(Senior preschool age)
Target: to form patriotic feelings and respect for the history of the Russian people through familiarity with the Dymkovo folk toy.
Educational: cultivate interest in the products of Dymkovo craftsmen. Educational: introduce children to one of the types of folk applied art - the Dymkovo clay toy, the history of its origin, elements of painting, and color.
Educational: develop attention, aesthetic perception, memory.
Materials and equipment: exhibition of folk Dymkovo toys; a selection of illustrations, photographs and pictures on the topic of the Dymkovo toy.
Preliminary work: a selection of Dymkovo toys, audio recordings of Russian folk music, preparation of questions for children on the content of the conversation.
Progress of the conversation:
The teacher begins his story with an audio recording of Russian folk music.
This was a long time ago, my great-grandfather told my grandfather about it. On the right bank of the wide Vyatka River, the Dymkovskaya Settlement has stood since ancient times, not far from the city of Vyatka (now the city of Kirov). From time immemorial, the settlement was inhabited by artisan people - stove makers and toy makers. Toy makers sculpted Dymkovo toys from red clay, which they collected along the banks of the river. The finished Dymkovo toys were dried for several days. Then they were fired in an oven, cooled and whitened with chalk dissolved in milk, and only then decorated with patterns.
Old people say that Dymkovskaya Sloboda got its name because in the mornings smoke from Russian stoves curled over each hut in it, when the craftsmen burned the toys that were taken to the city of Vyatka in the spring for the Svistoplaska holiday.
Where did the tradition of celebrating a local holiday come from? In those days, things were not calm in Rus'. One day, enemies, a myriad of nomadic hordes, approached the city of Vyatka along the river. The city was facing imminent destruction. Then the Vyatichi, that was the name of the people living along the banks of the Vyatka River, came up with a trick. All residents of the city received a clay whistle. Having crept up to the enemy camp at night, they raised a desperate whistle. The nomads decided that they were surrounded by squads who had come to the rescue, and fled in fear. Since then, the townspeople have been celebrating their special holiday, Pandemonium. Later, the ancient festival of Whistling Dance turned into the Whistling Festival, and today into the Whistling Fair.
On this day, townspeople, young and old, gathered on the city ramparts and in the market square and whistled with all their might at clay ducks and pigs. The choice of the whistle toy was not accidental; each whistle had its own magical meaning. So the bear whistle “gave” heroic strength to its owner, the owner, the ram - happiness, and the cow - prosperity. Unfortunately, over time, people have forgotten what magical power the image of this or that whistle toy has, but even today, according to tradition, at the fair not only Dymkovo whistles are sold, but also a loud, cheerful whistle flies over the city.
This is how Dymkovo toy makers throughout Mother Russia became famous for their craft!
What did Dymkovo masters depict in their products? The first to appear were whistle toys depicting animals - pigs, bears, rams with golden horns, horses, goats, ducks, cockerels, geese, turkeys. Next, a female image was added to the animal figures - a woman with a baby in her arms. The fact is that after the battle with the nomads there were many widows with children in their arms. Therefore, a tradition arose: all proceeds from the sale of toys should be donated to support widows, orphans, the infirm and the needy.
Dymkovo craftsmen are constantly looking for new images for Dymkovo toys. To the Dymkovo nannies were added figures of water-carriers, ladies of fashion, poultry-keepers, and merchants. Male images appeared - officers, dandies, pie sellers. In addition to babies - children of different ages and genders. Here is a rider galloping on a hot horse, the hostess is busy at the stove, the family is drinking tea at the table. A What is this ringing and knocking? This is a fast-moving crew! The driver skillfully controls the horse, and in the carriage there is a fashionable lady with an officer. Dymkovo dandies take their ladies on boats along the surface of the water. A motley fairytale carousel, a buffoon riding on a pig evokes ringing laughter, children making noise as they slide down the mountain on a sled...
The Dymkovo toy is easy to recognize among other folk toys.
It stands out for its snow-white background, on which the craftsmen applied simple geometric patterns. These are circles, rings, dots, stripes, lines, diamonds, ovals, dashes. Dymkovo craftsmen painted toys in a dozen bright colors: red, crimson, blue, golden yellow, purple, green... and even gilded them with sparkles. It seems that the appearance of every Dymkovo toy involuntarily reflects the nature of the places where it was born. Imagine snow-covered drifts, frost, blush decorates people’s faces. Against the backdrop of illuminated snow, the color of clothing sounds especially bright.
