given picture from several simple sentences, can retell the fairy tale, and come up with an ending to the story.

Various free thematic activities, cards and games will help expand your child's vocabulary:

1. for girls with thematic tasks
2. with tasks for boys
3. study and
4. studying
5. - a selection of interesting materials
6. — a selection of tasks with games

The development of a child’s speech at 4-5 years of age and the peculiarities of his thinking are inextricably linked by psychologists with learning to read. You can teach reading during this period in several stages. The following skills precede reading:

1. The child knows the alphabet
2. The child highlights the first and last syllables in a word.

Learning to read involves dividing words into syllables, so developing this skill by ear is extremely important.

For children 4-5 years old, it is important to know and correctly name sounds and letters, and knows the alphabet. If the child does not yet know how to read short words, teaching reading should be carried out as follows:

Acquaintance with sounds and their letter designation (alphabet) will subsequently help correct and fluent reading.

For children, you can offer sound games where a sound is highlighted in a word. At the second stage, learning to read takes place in the form of determining the sound composition of a word.

At the third stage, learning to read involves sound analysis of a word and its comparison with the letter composition (remember the alphabet).

At the fourth stage, learning to read focuses on the letter composition of the word: here they use

1. alphabet,
2. cubes,
3. writing letters.

And finally, at the fifth stage, learning to read involves merging syllables into a word. The section on our website, which contains the alphabet, will help teach your child to read quickly:

Development of logic and thinking

Features of the development of logical thinking in children aged 4-5 years include the formation of the following skills:

Children 4-5 years old find differences and inconsistencies in pictures. The child is able to arrange several pictures in the desired sequence. Developmental activities will help you develop this skill.

Children are able to find a pair for the proposed object and explain their connection. It is important for children to be able to explain the purpose of certain objects and places to visit.

Children can choose from 3 proposed items.

Children know the names of colors, their shades, determine the time of day, year, know what country they live in, what their parents do.

A 4-5 year old child knows the basic rules of behavior on the street.

Free games to develop logic and thinking:

1. We are building
2. - games based on the Shichida method
3. - a game
4. - game with magnifying glass
5. - game for attention, etc.

Fine motor skills

The development of a 5-year-old child also provides for a certain level of graphic skills: The child knows how to use various drawing tools (crayons, felt-tip pens, pencils). Children should be able to draw lines, circles, simple objects, outline, and color. Free materials on our website for the development of fine motor skills in a child.

In order to fully prepare a child for school, you need to pay special attention to the formation of higher mental processes almost from his birth. One of them is attention. This is a selective, conscious focus of perception on a specific object for some time. And if children do not yet have it as such (at least, it is very insignificant), then the development of attention in children 3-4 years old, and even more so at 5 years old, proceeds by leaps and bounds. And this aspect of raising a child needs to be given a lot of time.

In order for the development of attention in children 4-5 years old to correspond to the norm, parents need to know the basic properties of this mental process. This will allow you to correctly place emphasis during education. At this age, a child must learn to select the information he needs and discard the unnecessary. A huge number of signals enter his small brain every second. And if a child at 3-4 years old does not begin to develop attention, which acts as a kind of filter, his brain will not avoid overload, which will subsequently negatively affect his success in learning. This function has certain properties. If their development does not correspond to their age, this will lead to deviations in the child’s activities.

1. Volume. If it is small, it is impossible to concentrate on several objects at the same time, much less keep them in mind.
2. Concentration and stability. If they are insufficient, it is impossible to maintain attention for a long time without weakening it or being distracted.
3. Selectivity. Without the development of this property, children cannot concentrate on the required part of the material necessary to solve a particular task assigned to them.
4. Switchability. If it is poorly developed, it is difficult to move from one type of activity to another.
5. Distribution. Without it, the child will not be able to do several things at the same time.
6. Arbitrariness. Without its development, it is difficult for children to focus attention if it is required of them.

In order for the development of a child’s attention in the period from 3 to 5 years to correspond to it, you need to purposefully work on all of the above listed properties of this mental function. There are special techniques, games, and exercises for this. If a precious moment was missed and something was not formed in accordance with the standards, you will have to carry out specially organized work, involving specialists. To prevent things from coming to this, it is useful for parents to know about the age-related characteristics of attention development in children 3-4-5 years old.