Folk art is always understandable and loved by everyone. And these days, Dymkovo toys are made by hand, unlike other folk crafts. Each toy is a unique work of art, each with its own special character. Dymkovo artists prefer the image of a kind ram or a proud, handsome deer to the evil image of a gray wolf. The Dymkovo dog is a cheerful, harmless mongrel. The bear is a musician playing the balalaika or accordion. A proud beauty, a fashionable lady, coquettishly tossing her head, leisurely walks arm in arm with the gallant officer. And a nanny walks sedately next to her, surrounded by a crowd of children.
Just as in ancient times, Dymkovo figurines were not children’s play; whistles were made for local holidays, and chests of drawers and shelves with dishes were decorated with elegant figurines, and today figurines from Dymkovo serve to decorate our homes. We admire the cheerful and mischievous Dymkovo toy, and our souls become warmer.
The teacher asks the children questions about the content of their story.
Educator:
Questions on the topic of the conversation:
- Why settlement, settlement called Dymkovskaya?(In the mornings, smoke from a Russian stove curled over each hut.)
- What material did the masters of Dymkovo Sloboda sculpt their toys from? (Masters sculpted toys from clay.)
- How did you prepare the Dymkovo toy for painting? Name the stages of preparing a toy for painting.(The finished Dymkovo toy was dried for several days. Fired in an oven, cooled, whitened with chalk dissolved in milk. And only then painted with patterns.)
- How did simple Dymkovo whistles save the residents of the city of Vyatka from the enemy?(Creeping up to the enemy camp, the residents raised a desperate whistle. The enemies thought that they were surrounded by squads that had come to the rescue and ran away.)
- What did the residents name their special holiday in honor of this event? (Since then, the townspeople have been celebrating their special holiday, Whistling.)
- Who did the Dymkovo craftswomen depict in their products?(At first they depicted animals - ducks, pigs, bears, rams, etc. Then nannies, young ladies, water carriers, merchant women appeared. To them were added male images - gentlemen, officers, men, dandies and images of children of different ages.)
- What parts and elements do the geometric patterns of Dymkovo products consist of?(In the painting of Dymkovo toys there are circles, ovals, rings, dots, stripes, lines, rhombuses, dashes.)
- What colors did Dymkovo craftswomen use to paint toys? Name the color scheme of Dymkovo toys. (Dymkovo craftswomen painted toys in a dozen colors - red, crimson, blue, golden yellow, purple, green... and even gilded with glitter.)
- Why do people buy a funny, mischievous Dymkovo toy?(Whistles are made for a local holiday, the Whistling Fair, and they decorate their homes with figurines.)
The Dymkovo toy is made from clay by hand. Simple geometric patterns and bright colors make it elegant and festive. Remembering the history of its appearance, we get acquainted with the history of our Motherland.
That’s why the Dymkovo toy won not only the hearts of Russians, it was also loved by foreign guests and became a popular Russian souvenir, a business card of Russia.
Relevance of the project:
Recently, the topic of patriotic education has been very relevant. Fostering love for the Motherland is one of the basic principles of modern pedagogy. The homeland first appears before the child in images, sounds, colors, and games. All this abundance is contained in folk art, rich and varied in content. In the process of creative activity based on the study of the traditions of the Russian people, children’s understanding of the surrounding reality is enriched, life experience is enriched, speech develops, self-esteem is formed, and skills of positive relationships with other children and the teacher.
Problem:
In a group during a lesson on speech development, we read a fairy tale "Golden Spindle" . While talking through a fairy tale, the teacher told the children about how they used to sew clothes using a spinning wheel and a spindle, that our grandmothers did this in the old days, that before everything was completely different. The children had many questions: "What is a spindle" ? “How did our grandparents live before?” “What is old man?” It is these questions that created the problem that we will try to solve.
Type of project: educational, creative.
Project implementation period: month
Project participants: parents, grandparents and children of secondary group No. 4, teachers
Educational area: cognitive development
Integration of educational areas: artistic and aesthetic development, social and communicative development, speech development.
Project goal: Introducing children to national culture, developing interest in Russian folk art.
Project objectives:
- Educational: To introduce folk traditions, folk art, customs; to give an idea of the structure of the Russian hut, of folk crafts, and of folklore.
- Developmental: Development of aesthetic and moral perception of the world.
- Educational: To cultivate interest in history and folk art, respect for its traditions.
Expected Result
- Introduce children to "Russian hut" , with objects of ancient Russian life;
- Continue to introduce children to Russian folk games, develop the ability to play them, introduce them to folk proverbs and sayings;
- Expand your understanding of folk art;
- To form a concept of the genre of Russian folk art "fairy tale" .
- Cultivate an interest in folklore, learn children's ditties and nursery rhymes.
- Organize, together with parents, in a group an exhibition - a museum of objects of folk life and culture
- At the end of the project, have fun and get-togethers with parents "At the samovar"
Organization of the project.
Stage 1 (preparatory):
Defining a theme (project problems);
Arouse the interest of children and parents in the topic of the project;
Drawing up a project plan;
Discussion of the project with parents;
Collection of information, literature, additional material.
Goal: to arouse children’s interest in the topic of the project.
Tasks for further work:
- Introduce children to the device "Russian hut"
- Introduces the variety of household items, their names and meanings.
- To consolidate knowledge about Russian folk costume.
- Expand your vocabulary: hut, upper room, grip, tub, rug, spindle, spinning wheel, rug, towel, samovar.
- Develop knowledge about Russian folklore: ditties, nursery rhymes
- Learn about family traditions and the values of grandparents.
- Creation of a mini-museum "Old Men"
- stage:
Literature Study (list of references attached)
Collection, analysis and systematization of information:
- Survey of children: “What do I know about my grandparents/great-grandparents?” ;
- Parent consultation on the topic: ;
- Defining the topic, goals, objectives, project content, predicting the result;
- Discussion with parents of the project, clarification of the possibilities, funds necessary for the implementation of the project, determination of the content of the activities of all project participants.
- Preparation of methodological material.
Distribution of roles between participants:
- Parents and grandparents learned ditties, songs and chants with their children, participated in the creation of a mini-museum, and took part in a master class "Visiting grandmother" , participated in gatherings "At the samovar"
- Children are active participants in the project.
- Educators are the authors of the project, organizers of educational activities with children.
Drawing up a detailed plan.
Organization of the development environment:
- Making a card index of proverbs, riddles, poems, songs, round dance games
- A selection of fiction on the topic of the project,
- Photo album design "Russian hut" ,
- Exhibition of works , "Matryoshka"
- A collection of rolls made from salt dough by children
- Creation of educational games "What's Hidden in the Chest" . "Family"
- Creation of a mini-museum "Old Men"
Stage 3 (basic):
Work with children:
Implementation of main activities.
Game activity:
- Construction games "Russian hut"
- Dramatization game based on a Russian folk tale "Turnip" .
- Role-playing games "Family" , "We're going to visit grandma"
- Didactic games “Who needs what for work” , "What's Hidden in the Chest"
Cognitive activity:
- Survey of children "What do I know about my family" - cognitive activity
Goal: Find out what children know about their geological tree.
- Reading fiction on the topic: fairy tales "Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka" , "Golden Spindle"
- Introduction to the work of a carpenter
- Listening to Russian nursery rhymes, chants, folk songs
- Learning round dance games
Communication activities:
- Conversation “What a Russian peasant’s hut looks like”
- Visit to the mini-museum "Old Men" . Conversation.
- Creating an Album "Russian hut" .
- Conversation on the topic "Russian folk toy" .
- Learning poems and songs of Russian folk themes.
- Finger games and exercises "Turnip" , "Family" ,
- Reading fiction, looking at illustrations. "Swan geese"
Productive activities:
- Application "Russian patterns on a sundress"
- Application "Russian patterns on a matryoshka"
- Construction "Furniture for the Three Bears"
- Modeling from plasticine "Matryoshka"
- Modeling from plasticine "Bowls for the Three Bears"
- Salt dough modeling "Kulichiki"
- Drawing "Slavic patterns on a shirt"
- Drawing "Patterns on household items"
Musical activities:
- Musical development. Learning a song “There was a birch tree in the field”
- Tea party: "At the samovar"
- Round dance games "Weave the fence" , "Stream"
- Learning ditties
Working with parents:
Consultation: “Raising children in the traditions of folk culture”
Goal: to introduce children to Russian folk culture.
Creation of a mini-museum "Old Men"
Joint activities between parents and children
Conversations with children about your family and relatives. Stories about your childhood and the professions of your grandparents.