Peculiarities

Immediately before school, the development of attention in a 5-year-old child should be such that he passes testing for 1st grade, where there will definitely be tasks for the formation of all these properties. The age characteristics of this higher mental function for children 3-4-5 years old are as follows.

Are common

• The ability to control attention is extremely low;
• it is difficult to direct him to the subject through verbal instructions;
• to switch, you need to repeat the instruction over and over again;
• volume includes no more than 5 objects;
• retention is possible for only 7-8 minutes;
• is involuntary;
• stability depends primarily on the nature of the activity: it is negatively affected by the child’s impulsiveness, capricious and uncontrollable desire to immediately get the object he needs, do something, respond.

3 years

• The initial form of voluntary attention is developing;
• distribution between 2 objects or actions is practically inaccessible;
• the baby cannot yet be attentive as such;
• attention at this age is manifested only in specific mental processes: the child peers, listens, wants to solve a riddle, tries to read the “primer”, plays, draws enthusiastically.

4 years

• Finally, there appears a full-fledged ability to direct one’s own attention to a specific object or activity as directed by an adult, according to his instructions;
• accordingly, the development of all the above properties begins.

5 years

• The most initial, elementary form of full-fledged voluntary attention arises;
• willingly and successfully plays attention and memory games for children 5 years old, completing all tasks;
• is able to draw up simple self-instructions for his own attention and follow them;
• Resilience is formed through vigorous activity, manipulation of objects, games, and performing various actions.

This is the rate at which the attention of 4-5 year old children develops. At 3 years old it is still difficult to talk about the formation of this mental function, but after 2 years it should already meet fairly high criteria. In order to check whether everything is in order in this area for your baby, you can give him several simple attention tasks.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of the development of attention in children 4-5 years old is carried out by specialists, as well as upon admission to 1st grade. At home, parents can independently give him several tasks and see how quickly and efficiently he can complete them.

1. Find identical objects in the picture and name their color.
2. Draw 2 houses, 2 bunnies. Draw a path from each animal to a separate house so that they intersect. Follow with your eyes the path of each bunny to his personal house. Show where someone lives. Is it difficult to do this visually? You are allowed to run your finger along the path.
3. Color geometric and irregularly shaped figures according to the sample.
4. Draw the outlines of several (about 3-4) different objects so that they overlap each other. Find what objects are depicted.
5. Find the differences in the picture. If there is difficulty, leading questions are resolved.

If a preschooler finds it difficult to complete any of the tasks, then more time should be devoted to this aspect. And for this purpose, there are specially designed games for developing attention in children 4-5 years old, which will be both useful and interesting to him at the same time.

Development methods

Games for attention and memory for children 4 years old (+/- 1 year) are inextricably linked, since these two higher mental functions are interconnected. Such play activities will entertain the baby, and at the same time teach them to pay attention to something interesting and new around them, which may be useful in the future.

• Interesting walk

When you walk, describe all the small details you encounter along the way. For example, what bright green leaves on the trees, what a beautiful mannequin in the window, how cheerfully the dog wags its tail. Talk to your baby more.

The baby's toddler age is left behind. The child grows up, delighting his family with new skills. Sometimes he is lazy, fails to cope, sometimes cries and gets nervous. But is it necessary to interfere in children's fun and help the child play and develop? The answer is clear: “Yes!” It is better if parents actively participate in the child's development. Research shows that children who are happier, sociable and more socially adjusted grow up in a family where mom and dad spent enough time on the child: they played, drew, sculpted, and glued together. Therefore, it is better to put aside your affairs, turn off the TV and start developing the most important person!

Skills

Modern methods offer parents a lot of educational games. In order not to get lost in their diversity and choose the right ones, the first thing you need to determine is for what age group the classes are needed.

Children require the most attention before school. Usually this is a period of 4-5 years. The child already speaks well enough and is ready to listen and learn. But before choosing educational activities for children 4-5 years old, you need to figure out what they should be able to do at this age.