Workshop for parents: "Visiting grandmother" (making Easter cakes from salt dough)
Learning nursery rhymes, ditties, proverbs and sayings on Russian folk themes
Educator - parents
1. Conversation: "Family traditions"
Goal: to find out what traditions existed in the families of grandparents of preschool children.
2. Participation in tea drinking.
3. Creation of a mini-museum "Old Men"
Joint activities between parents and children:
1. Holiday tea party "At the samovar"
- Russian folk games for parents and children
- Round dances for parents and children
- Awarding parents with memorial certificates for their participation in the life of the kindergarten
2. Analysis of the results obtained
Result of the work:
- Creation of a mini-museum "Old Men"
- Organization of an exhibition of works "Matryoshka" , "Slavic patterns"
- Album art "Russian hut"
- Album art "Russian folk toy"
- Carrying out musical entertainment tea party "At the samovar"
Analysis of the achievement of goals and results obtained.
Thanks to the joint work of educators, children and parents on the project, we obtained the following results:
- Children have formed an image of the life of their great-grandparents, great-grandparents, and their values are shown.
- Children's ideas about their great-grandparents and great-grandfathers are expanded (their pedigree, where and by whom they worked, etc.), about the life of grandparents (where they live, who they are from, etc.)
- Expanded knowledge about household items
- Expanded knowledge about the device "Russian hut"
- Knowledge of folk costume has been expanded.
- The idea of Russian folklore has been expanded.
- A developmental environment has been created: didactic games have been selected, material has been prepared for role-playing games, illustrated and photo albums have been created. Selected information for parents (consultations on the topic, moving folders, questionnaires, etc.)
- Selected fiction on the topic "Russian folk culture" .
- Musical accompaniment on the topic "Russian folk culture" .
- Joint events were held.
- Parents are involved in joint activities with the child in family and kindergarten settings.
We believe that the problem has been solved, the goal and objectives of the project have been achieved. In the future, we plan to continue working with children on the topic of Russian folk culture.
Name: Abstract of the educational activity “Trip to the folk crafts fair”
Nomination: Kindergarten, Lesson notes, ECD, patriotic education, Senior group
Position: teacher (corresponding to position)
Place of work: MBDOU d/c k.v. No. 11 “Crane”
Location: Stavropol city, Stavropol region
Summary of GCD in the senior group:
"A Journey to a Crafts Fair."
Compiled and conducted:
teacher Sedina N.V.
2014-2015 academic year
Software tasks:
1. Cognitive:
Continue introducing children to Russian folk crafts: Khokhloma, Gzhel, Gorodets toy, Zhostovo trays, etc.
Develop observation skills, the ability to see the distinctive features of products, backgrounds, painting colors, and pattern elements;
To introduce children to the origins of Russian folk culture.
2. Social and communicative:
To develop children's interest in folk arts and crafts;
Foster a sense of pride in the talent of your people, respect for the masters;
Continue to cultivate in children a love for folk traditions, folk music, and oral folk art.
3. Speech:
Activate your vocabulary with words: "fair", "Gzhel", "Khokhloma", "Gorodets toy", "Matryoshka".
4. Artistic and aesthetic:
To promote the development of aesthetic taste in children, the formation of beauty;
To teach to see the beauty, originality and originality of products;
Make children want to be in the role of craftsmen painting nesting dolls.
5. Physical:
Develop fine motor skills of the hands.
Preliminary work:
Introduce children to Russian folk crafts: -examination of illustrations, albums, dishes, toys,
Working with coloring books;
While walking, drawing elements of painting on the snow;
Conversations with children about Russian folk traditions;
Introducing children to Russian folk games “Motalochka”, “Burners with a handkerchief”.
Working with parents:
an appeal to parents with a request to learn with their children the riddle poems given to them about Russian folk crafts.
Material and equipment:
— elements of Russian folk clothing for children and teachers (to create a positive emotional mood)
- products of Russian folk crafts: wooden dishes with Khokhloma painting, objects of Gzhel ceramics, samples of Gzhel painting, dishes and toys with Gorodets painting, dishes and trays with Zhostovo painting, various Russian nesting dolls.
— illustrations depicting a fair
— attributes necessary for games;
- various treats (a bunch of bagels, dried cakes, gingerbread cookies, jewelry, wicker baskets and other various items and souvenirs that could be sold at the fair.
Integration of educational areas:
“Cognition”, “Communication”, “Artistic creativity”, “Physical education”
Progress of the lesson:
Part 1 - Greetings:
Teacher 1: Hello guys! Today is a wonderful day and we want to invite you to go on a journey with us! Do you agree???
Children: Yesssssssssssssssssssss...
Educator 1 : Then I suggest we start…. We will take you back to the past. Let's go back many, many years and find out what crafts our ancestors owned.
The music “Ah, the fair” begins to sound and the children enter the group.
Teacher 1: Oh guys... we went to an exhibition, a crafts fair... Look at Khokhloma, and here is Gzhel, etc.
2nd Main part: description of crafts:
Teacher 2: Come in, dear guests, don’t be shy!!! Check out our products! Are these products familiar to you?
Children: Yeahhhh..... Nooooooo...
Teacher 2: Let me tell you, dear guys, about our products. (the subsequent story is accompanied by a demonstration of dishes and toys)
- Gzhelsky the products are always easy to distinguish: they are made of white clay and painted with bluish-blue broad strokes, reproducing floral arrangements or scenes from folk life. Tabletop sculpture has always been given a large place in Gzhel crafts. These are small figurines or a group of figurines from 5 to 20 cm in height, depicting characters from fairy tales, plot or everyday scenes, as well as children's toys.
- Gorodetskaya The wooden toy has a variety of themes: people, horses, ships, etc. The expressiveness of the form, bright, vibrant colors, naive “childish” ornament - all this gives the toy originality and freshness.
- Zhostovo painting- folk craft of artistic painting of metal trays, existing in the village of Zhostovo. Painting is usually done on a black background (sometimes on red, blue, green, silver), and the master works on several trays at once.
The main motif of the painting is a floral bouquet of a simple composition, in which large garden and small wildflowers alternate.
According to their purpose, trays are divided into two groups: for household purposes (for samovars, for serving food) and as decoration.
Trays are shaped like round, octagonal, combined, rectangular, oval, etc.
- Khokhloma is a decorative painting of wooden utensils and furniture, made in red, green and golden tones on a black background. When painting, a silver-tin powder is applied to the wood, not gold. After this, the product is coated with a special composition and processed three or four times in the oven, which achieves a honey-golden color, giving the light wooden utensils a massive effect.
- Matryoshka, Russian beauty What attracts her? With its simplicity and bright painting. The beauty of the nesting doll is not only its colorfulness, but also its entertaining nature. Everyone is delighted and surprised by the dolls nested inside one another. Each matryoshka has its own facial expression.
The most famous are the Semenov and Zagorsk nesting dolls, as well as the Polkhov-Maidan ones. They all differed in elements of painting, but each was “dressed” in a peasant costume: a painted sundress, a scarf, a shawl, an apron.
Puzzles:
Teacher1: Guys, now you have learned about the main folk crafts in Rus', and now guess the riddles about them. (The riddles are told by children who have previously learned them, and the rest of the children in the group guess them):
Leaves, berries, flowers,
Stem, curl,
Here the owners are three colors:
Black, red, gold.
Who brought this product? (Khokhloma)
If there's a girl on the board
Or a daring fellow,
Miracle horse and miracle bird -
This means... (Gorodets)
Various shapes, iron
Very useful on the farm
Black, yellow, red
Amazingly beautiful
(Zhostovo trays)
Cups, teapots and vases
Distinguish these immediately.
White background of snow whiter,
Blue sky of blue.
Lace is a miracle
Where did the merchants bring it from? (From Gzhel)
There is one toy for you,
Not a horse, not Parsley.
Scarlet silk handkerchief,
Bright sundress with flowers,
The hand rests on the wooden sides.
And there are secrets inside:
Maybe three, maybe six.
Got a little flushed
Our….(Russian nesting doll)
Teacher 2: Oh guys, how great you are!!! And you know everything, and you remember everything, and you know how to solve riddles!!!
Productive activity.
Teacher 1: Dear guys, now we suggest you take a little break. Come here. On this table you see nesting dolls. What do they lack (children's answers). Yes, you are absolutely right, these nesting dolls have no faces and are not painted. We invite you to choose a nesting doll for yourself, sit down at the tables, take brushes and paint your nesting doll with paints..... (Children complete the task) What a great fellow you are! You have such bright and unusual nesting dolls.
Game physical minutes:
Teacher 2: Now let's play with you the games that children played in Rus'.
"Burners with a handkerchief"
Players stand in pairs one behind the other. The driver is in front, holding a handkerchief in his hand above his head.
All in unison.