1. Determine the positions of objects (top, right, middle).
2. Know the basic shapes (circle, oval).
3. Be able to count to 10. Count objects in order.
4. Arrange items by counting.
5. Understand the comparison of objects, name their characteristics (thicker, thinner, big, small).
6. Distinguish numbers from letters.

Help for parents

So, the baby has all the necessary skills and is ready for classes. Where to begin?
Activities should be selected according to the child’s temperament. If the mother cannot cope on her own, a specialist can help her with this in individual lessons. Sometimes parents give preference to special development centers, where the program for children is drawn up by a teacher-psychologist. Most children attend kindergartens, where the teacher also plays with them.

But if the baby does not attend preschool institutions or the mother wants to work with the child herself, then educational activities at home will come to her aid. What are these? What should you pay attention to when choosing training programs?

Game form

The first thing you need to understand is that no matter what developmental activities parents choose for children 4-5 years old, they should be presented to their child only in the form of a game. And nothing else! During this period, children perfectly grasp any information if it captivates them. How else to interest a naughty girl, if not with a funny game?

Exercises and developmental activities for preschoolers

Let them be simple games without any theme to begin with. You can bring pencils or markers and a large sheet of paper. Invite your child to dream up. For example, a mother starts a drawing and a child finishes it. Then laugh together at the finished “masterpiece.” A good option is modeling or assembling a construction set. You can also make an applique with your child, play a board game, or even solve a crossword puzzle. All this is needed to understand what the baby does best. After all, if you identify talent at such an early age, there will be a real opportunity to develop it, and perhaps even make it your child’s profession. All adults know how important it is to do what you love in life.

Other activities

If your child is bored with such simple games or he does not show interest in them, you can look for other topics of educational activities.

1. The most important thing for any child is physical development. Parents just need to decide what they want: just keep their child healthy or make him an athlete. Again, focus on the child’s wishes. You can practice dancing, wrestling, cycling or scootering, roller skating, swimming, football. There are still plenty of options.

2. Motor skills. Perhaps as important as sports. You can build blocks, constructor sets, assemble puzzles, play in the sandbox, stack pebbles, sculpt from plasticine or clay, draw with crayons, or master “puppet theater,” among other things.

3. Creative educational activities for children 4-5 years old provide unlimited freedom for imagination. A child can be introduced to any type of art. You can teach him to draw, write poetry, sculpt, cut out paper, do theatrical performances, sing and even sew, embroider and knit (but only if safety precautions are observed and in the presence of adults!)

4. If the baby is already ready to study, you can work with him to master letters and numbers, thereby training his speech. Contrary to the belief that a child should learn everything at school, it will be better if the child goes to first grade prepared. This will make it easier for him, he will become more confident in himself, and, therefore, he will worry less.

5. Training in thinking, memory, logic. For these purposes, you can learn poetry, read and retell texts, name colors, shapes and volumes of objects, solve riddles and puzzles, assemble puzzles, play checkers and charades.

6. It’s great if the child also learns the rules of etiquette. He must learn to greet correctly, apologize, thank, give up his seat, and help adults. It's good when a boy knows how a gentleman should behave, and a girl learns to be a lady. No matter how outdated these concepts may be in the modern world, it is always nice when a child is well brought up and polite.

7. Some parents do not stop only at these common methods and offer their children individual developmental classes on rare topics. For example, they begin to introduce their child to space, mountains, rivers or rare animals and plants. Most often this happens due to the child’s spontaneous curiosity or is associated with the profession of the parents. In any case, no matter what a child is interested in, you should never leave his questions unanswered. He is growing up and wants to know everything. And the task of adults is to help the child with this.

Conclusion

And the most important thing in any activity with a child is that you need to stop at the moment when the child is tired and no longer wants to play or has lost interest in the subject of study. Under no circumstances force him to take classes, otherwise there will be no point in them!
Of course, any development of a child, regardless of age and place, is very important for his future life.

The kind of person he will grow up depends on how well and freely he can communicate, how well his speech, memory and culture are developed. However, you should not turn developmental activities for children 4-5 years old into some kind of duty or routine work. The child himself must regulate the time and duration of training. He should like the games, not his parents. Only then will he be able to fully enjoy the process and grow up as a happy and morally satisfied child!