Burn, burn clearly
So that it doesn't go out.
Look at the sky
Birds are flying
The bells are ringing!
The children of the last pair run along the column (one on the right, the other on the left). The one who reaches the driver first takes a handkerchief from him and stands with it in front of the column, and the latecomer “burns,” that is, leads.
"Motalochka."
You can prepare for this useful game in three minutes.
Take a long rope and two sticks, and you can make a knot in the middle.
Let's start the competition. Have two participants take the sticks and quickly begin to wrap the string around them.
Whoever finishes the knot first becomes the winner.
Part 3 - Lesson summary:
Teacher 1: Oh guys, how clever and fast you are! Well done! Oh, it seems we forgot to do something! Look closely at our nesting dolls! Is there something wrong with them?!
Children answer that they have no faces
Teacher 1: That's right guys! I suggest you go to the last table - and from the variety of faces, choose the one for your nesting doll that matches your mood at that moment!
Children complete the task.
Teacher 1: Guys, where did we go today and what did we talk about?
Children answer:...
Teacher 1: That's right, and now I suggest you sit down and return from the fair to our kindergarten.
Elena Melekestseva
Summary of joint educational activities of teachers with children “Conversation about Russian folk crafts” in the middle group
Program content:
1. Continue introducing children to folk toys. As with one of the species folk art.
2. To consolidate children’s knowledge about the Dymkovo toy, the elements of the Dymkovo ornament, and the color scheme of the painting.
3. Arouse joy and emotional interest in students from communicating with the Dymkovo toy.
Material and equipment:
Dymkovo toys ( "Nanny", "Lady", "Rooster", "Goat", "Ram",
Albums with image of a Dymkovo toy,
DVD with image of the village of Dymkovo, pictures from image Dymkovo craftsmen at work, products of Vyatka craftswomen.
Gouache yellow, red and black,
Square sheets of white paper,
Easel for displaying pictures.
Elements of Dymkovo painting.
Vocabulary work: settlement, dandy lady, craftswoman, turkey.
Using subject development environment: educational and play areas.
Working with parents: invite parents to purchase coloring books from image Dymkovo toys and examine them with children.
Children sit in a semicircle on chairs, sounds folk melody. The teacher turns on the disk with - image of the village of Dymkovo.
Educator: In Dymkovo, above the Vyatka River,
Precious continuing work,
Not looking for peace in old age,
Glorious craftswomen live.
Red viburnum outside the windows,
Steamboat smoke moves.
There is still damp clay on the table,
A rough, unformed lump.
Old lady at her work
He sits on a low bench.
Clay Vyatka toy
He sculpts... no, he doesn’t sculpt, he creates!
Nice painted toy!
Everything is singing, ingenuously bright,
And you can see the young joy in her
Has become the art of craft.
Today I wanted to tell you guys an amazing story.
On the low bank of the Vyatka River there is an ancient settlement called Dymkovo. Here Russians craftswomen sculpted from red clay on long winter evenings various toys: horses, deer, birds, turkeys, young ladies. Look, blue smoke rises from the chimney above each hut. That’s probably why they called the village Dymkovo, and the toys - Dymkovo
Let's take a look into one of the huts and see what they're doing there? Want to?
Children: Yes!
Educator: Let's open the shutters.
(The teacher includes the following image– Dymkovo craftsmen at work, painting toys)
Educator: these craftswomen have already fashioned their wonderful toys from red clay, and then fired them in the oven so that they were durable and whitened them with chalk.
I wonder what they are doing now, what do you think?
Children: They will decorate the toys.
Educator: Right, but how did you guess that they would decorate them? What is on the table in front of women? What are they holding in their hands?
On a snow-white background, which is so similar to the color of real snow, wonderful patterns of bright colors were drawn with love. paint: yellow, pink, orange, blue, red, green.
And the craftswomen drew a simple, unpretentious pattern of rings (the teacher shows each element on the card), circles, dots, wide and narrow multi-colored stripes.
What elements did the craftswomen draw, who remembered? (The teacher shows the cards again and helps the children name the elements of the pattern.)
Educator: The craftswoman never invents a pattern in advance, it arises directly during the painting process.
Now let's close the shutters. Let's not interfere anymore (screen turns off)
Guys, do you want to see what our craftswomen have done?
Children: Yes!
Educator: (Takes out nanny toys)
This is the Dymkovo nanny!
How beautiful the nanny is!
On the skirt of a white mug,
The nanny is wearing a kokoshnik,
In the hands of Senya and Vanya
The children will sleep soundly
And grow up in a dream
(Takes out the next goat toy)
The sides are steep
Curled horns
Frilled hooves
On Egorka's back
(So way the teacher takes out a turkey, horse, lamb, deer)
The teacher offers:
Let's first look at the Dymkovo animals. How did you know that this is a horse and this is a ram? Is this a deer? After all, they look alike. Look, all animals have the same legs, body, and muzzle. They all have patterns drawn on them instead of fur. (Listen to the children's answers). That's right, Dymkovo masters highlighted the most important thing in each animal. What makes it different from others. The horse has a steeply curved neck. What about the deer?
Children: branched horns.
Educator:
What kind of horns does a ram have?
Children:
Large, curved rings.
Educator: Now let's see what patterns the toy is painted with? Which ones do you remember? Can you name them?
Children:
The horse has circles, the goat and ram have rings and circles, and the deer has stripes and circles.
Educator:
What colors did the craftswomen use?
(If there is any difficulty, shows the children cards with the elements of the pattern and helps them name them)
What color are the patterns here?
What material was the nanny made from? (the teacher listens to the children’s answers, if necessary, clarifies and corrects them using leading questions to the children).
Educator:
Seemingly simple pattern
But I can't look away
Look, guys, how lovingly they decorated the outfit of this dapper lady. What color did the artist paint the lady’s hair?
Children: Black, red circles, yellow dots.
Educator:
Tell me the large and small elements? ( teacher takes a specific toy, children identify large and small parts).
How are the pattern elements arranged?
Children:
Rows ( teacher runs his finger along a row of rings and names the places. Where do they go on the body of an animal or a young lady? (along the legs, neck, along the hem of the skirt)
Educator:
What mood did this create for you? toy: sad or happy?
Children: the mood is cheerful, joyful.
Educator: Why cheerful, joyful? What colors do the craftsmen use to decorate these figures?
(Children’s answers. After which the teacher takes out a figurine of a cockerel)
Educator:
Lively Petya the Cockerel
Raises the comb
Screams loudly and loudly
Doesn't tell the kids to sleep
Cockerel, don't scream
You better catch up with us! (Held Russian folk game"Rooster)
(Children stand in a circle. Child-cockerel in the center)
Knock-knock, knuckle-knock-knock, Children walk in a circle, raising their knees high, a rooster enters the yard, one side, "rooster" moves in the opposite direction.
Himself with spurs,
Tail with patterns
Stands under the window
Screams throughout the yard
Whoever hears sits (Children stop. "Cockerel" screams: "Kukureku", flaps its wings. Children squat).
Educator: And now I suggest you briefly turn into Dymkovo masters yourself and decorate a napkin with Dymkovo painting, but first I suggest you try to lay out the pattern you like on a flannelgraph. (Children choose a pattern and lay out the same one from ready-made elements ( teacher comments on actions children: stripes alternate with circles). Next, the teacher demonstrates how to paint a napkin, recalling the colors and names of the elements.
Educator:
Now try to decorate your napkins with a Dymkovo pattern, first we draw a straight line with black paint. Now we draw circles above it with red paint and place a yellow dot in the middle of each circle.
The teacher hangs the finished drawings on a magnetic board, along with children They look at the work and note that the napkins turned out bright and festive. They secure it again. That the pattern is arranged in rows.
Publications on the topic:
Physical education for children in the middle group “Journey to the world of Russian folk tales” Objectives: 1. To arouse children’s interest in Russian folk tales and the ability to translate them into games, the desire to play them. 2. Practice doing it.
Summary of joint direct educational activities with children of the middle group “Club of Goodness” Alekseeva Svetlana Nikolaevna teacher of GBDOU d/s No. 52 of the Kolpinsky district of St. Petersburg. Summary of joint direct educational activities.
Summary of an integrated lesson on expanding ideas about folk crafts “I surrender to this beauty…”(based on the works of V.F. Bokov) Purpose: To expand children’s understanding of the diversity of folk crafts through the works of V.F. Bokov. Continue.
Summary of educational activities on speech development “Wild animals of Russian forests” (for children of the middle group...) Summary of educational activities on speech development “Wild animals of Russian forests” (for children of the middle group) Educator: Gladkova.
Summary of joint educational activities of a teacher with children “Journey through the land of politeness” PROGRESS OF THE LESSON: Children enter the hall. Educator: Guys, look how many guests we have today! Let's remember what kind of welcome cards there are.
Introduce children to the history of the Dymkovo toy; Show the characteristic features of painting a Dymkovo toy; Learn to identify the elements of the geometric pattern of Dymkovo painting (circles, straight and wavy lines, checkered patterns, pea dots). Develop aesthetic perception, sense of rhythm, color. Foster a love for Russian folk art
People lived in the same village. When it was cold outside and the winter frost froze the ground, the stoves in the houses flooded, smoke enveloped the roofs, so much so that nothing was visible. Just smoke... So they called the village Dymkovo. The adults in that village worked from morning until late evening: they dug the ground, prepared food, herded cattle, and the children joked, played in the meadow, and sang songs. They didn't have toys like you back then. And the adults began to think: how to please the children. They collected clay from the river bank, sculpted various funny figures, fired them in the oven, covered them with chalk diluted in milk, and painted them. For the “whistle” holiday, craftsmen from the Dymkovo settlement sculpted clay whistles in the shape of horses, rams, goats, and ducks. This is how Dymkovo toys appeared. Bright, cheerful, playful, these toys lead us into their own special, fabulously beautiful world.
Dymkovo toy handicraft. Each creation of one master. From sculpting to painting, the process is creative and never repeated. There are not and cannot be two identical products. Each toy is unique and one of a kind. Clay for production was traditionally mined in the settlement of Dymkovo, which is on the low-lying bank of the Vyatka River near the city of Kirov. The collected red clay in the settlement used to be chopped with a shovel and mixed with fine river sand - there is a huge river beach nearby. So, after mixing, the clay was turned over many times and moistened with water. In the old days they used to knead it with their feet. Now the craftswoman does not dig clay and does not knead it. The material is prepared by machine in one of the ceramic production facilities. Clay comes to the workshops in finished form - plastic packaging-briquettes of 10 kilograms.
Each toy, from a piece of clay to a finished sculpture, is made by one master. If earlier the craftswoman spent a lot of time on preparing clay and whitewashing, now more attention is paid to the process of sculpting and painting the toy. Pieces of clay are separated and rolled into balls. The balls are used to make individual parts of the toy. The Dymkovo toy is different in that it is made not from one piece of clay, but from several. A ball of clay is rolled into a pancake, a cone is made from the pancake - the lady’s skirt is ready. It is hollow inside with walls 4-6 mm thick. The walls of the cone are leveled by turning the workpiece in your hands. Then, moistening with water, attach the sausage handles and the head ball. All made from small pieces of clay. All the main elements of the toy are done first. All joints are smoothed with a damp cloth. It turns out like a single whole. Then they decorate the toy with details - kokoshnik, muff, handbag, dog, braids, hat, etc.
Dry the molded workpiece for 3-5 days, sometimes longer, in air. In the old days, the toy was fired in Russian kilns. Placed directly on firewood or on an iron baking sheet. The clay begins to heat up and soon becomes as if transparent - it glows with an even red color in the fire. At this point, the firing process ended, and the toys slowly cooled in the extinguished oven. Now toys are fired in muffle furnaces at temperatures over 1000 degrees. This high temperature gives the clay even greater strength. The ovens are quite large and toys are loaded into them in batches. Again, craftswomen do not have precious time taken away from non-creative processes.
After the oven, the workpiece turns out to be brownish-red. For whitewashing in the old days they used a solution of chalk in milk - they dipped the whole toy. The milk on the surface sours and forms a strong, bright film of casein glue. Whitewashing is a characteristic feature of the Dymkovo toy. Nowadays whitening is done using tempera white, which is applied with a brush. The final part of the process is painting. First, let's talk about the old traditional method of painting: Dry paints were ground with an egg, peroxided kvass or vinegar was added. The color scheme was not rich, only basic tones. Compositions ranging from soot to fuchsin and chromium were used. These paints seemed to give up some of their color to the workpiece and sounded muted. In the 20th century, they used gouache, also diluted on an egg. Nowadays they use bright acrylic paints - they are very durable.
Brushes are used mostly soft, of different sizes. Thin brushes allow the craftswoman to introduce small details into the plot - this is not always good, as it leads to oversaturation of the plot. Pieces of gold leaf or gold leaf - a mixture of zinc and copper - are glued on top of the paint. They shine and, together with bright colors, give a dazzling charm to the Dymkovo toy.
